An interspecific hybrid F1 of Cucumis hystrix Chakr. x Cucumis sativus L. （NC4406） was used to establish the developmental sequence and to characterize the male and female gametophytes at cytological level for furth...An interspecific hybrid F1 of Cucumis hystrix Chakr. x Cucumis sativus L. （NC4406） was used to establish the developmental sequence and to characterize the male and female gametophytes at cytological level for further understanding of the phylogenic relationship and the mechanism of fertility or sterility in the interspecific hybrid F1 The development of male and female gametophytes was studied through meiotic analysis and paraffin section observation technique, respectively. Meanwhile, the fertility level was assessed through hybrid F1 backcrossing to cultivated cucumber 4406. Variable chromosome configurations were observed in the pollen mother cells （PMCs） of hybrid F1 at metaphase Ⅰ , e.g., univalents, bivalents, trivalents, quadravalents, etc. At anaphase Ⅰ and Ⅱ, chromosome lagging and bridges were frequently observed as well, which led to the formation of polyads and only a partial number of microspores could develop into fertile pollen grains （about 23.3%）. Observations of the paraffin sections showed numerous degenerated and abnormal embryo sacs during the development of female gametophytes, and only 40% of the female gametophytes could develop into normal eight-nuclear megaspore. On an average, 22.8 and 6.3 seeds per fruit could be obtained from the reciprocal backcross. The interspecific hybrid F1 of C. hystrix x NC4406 was partially fertile; however, the meiotic behaviors of hybrid F1 showed a high level of intergenomic recombination between C. hystrix and C. sativus chromosomes, which indicated that it plays an important role for introgression of useful traits from C. hystrix into C. sativus.展开更多
In the sarcoma S180 ascitic mice, the effects of moxa-cone moxibustion at Guanyuan (CV 4) on erythrocytic immunity and its regulative function were investigated. The results indicated that moxibustion at Guanyuan (CV ...In the sarcoma S180 ascitic mice, the effects of moxa-cone moxibustion at Guanyuan (CV 4) on erythrocytic immunity and its regulative function were investigated. The results indicated that moxibustion at Guanyuan (CV 4) could significantly increase the decreased erythrocytic C3b receptor rosette forming rate (RBC-C3bRR), lower the raised erythrocytic immunocomplex rosette forming rate (RBC-ICR, P展开更多
INTRODUCTIONHepatitis B virus (HBV) is the most commonetiologic agent for infectious liver diseases. It isestimated that there are more than 250 millionchronic HBV carriersin the world today and thereis a significant ...INTRODUCTIONHepatitis B virus (HBV) is the most commonetiologic agent for infectious liver diseases. It isestimated that there are more than 250 millionchronic HBV carriersin the world today and thereis a significant association among persistentinfection, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellularcarcinoma[1-3].展开更多
光果姜[Zingiber montanum(J.Koenig)Link ex A.Dietr]为姜科姜属多年生草本植物,具有殷红的锥形花序,极具观赏价值,其花序轴较短且柔软易断,可通过杂交手段进行品种改良。此外,姜科植物的系统进化关系一直存在争议,目前关于光果姜生殖...光果姜[Zingiber montanum(J.Koenig)Link ex A.Dietr]为姜科姜属多年生草本植物,具有殷红的锥形花序,极具观赏价值,其花序轴较短且柔软易断,可通过杂交手段进行品种改良。此外,姜科植物的系统进化关系一直存在争议,目前关于光果姜生殖生物学研究相对缺乏。为了促进杂交育种工作的顺利进行以及为姜科植物系统进化提供新的证据,该研究以石蜡切片法为主要研究方法,进一步结合整体压片法和半薄切片法,观察了姜科姜属植物光果姜的大小孢子和雌雄配子体的发育过程,旨在深入了解光果姜的生殖生物学解剖学特征,为姜科植物保育工作提供理论依据。结果表明:①光果姜花药包含2室,花药壁的形成方式属于基本型,具有变形绒毡层;②小孢子母细胞减数分裂类型为连续型,四分体包含左右对称型,直线型和T型,成熟花粉粒为2-细胞型;③胚珠的类型为倒生胚珠,具有双珠被和厚珠心,雌配子体发育类型为蓼型;④揭示了雌雄配子体发育的对应关系,二者成熟时间同步,但雄蕊进入减数分裂时期比雌蕊早。首次发现光果姜花药壁中的绒毡层类型为变形绒毡层,这与前人报道的其他姜科植物的特征不同。研究结果可为姜科植物繁育工作及其系统分类提供有力的科学依据。展开更多
In angiosperm, pollen wall formation is a critical step for male gametophyte development. Pollen wall constitutes of the outer layer exine and the inner layer intine. Exine is further divided into sexine and nexine. I...In angiosperm, pollen wall formation is a critical step for male gametophyte development. Pollen wall constitutes of the outer layer exine and the inner layer intine. Exine is further divided into sexine and nexine. In Arabidopsis, the general process of pollen wall formation has been reported. However, the nexine formation has not been revealed. Here, we observed the process of pollen wall formation in Arabidopsis thaliana using transmission electron microscope. After callose wall is formed, the primexine is present between plasma membrane and the callose layer in the tetrad. With plasma membrane undulation, sporopollenin precursors accumulated on the peak of undulated membrane which is further developed into probacula. The primexine determines plasma membrane undulation and sporopollenin accumulation based on previous analysis of an undulation-deficient mutant. Some materials obviously different from sporopollenin are filled between the primexine and plasma membrane. These materials cover all the surface of plasma membrane and gradually develop into nexine. After microspore is released from tetrad, the nexine layer is formed and the probacula is further developed into sexine with continued accumulation of sporopollenin. Based on these observations, we proposed a developmental model of early pollen wall formation.展开更多
基金This paper is translated from its Chinese version in Scientia Agricultura Sinica.This research was partially supported by the Transcentury Training Program Foundation for the Talents by the Ministry of Education of China to Dr.Chen Jinfeng(30470120)by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30671419)+2 种基金the National Hi-Tech R&D Program(2004AA241120)the Tang Foundation Cornell-China Scholar Programthe Pickle Seed Research Foundation of Pickle Packers International.The authors sincerely thank Dr.Zhai Huqu,the President of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences for his support in this research.
文摘An interspecific hybrid F1 of Cucumis hystrix Chakr. x Cucumis sativus L. （NC4406） was used to establish the developmental sequence and to characterize the male and female gametophytes at cytological level for further understanding of the phylogenic relationship and the mechanism of fertility or sterility in the interspecific hybrid F1 The development of male and female gametophytes was studied through meiotic analysis and paraffin section observation technique, respectively. Meanwhile, the fertility level was assessed through hybrid F1 backcrossing to cultivated cucumber 4406. Variable chromosome configurations were observed in the pollen mother cells （PMCs） of hybrid F1 at metaphase Ⅰ , e.g., univalents, bivalents, trivalents, quadravalents, etc. At anaphase Ⅰ and Ⅱ, chromosome lagging and bridges were frequently observed as well, which led to the formation of polyads and only a partial number of microspores could develop into fertile pollen grains （about 23.3%）. Observations of the paraffin sections showed numerous degenerated and abnormal embryo sacs during the development of female gametophytes, and only 40% of the female gametophytes could develop into normal eight-nuclear megaspore. On an average, 22.8 and 6.3 seeds per fruit could be obtained from the reciprocal backcross. The interspecific hybrid F1 of C. hystrix x NC4406 was partially fertile; however, the meiotic behaviors of hybrid F1 showed a high level of intergenomic recombination between C. hystrix and C. sativus chromosomes, which indicated that it plays an important role for introgression of useful traits from C. hystrix into C. sativus.
文摘In the sarcoma S180 ascitic mice, the effects of moxa-cone moxibustion at Guanyuan (CV 4) on erythrocytic immunity and its regulative function were investigated. The results indicated that moxibustion at Guanyuan (CV 4) could significantly increase the decreased erythrocytic C3b receptor rosette forming rate (RBC-C3bRR), lower the raised erythrocytic immunocomplex rosette forming rate (RBC-ICR, P
基金Project supported by the grant from Science Foundation of Ministry of Health of China, No. 96-1-347.
文摘INTRODUCTIONHepatitis B virus (HBV) is the most commonetiologic agent for infectious liver diseases. It isestimated that there are more than 250 millionchronic HBV carriersin the world today and thereis a significant association among persistentinfection, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellularcarcinoma[1-3].
文摘光果姜[Zingiber montanum(J.Koenig)Link ex A.Dietr]为姜科姜属多年生草本植物,具有殷红的锥形花序,极具观赏价值,其花序轴较短且柔软易断,可通过杂交手段进行品种改良。此外,姜科植物的系统进化关系一直存在争议,目前关于光果姜生殖生物学研究相对缺乏。为了促进杂交育种工作的顺利进行以及为姜科植物系统进化提供新的证据,该研究以石蜡切片法为主要研究方法,进一步结合整体压片法和半薄切片法,观察了姜科姜属植物光果姜的大小孢子和雌雄配子体的发育过程,旨在深入了解光果姜的生殖生物学解剖学特征,为姜科植物保育工作提供理论依据。结果表明:①光果姜花药包含2室,花药壁的形成方式属于基本型,具有变形绒毡层;②小孢子母细胞减数分裂类型为连续型,四分体包含左右对称型,直线型和T型,成熟花粉粒为2-细胞型;③胚珠的类型为倒生胚珠,具有双珠被和厚珠心,雌配子体发育类型为蓼型;④揭示了雌雄配子体发育的对应关系,二者成熟时间同步,但雄蕊进入减数分裂时期比雌蕊早。首次发现光果姜花药壁中的绒毡层类型为变形绒毡层,这与前人报道的其他姜科植物的特征不同。研究结果可为姜科植物繁育工作及其系统分类提供有力的科学依据。
基金supported by the Major Research Plan from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2013CB945100)Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(12YZ090)
文摘In angiosperm, pollen wall formation is a critical step for male gametophyte development. Pollen wall constitutes of the outer layer exine and the inner layer intine. Exine is further divided into sexine and nexine. In Arabidopsis, the general process of pollen wall formation has been reported. However, the nexine formation has not been revealed. Here, we observed the process of pollen wall formation in Arabidopsis thaliana using transmission electron microscope. After callose wall is formed, the primexine is present between plasma membrane and the callose layer in the tetrad. With plasma membrane undulation, sporopollenin precursors accumulated on the peak of undulated membrane which is further developed into probacula. The primexine determines plasma membrane undulation and sporopollenin accumulation based on previous analysis of an undulation-deficient mutant. Some materials obviously different from sporopollenin are filled between the primexine and plasma membrane. These materials cover all the surface of plasma membrane and gradually develop into nexine. After microspore is released from tetrad, the nexine layer is formed and the probacula is further developed into sexine with continued accumulation of sporopollenin. Based on these observations, we proposed a developmental model of early pollen wall formation.
