Revitalizing Old Industrial Base of Northeast China:Process, Policy and Challenge

Northeast China is the largest old industrial base of China that endured persistent influence of the past planned economy system. This region has lost its leading place since the reform and opening up, and became a backward region by contrast with the coastal areas. This paper elaborates the evolutionary process of the old industrial base of Northeast China, analyses the main reasons for the decline, gives a preliminary evaluation on the revitalizing polices in recent years, and points out major long-term challenges for future revitalization. It concludes that for Northeast China, a relative declining area: 1) it is indispensable to get the long-term policy support from the central government; 2) system reform and structure adjustment are the crucial strategies, particularly the reform of the large and medium state-owned enterprises; and devel-oping new industries is as important as upgrading traditional advantaged industries; 3) the local governments should play an indirect role, avoiding from any unnecessary intervention on economic activity; and 4) social security and investment climate must be improved simultaneously. In addition, the author stresses that the lack of knowledge on the nature of old industrial base had led to failures of the past initiatives, and revitalizing the old industrial base should be treated as a holis-tic regional project including economy growth, society progress and environment improvement.

The Evolution of Regional Economic Resilience in the Old Industrial Bases in China: A Case Study of Liaoning Province, China

The economic transformation of the old industrial bases is a key research topic among geographers in China.In this paper,we propose that the concept of regional economic resilience(RER)has unique theoretical value in analyzing the economic transformation of the old industrial bases.We constructed an analytical framework and an index system and applied the conceptual tools to study the evolution of RER in the old industrial base of Liaoning Province in China,which is currently subjected to not only sudden shocks but‘slow burn’—longer term processes of change that may nevertheless affect the regional economy.There are four main findings:first,the evolution of RER in Liaoning can be divided into four stages from 2000 to 2015.Liaoning is currently in its conservation-release period,and the next stage will be a release-reorganization period.Second,the RER of the majority of the studied cities is lower than the average value for Liaoning,and this is mainly attributed to the relatively weak vulnerability-resistance and adaptability-transformation capacity of these cities.Third,the RER levels of the 14 cities in Liaoning differ significantly.At the first level is Shenyang and Dalian,at the second level is Dandong and Yingkou,and the third level comprises the remaining cities.Fourth,regional economic resilience is mainly determined by vulnerability-resistance,which indirectly reflects Liaoning’s lack of adaptability-transformation capacity,and the ability of the region to renew or create a new development path is weak.

Spatial-temporal Pattern Evolution of Manufacturing Geographical Agglomeration and Influencing Factors of Old Industrial Base:A Case of Jilin Province,China

The primary object of this paper is to examine the spatial-temporal pattern evolution of manufacturing geographical agglomeration of the old industrial base.Industrial spatial agglomeration index and concentration ratio are used in this paper.Multiple linear regression models are also applied to try to explore the internal driving mechanisms on manufacturing geographical agglomeration.The results show that:1) the manufacturing agglomeration degree of Jilin Province is increasing gradually.The spatial polarization structure is visible;and the central region is the agglomeration area,in addition,the manufacturing industries of Changchun Proper present a trend of dispersion;2) the structure of manufacturing industries has changed,and the concentration ratio of labor-intensive manufacturing industry is declining,while the proportions of technology-intensive and capital-intensive manufacturing industry are relatively rising;3) marketing level,location accessibility,labor resources,capital,science and technology innovation capability,scale economy and the level of globalization affect manufacturing agglomeration with different degree.There are significant differences of the effects about employment,technology,the quality of residents and the export-oriented market on the industrial concentration ratio;4) in the future,the impact of policy and institution,export-oriented market and quality of resident on manufacturing geographical agglomeration pattern will be more profound.

A STUDY ON RECESSION MECHANISM AND REJUVENATION WAYS OF THENORTHEAST OLD INDUSTRIAL BASE

Using the theory of regional superiority of forming and developing Of the old industrial bases and theory of transfondng industrial structure, the paper analyses the recession characteristics, reasons and mechanism of the northest Old industrial base. On the basis of analysing and using the successful experience of other countries, the authors put forward the pattern, goal and way of transforming the northeast old industrial base, combined with the particular national conditions. The poper wants to make the theory and practice system of forming and developing of the world industrial bases more perfect, and provide some experience to promote the systematic development and speed up the industrialized course in the industrial ha of developing countries.

Agricultural Ecological Zoning Plan of Old Industrial Bases in Liaoning Province, China

On the basis of brief description of current situation of old industrial bases and primary industry of Liaoning Province, the paper introduces the general situation of agriculture-ecological zoning plan in Liaoning Province. First, the ecological bases of agricultural zoning plan are introduced through various topographic and geomorphic types, regional climate differences and imbalanced distribution of natural resources; Second, in accordance with the theory of comparative advantage, distribution of production and resource economics, on the basis of comprehensive evaluation of agricultural natural resources, with the principle of fully excavating economic function of different natural resources, and in order to improve allocation efficiency of the two resources of market and government, the formation of ecological zoning plan of agriculture in Liaoning Province is analyzed; Third, according to Regional Layout Planning of Characteristic Agricultural Products of Liaoning Province (2006-2010), the paper describes basic layout of agriculture-ecological zoning plan in Liaoning Province. The policy support of agriculture-ecological zoning plan in Liaoning Province is analyzed from three aspects-support policy of functional zone major in producing grain, support policy of other characteristic agriculture-ecological zone and support measures of development of agriculture-ecological zone. The paper also analyzes experiences of agricultural development of old industrial bases in ecological zoning plan: First, agriculture-ecological zoning plan is a effective way of the revitalization of old industrial bases; Second, scientificity of plan is the basis of improving competitiveness of regional agriculture; Third, multi-input mechanism guiding by government is the key of agricultural packing effect; Fourth, integrated agricultural industrial chain is guarantee of realizing industrialization in ecological zone.

Prospering Revolution of Resource Efficiency in Northeast Industrial Area in China

Despite its strong advantages in resource, technology and human resource, China's Northeast Industrial Area is also experiencing problems of unreasonable industrial structure, envi- ronmental pollution, and the degradation of ecological condition, etc., which prevent this area from achieving a sustainable devel- opment. Through analyzing the resource problem, the present paper proposed a strategy of circular economy for the prosperity of this are, discussed the theories of circular economy and re- source recycling, and finally concluded that improving resource productivity is at the core of circular economy.

The Rising,Recession and Revitalization of the Traditional Industrial Base in the Northeastern United States

The distribution of American industries has been unbalanced and most of the early industrial regions were centered in northeastern America.The northeastern traditional industrial base once was called"manufacturing belt".Since the 1950s,old industrial bases in the United States have been under recession.The northeastern region was then even called"rust belt".Some issues and measures of policy were set up by the government to adjust and restructure the old industrial bases,and some are useful experience and inspirations for our country,such as setting up special branches and organizations,establishing and implementing strategic planning for the adjustment and restructure of old industrial bases,adjusting the industrial branch and system,emphasizing on environment control and preservation and so on was achieved.Learning the successful experience from America,effective countermeasures and steps must be taken to accelerate the revival of the old industrial base in Northeastern China.

Effects of the Northeast China Revitalization Strategy on Regional Economic Growth and Social Development

Measuring the economic and social effects of the Northeast China Revitalization Strategy is critical to addressing regional sustainable development in China. To shed light on this issue, an integrated perspective was adopted that is combined with the difference-in-differences method to measure the effects of the strategy on economic growth and social development in Northeast China. The findings suggest that the strategy has significantly improved regional economic growth and per-capita income by increasing its gross domestic product(GDP) and GDP per capita by 25.70% and 46.00%, respectively. However, the strategy has significantly worsened the regional employment in the secondary industry of the region. In addition, the strategy has not significantly improved regional infrastructural road, education investment or social security, and has had no significant effect on mitigating regional disparity. In addition, the policy effects are highly heterogeneous across cities based on city size and characteristics. Therefore, there is no simple answer regarding whether the Northeast China Revitalization Strategy has reached its original goals from an integrated perspective. The next phase of the strategy should emphasize improving research and development(R&D) and human capital investments based on urban heterogeneity to prevent conservative path-dependency and the lock-in of outdated technologies.

Research on evaluation model of technology innovation ability of state-owned enterprises in northeast industry base

The paper viewed the current problem that state-owned enterprises in northeast industry base hadn＇t technologies of their own intellectual property right, whose sources mainly depended on imitation and introduction from abroad. Operational evaluation method and index criteria system of enterprises technology innovation ability were put forward in this paper, different enterprises may revise the model according to their actual situations to evaluate the enterprise technological innovation ability scientifically and quickly. The findings will be helpful to correlative departments to formulate the related policies and also has important theoretical and practical value in technological innovation project of enterprise.

An Analysis of Development Trend of Food Industry in Three Northeastern Provinces of China

The food industry has developed into a leading industry in Northeast China.However,various economic indicators have shown a significant downward trend in recent years.Through the systematic analysis of the development trend of food industry in Northeast China in the past ten years,especially in 2014,it is found that in the context of stable and smooth operation of the food industry in China,the efficiency of the main processing industries declines in the three northeastern provinces of China,there is a simultaneous decline in the share of output value of the leading industries in the output value of manufacturing sector in three provinces,the collective and individual capital withdrawal is obvious in the paid-up capital,and there is a simultaneous decline in the industrial production and sales rate and the export delivery value.The food industry in Northeast China has plunged into the dilemma of development.Finally,this article puts forward some targeted recommendations from aspects of policy making,industrial agglomeration and enterprise cultivation.

Study of Nursing Home Interior Design in Northeast China——A Case Study of Nursing Home in Changchun

Over the past few years,the design and construction of the pension space has been gradually enriched.The rational depth of thinking in the humanized and emotional design of the nursing home is revealed.The interior space under the influence of regional culture is also the associated element of humanized and emotional design,which is worth the in-depth discussion of the professional staff.The construction and developed areas in Northeast China compared to nursing homes are still relatively backward,how to implement the people-oriented design concept,how to promote the northeast area nursing home construction and interior design quality,these problems are specific,but also the reality,managers,designers need to take seriously.

To Vitalize the Northeast and Win by Quality Address at the Forum on the Strategy for Implement ing the Vitalization of the Northeast Old Industry Base Held by AQSIQ(selection)

The forum on the strategy for implementing the vitalization of the northeastold industry base was held on June 13^(th), 2005 in Shengyang by the General Adminitration ofQuality supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of P.R. China (AQSIQ). The leaders in charge of theState Council Office of Northeast Vitalization and the Provincial Office of Vitalization ofLiaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang were invited to attend the forum. At the forum, Director of AQSIQLi Changjiang made active response to the issues surrounding 'how the central government policy ofvitalizing Northeast can be fulfilled' and 'how the departments of quality inspection can fulfilltheir duty and play an active role'.

China to Create an Access System for the Reproductive Health Industry Based on Quality Accreditation

Zhang Weiqing, director of the National Population and Family Planning Commission (NPFPC), disclosed at the inaugural meeting of the China Reproductive Health Industry Association (CRIA), held on March 26, 2007, that China will create an inspection system, a quality accreditation system, and an industry access system for better population structure and family planning.……

A Comparative Analysis on Urbanization of Former Industrial Bases in Northeast China

The concentrated urbanization with the priority given to large cities and the balanced urbanization with the emphasis laid on small towns development are the two major urbanization patterns nowadays.The paper analyzes the urbanization pattern of the Great Lakes Industrial Area of US and the Ruhr Industrial Area of Germany,and compares it with the urbanization pattern of the former industrial base in Northeast China,which indicates that the development of the former industrial base is in a dilemma between the choices of these two urbanization patterns.In consequence,the paper discusses the choice of urbanization pattern of the former industrial base from the perspective of regional and spatial distinctions,as well as carrying out a countermeasure study on the urbanization patterns of different areas.

发展新质生产力 推动我国经济高质量发展

中华人民共和国(新中国)成立以来,从毛泽东的《论十大关系》,到邓小平的“科学技术是第一生产力”,再到习近平的“整合科技创新资源,引领发展战略性新兴产业和未来产业,加快形成新质生产力”,我党对经济工作规律性的认识,随着时代的发展而不断深化。习近平总书记在2024年1月31日召开的中央政治局第十一次集体学习会议上的重要讲话,更是把这种认识推向了全新的高度。总书记在主持学习时明确指出“必须牢记高质量发展是新时代的硬道理”,“高质量发展需要新的生产力理论来指导,而新质生产力已经在实践中形成并展示出对高质量发展的强劲推动力、支撑力,需要我们从理论上进行总结、概括,用以指导新的发展实践”,并强调“科技创新能够催生新产业、新模式、新动能,是发展新质生产力的核心要素”。为了深入学习贯彻总书记讲话精神,围绕“发展新质生产力推动我国经济高质量发展”这个新时代经济发展的核心课题,本刊邀请国内著名专家、学者,撰写一组笔谈文章,以飨读者。

东北三省高等教育助力共同富裕的实证研究

共同富裕是满足人民对美好生活向往的重要方面,高等教育的振兴是事关经济与社会发展的关键因素。本研究选取黑龙江、吉林、辽宁东北三省2012—2021年36个城市共10年的数据,基于“富裕”和“共同”两个维度构建共同富裕指数,通过构建SYS-GMM模型分析东北三省高等教育对实现共同富裕的影响效应。研究表明:振兴东北三省高等教育将会显著促进共同富裕的实现,在其他变量保持不变的前提下,东北三省高等教育发展水平每提升1个单位,共同富裕指数提升1.452个单位;东北三省高等教育发展不仅能促进收入提升,还能有效缩小收入差距;东北三省产业结构在高等教育助力实现共同富裕的过程中发挥显著的正向调节效应,即产业结构优化升级将有助于东北三省高等教育推动实现共同富裕。因此,东北三省要全力加强高等教育强省建设,制定实施东北三省高等教育一体化发展与融通战略;要提高东北三省农村地区高等教育招生录取比例,促进教育成果服务地方惠及大众;要以“四个面向”为指引,推进东北三省产业结构升级,加强科研成果转化,构筑产教协同机制。

东北地区油气资源型城市碳达峰预测

东北地区油气资源型城市大量的能源能耗使得二氧化碳排放量持续攀升,预测未来碳排放趋势对各城市制定减排政策具有重要意义。以2001—2022年东北地区油气资源型城市碳排放量为研究对象,采用STIRPAT模型和岭回归分解碳排放影响因子,结合情景分析法设定32种组合情景,预测各情景下东北地区油气资源型城市2023—2035年的碳排放量与碳达峰时间。结果表明:碳排放因素对三个城市碳排放均表现为正向影响;基准路径情景中,盘锦和大庆于2030年实现碳达峰,单一路径情景和组合路径情景中,盘锦、松原和大庆均最早于2025年实现碳达峰。建议各城市要培育发展新型产业、提高能源利用率,进而率先实现碳达峰。

黑土区保护性耕作土壤有机碳动态的模型模拟研究

【目的】保护性耕作是恢复和提高土壤肥力的重要措施,土壤有机碳在保持土壤肥力、维持作物生长与保护土壤环境方面具有非常重要的作用。然而,目前国内仍然缺少研究长期耕作的监测平台,因此采用模型的方法有助于研究长期保护性耕作下土壤有机碳的动态。【方法】依托东北黑土地保护性耕作长期定位试验地,选取免耕(NT)、秋翻(MP)、垄作(RT)3种处理下的土壤为研究对象,优化过程模型(RothC、AMG模型)与统计模型(MLPNN模型)的结构与参数,对比模拟长期保护性耕作下土壤有机碳储量的动态变化,评估不同模型对保护性耕作土壤有机碳动态模拟与预测的效果,并揭示东北黑土有机碳对保护性耕作的长期响应及其影响因素。【结果】优化有机碳在模型中各碳库的分配系数后,RothC与AMG模型模拟误差显著降低。保护性耕作实施的前11年(2001—2012),RothC与AMG过程模型对土壤有机碳的动态变化模拟效果没有显著差异,说明过程模型复杂的结构对持续时间相对较短的试验模拟效果没有显著影响,统计模型MLPNN的模拟结果与过程模型相似,验证了统计模型在田块与样地等小空间尺度内的应用效果。未来100年RothC与AMG模型预测的MP处理土壤有机碳变化趋势相同,但RothC模型预测结果得出,NT与RT处理土壤有机碳表现出先增长后达到平衡的趋势,但AMG模型模拟的结果却是有机碳一直处于增长趋势,这可能与土壤碳饱和效应与耕作处理的影响有关。RothC与AMG模型对碳投入都具有很高的灵敏度,但对气候因素与土壤因素变化的响应却存在差异。【结论】模型模拟长期保护性耕作土壤有机碳动态时需要因地制宜选择合适的预测模型。在预测保护性耕作土壤有机碳的短期变化时可以采用结构较为简单的AMG过程模型;在进行长期预测时,可以采用结构较为复杂的RothC模型。在特定条件下,统计模型MLPNN在田块与样地等小空间尺度上对土壤有机碳的模拟与过程模型具有相近的效果。

培育新质生产力,推动新时代东北全面振兴

培育与发展新质生产力是新时代东北全面振兴的战略选择,对于重塑东北地区经济格局、构筑核心竞争优势意义重大。本文回溯了新质生产力的理论渊源,概括了新质生产力的现实表征,在此基础上阐释了以新质生产力建设促进新时代东北全面振兴的理论逻辑和所面临的现实挑战,并针对东北特色实践提出了数字经济时代东北地区培育新质生产力、实现东北全面振兴新突破的路径。本文既从理论层面分析了东北地区培育新质生产力的逻辑脉络,也从实践层面提出了东北地区培育新质生产力、推动东北全面振兴的政策建议。