目的基于质量源于设计(QbD)理念,优化板蓝根配方颗粒喷雾干燥工艺。方法结合信息熵赋值法,以喷干粉得粉率及尿苷、腺苷、鸟苷和(R,S)-告依春含量作为关键质量属性(CQAs),利用Plackett-Burman试验设计对进风温度、雾化压力、药液温度、...目的基于质量源于设计(QbD)理念,优化板蓝根配方颗粒喷雾干燥工艺。方法结合信息熵赋值法,以喷干粉得粉率及尿苷、腺苷、鸟苷和(R,S)-告依春含量作为关键质量属性(CQAs),利用Plackett-Burman试验设计对进风温度、雾化压力、药液温度、进液速度和药液相对密度进行考察,筛选出关键工艺参数(CPPs),再运用中心点复合设计(Center Point Composite design,CCD)试验对筛出的CPPs进行优化,在二次多项式回归模型的基础上建立板蓝根配方颗粒喷雾干燥工艺设计空间,并加以验证。结果Plackett-Burman试验结果显示,药液相对密度和进液速度为该研究的关键工艺参数。CCD试验方差分析结果显示构建的模型具有显著性差异(P<0.01),失拟项不显著(P>0.05),表明模型预测能力良好。构建的CPPs优化设计空间为药液相对密度1.05-1.08,进液速度30%-40%。结论基于QbD理念建立的板蓝根配方颗粒喷雾干燥工艺设计空间,可提高其工艺的稳定性,有利于保障产品质量的一致性。展开更多
Laboratory experiments are performed to explore the response rule of a sandy beach profile under plunging wave on a non-uniform sediment-bed slope. The initial beach slope of combination of 1/10 and 1/20 is exposed to...Laboratory experiments are performed to explore the response rule of a sandy beach profile under plunging wave on a non-uniform sediment-bed slope. The initial beach slope of combination of 1/10 and 1/20 is exposed to regular waves and cnoidal waves respectively. The free surface elevation, process of wave propagation, wave breaking, uprush and backwash and the change of a cross-shore beach profile are measured and recorded. The beach profile under the regular waves action exhibits two parts: a sandbar profile and a beach berm profile, and only one typical profile transformation under the cnoidal waves action is obtained, which is the beach berm profile. In the laboratory experiments, it is found that the beach states under wave action related to the previous factors. In addition, they are related to the characteristic of breaking waves such as the breaking intensity of the plunging wave. A concept about the characteristic angle of the plunging wave has been put forward through the observation and analysis of the phenomenon of the laboratory experiment. A qualitative analysis about the sediment transport carrying by currents generated from the plunging wave and the state of beach profile under the wave action has been done. The quantitative analysis about the relationship between the characteristic angle and Irribarren number has been done. An available formula of equilibrium states for the sandy beach induced by the plunging wave has been established based on the relationship between Irribarren number and the beach profile. By fitting these experimental results and others' experimental results to three lines, the three fitting coefficients can be calculated in their formula respectively. The recommended empirical formulas can divide three states of a beach morphology profile obviously, which include a depositive beach, an erosive beach and an intermediate beach.展开更多
[目的]基于网络药理预测祛浊通痹方(Quzhuo Tongbi,QZTB)治疗肥胖的有效成分和潜在机制,并采用肥胖模型小鼠验证其效果。[方法]利用中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and An...[目的]基于网络药理预测祛浊通痹方(Quzhuo Tongbi,QZTB)治疗肥胖的有效成分和潜在机制,并采用肥胖模型小鼠验证其效果。[方法]利用中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform,TCMSP)筛选QZTB有效成分及靶点,检索DrugBank、人类基因组注释数据库(Human Genome Annotation Database,GeneCards)和在线人类孟德尔遗传(Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man,OMIM)数据库收集肥胖的相关靶点,利用Venny 2.1在线平台筛选QZTB治疗肥胖的交集靶点,并制作韦恩图,根据STRING 11.5数据库构建蛋白互作(protein-protein interaction,PPI)网络图,借助网络拓扑分析(Cytoscape network centrality analysis,CytoNCA)插件筛选QZTB治疗肥胖的核心靶点。利用Cytoscape 3.8.2软件建立“中药-成分-靶点-疾病”模型,筛选QZTB治疗肥胖的有效成分,并基于Metascape在线数据库对交集靶点进行基因本体(gene ontology,GO)功能和京都基因和基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomics,KEGG)通路富集分析,通过Python对结果进行可视化。将C57BL/6雄性小鼠随机分为空白组、模型组和QZTB组,通过高脂饲料诱导肥胖模型,灌胃给药10周后分离肝脏组织进行病理学检查,采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction,Real-time qPCR)法检测肝组织丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶1(serine/threonine protein kinase 1,AKT1)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)和白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)的mRNA表达水平。[结果]通过靶点交集和PPI网络,筛选出QZTB治疗肥胖的重要靶点31个,其中AKT1、TNF-α和IL-6为核心靶点。槲皮素、落新妇苷、柚皮素和小檗碱可能是QZTB防治肥胖的关键成分。GO功能富集分析主要作用于细胞迁移的正调控、细胞对化学应激的反应生物过程、膜筏细胞成分和转录因子结合等分子功能途径,KEGG通路富集分析提示主要涉及晚期糖基化终产物及受体(advanced glycation end products-receptor for advanced glycation end products,AGE-RAGE)信号通路、脂质与动脉粥样硬化和胰岛素抵抗等通路。与模型组比较,QZTB可以明显改善雄性肥胖小鼠肝组织病变,明显升高AKT1的mRNA表达水平(P<0.01),显著降低TNF-α和IL-6的mRNA表达水平(P<0.01,P<0.001)。[结论]QZTB可通过槲皮素、落新妇苷、柚皮素和小檗碱等活性成分,调控AKT1、TNF-α和IL-6等靶点表达,从而达到治疗肥胖的效果,为进一步探究临床治疗肥胖型痛风提供了科学依据。展开更多
文摘目的基于质量源于设计(QbD)理念,优化板蓝根配方颗粒喷雾干燥工艺。方法结合信息熵赋值法,以喷干粉得粉率及尿苷、腺苷、鸟苷和(R,S)-告依春含量作为关键质量属性(CQAs),利用Plackett-Burman试验设计对进风温度、雾化压力、药液温度、进液速度和药液相对密度进行考察,筛选出关键工艺参数(CPPs),再运用中心点复合设计(Center Point Composite design,CCD)试验对筛出的CPPs进行优化,在二次多项式回归模型的基础上建立板蓝根配方颗粒喷雾干燥工艺设计空间,并加以验证。结果Plackett-Burman试验结果显示,药液相对密度和进液速度为该研究的关键工艺参数。CCD试验方差分析结果显示构建的模型具有显著性差异(P<0.01),失拟项不显著(P>0.05),表明模型预测能力良好。构建的CPPs优化设计空间为药液相对密度1.05-1.08,进液速度30%-40%。结论基于QbD理念建立的板蓝根配方颗粒喷雾干燥工艺设计空间,可提高其工艺的稳定性,有利于保障产品质量的一致性。
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 51239001,51179015,51409022 and 51509023the Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate under contract No.CX2015B348
文摘Laboratory experiments are performed to explore the response rule of a sandy beach profile under plunging wave on a non-uniform sediment-bed slope. The initial beach slope of combination of 1/10 and 1/20 is exposed to regular waves and cnoidal waves respectively. The free surface elevation, process of wave propagation, wave breaking, uprush and backwash and the change of a cross-shore beach profile are measured and recorded. The beach profile under the regular waves action exhibits two parts: a sandbar profile and a beach berm profile, and only one typical profile transformation under the cnoidal waves action is obtained, which is the beach berm profile. In the laboratory experiments, it is found that the beach states under wave action related to the previous factors. In addition, they are related to the characteristic of breaking waves such as the breaking intensity of the plunging wave. A concept about the characteristic angle of the plunging wave has been put forward through the observation and analysis of the phenomenon of the laboratory experiment. A qualitative analysis about the sediment transport carrying by currents generated from the plunging wave and the state of beach profile under the wave action has been done. The quantitative analysis about the relationship between the characteristic angle and Irribarren number has been done. An available formula of equilibrium states for the sandy beach induced by the plunging wave has been established based on the relationship between Irribarren number and the beach profile. By fitting these experimental results and others' experimental results to three lines, the three fitting coefficients can be calculated in their formula respectively. The recommended empirical formulas can divide three states of a beach morphology profile obviously, which include a depositive beach, an erosive beach and an intermediate beach.
文摘[目的]基于网络药理预测祛浊通痹方(Quzhuo Tongbi,QZTB)治疗肥胖的有效成分和潜在机制,并采用肥胖模型小鼠验证其效果。[方法]利用中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform,TCMSP)筛选QZTB有效成分及靶点,检索DrugBank、人类基因组注释数据库(Human Genome Annotation Database,GeneCards)和在线人类孟德尔遗传(Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man,OMIM)数据库收集肥胖的相关靶点,利用Venny 2.1在线平台筛选QZTB治疗肥胖的交集靶点,并制作韦恩图,根据STRING 11.5数据库构建蛋白互作(protein-protein interaction,PPI)网络图,借助网络拓扑分析(Cytoscape network centrality analysis,CytoNCA)插件筛选QZTB治疗肥胖的核心靶点。利用Cytoscape 3.8.2软件建立“中药-成分-靶点-疾病”模型,筛选QZTB治疗肥胖的有效成分,并基于Metascape在线数据库对交集靶点进行基因本体(gene ontology,GO)功能和京都基因和基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomics,KEGG)通路富集分析,通过Python对结果进行可视化。将C57BL/6雄性小鼠随机分为空白组、模型组和QZTB组,通过高脂饲料诱导肥胖模型,灌胃给药10周后分离肝脏组织进行病理学检查,采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction,Real-time qPCR)法检测肝组织丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶1(serine/threonine protein kinase 1,AKT1)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)和白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)的mRNA表达水平。[结果]通过靶点交集和PPI网络,筛选出QZTB治疗肥胖的重要靶点31个,其中AKT1、TNF-α和IL-6为核心靶点。槲皮素、落新妇苷、柚皮素和小檗碱可能是QZTB防治肥胖的关键成分。GO功能富集分析主要作用于细胞迁移的正调控、细胞对化学应激的反应生物过程、膜筏细胞成分和转录因子结合等分子功能途径,KEGG通路富集分析提示主要涉及晚期糖基化终产物及受体(advanced glycation end products-receptor for advanced glycation end products,AGE-RAGE)信号通路、脂质与动脉粥样硬化和胰岛素抵抗等通路。与模型组比较,QZTB可以明显改善雄性肥胖小鼠肝组织病变,明显升高AKT1的mRNA表达水平(P<0.01),显著降低TNF-α和IL-6的mRNA表达水平(P<0.01,P<0.001)。[结论]QZTB可通过槲皮素、落新妇苷、柚皮素和小檗碱等活性成分,调控AKT1、TNF-α和IL-6等靶点表达,从而达到治疗肥胖的效果,为进一步探究临床治疗肥胖型痛风提供了科学依据。