The management of diabetes mellitus is based on lifestyle and dietary measures suggesting the consumption of foods with a low glycemic index. The present study was conducted in order to propose food formulas based on ...The management of diabetes mellitus is based on lifestyle and dietary measures suggesting the consumption of foods with a low glycemic index. The present study was conducted in order to propose food formulas based on white rice and white beans resulting in a lower glycemic response. For this, food formulations based on these foods were first made, in particular the formulation [75% white rice + 25% white beans] and the formulation [50% rice + 50% white beans]. Then, the biochemical composition of white rice, white bean and these two formulations was determined by the usual methods. Finally, their glycemic responses over 120 minutes were studied by the FAO/ WHO 1998 method. The results showed that white rice [100% white rice] had the highest carbohydrate content (54.61%) followed respectively by the formulation [75% white rice + 25% white bean] (45.69%), the white bean [100% white bean] (29.1%) and the formulation [50% white rice + 50% white bean] (26.16%). In terms of glycemic responses, the formulation [50% white rice + 50% white beans] presented the best evolution with a lower peak (6.041 mmol/L) observed at T45<sub>min</sub> and a lower postprandial glycemia (4.872 mmol/ L) at T120<sub>min</sub>. An increase in the proportion of beans is therefore recommended as it may suggest a beneficial metabolic effect.展开更多
Effects of maternal dietary zinc deficiency on prenatal and postnatal brain development were investigated in ICR strain mice. From d 1 of pregnancy (E0) until postnatal d 20 (P20), maternal mice were fed experimental ...Effects of maternal dietary zinc deficiency on prenatal and postnatal brain development were investigated in ICR strain mice. From d 1 of pregnancy (E0) until postnatal d 20 (P20), maternal mice were fed experimental diets that contained 1 mg Zn/kg/day (severe zinc deficient, SZD), 5 mg Zn/kg/day (marginal zinc deficient, MZD), 30 mg Zn/kg/day (zinc adequately supplied, ZA) or 100 mg Zn/kg/day (zinc supplemented, ZS and pair-fed, PF). Brains of offspring from these dietary groups were examined at various developmental stages for expression of nestin, an intermediate filament protein found in neural stem cells and young neurons. Immunocytochemistry showed nestin expression in neural tube 10.5 d post citrus (dpc) as well as in the cerebral cortex and neural tube from 10.5 dpc to postnatal d 10 (P10). Nestin immunoreactivities in both brain and neural tube of those zinc-supplemented control groups (ZA, ZS, PF) were stronger than those in zinc-deficient groups (SZD and MZD). Western blot analysis confirmed that nestin levels in pooled brain extracts from each of the zinc-supplemented groups (ZA, ZS, PF) were much higher than those from the zinc-deficient groups (SZD and MZD) from 10.5 dpc to P10. Immunostaining and Western blots showed no detectable nestin in any of the experimental and control group brains after P20. These observations of an association between maternal zinc deficiency and decreased nestin protein levels in brains of offspring suggest that zinc deficiency suppresses development of neural stem cells, an effect which may lead to neuroanatomical and behavioral abnormalities in adults.展开更多
The effects of climate change have had a major impact on forage availability in the Sahel and Saharan regions of Chad in recent years. This has led to the migration of farmers in search of long-distance grazing, thus ...The effects of climate change have had a major impact on forage availability in the Sahel and Saharan regions of Chad in recent years. This has led to the migration of farmers in search of long-distance grazing, thus impacting the potential of the animals to produce good quality milk and meat. It is with this in mind that this study was conducted on the knowledge of feeding practices of animals in the provinces of Wadi-Fira and West-Ennedi (Chad) during the lean period. More specifically, it is a question of collecting some information on the plants consumed by the animals and the way in which the breeders formulate the food ration of their herds in times of deficit. It emerges from this investigation that the herds of animals in the province of Wadi-Fira faced with forage deficit and adapted by consuming the leaves, fruits and seeds of certain tropical plants such as Capparis decidua, Ziziphus mauritiana, Balanites aegyptiaca, Acacia tortilis, Boscia senegalensis, Salvadora percica and Tribulis terristris to compensate for food shortages. This same observation was made in the province of West-Ennedi, since this area is desert with annual precipitation of 150 mm. Natural pasture is only available around water points (ouadis and oasis) in a small area with a high number of herds. Thus, the herds also face a drastic lack of grazing during the deficit periods. However, they adapt by consuming the leaves, fruits and seeds of plants such as Bauhinia sp., Boscia senegalenis, Acacia tortilis, Tribulis terristris, Boscia angustifolia, Bicoma tomentosa, Blepharis linarifolia and Aristida funiculata during lean periods to meet their food requirements. The formulation of the feed ration for animals differs from one area to another. It is mainly based on residues from cereals such as millet (Panicum miliaceum) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor).展开更多
The objective of this study is the valorization of downgraded dates from a high Algerian date variety <span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></i></span><i><i><span style...The objective of this study is the valorization of downgraded dates from a high Algerian date variety <span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Deglet Nour</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></i></i><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, locally called “</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">h’chef</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">”. The work starts with the implementation of a food formulation of semi-candied dat</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">es in syrup extracted from dates. This formulation was based on dehydration-impregnation by immersion (D.I.I.). The downgraded dates were cleaned, cut, blanched, and then immersed in date syrups with increasing differential</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> concentrations in Brix degrees: 65</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">°</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, 70</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">°</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">and</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 75</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">°</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The chosen date/syrup immersion ratio is 1:2 (w/w). The obtained semi-candied dates were the subject of physicochemical and sensory analyses. The characterization of the downgraded dates before immersion showed high sugar content with a rate </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">52.67</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> g% g of dry matter and low water content (14%) which favors their use in semi-candied products. The </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">physico-chemical</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">analyses</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> results of the three semi-candied dates products show an increase in their final sugar content, </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i.e.</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></i></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> from 53.55% to 60.78% and in ashes between 1</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">76 p.cent and 1</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">94 p.cent. On the other hand, sensory analysis results confirm that the semi-candied dates with a syrup of 75</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">°</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Brix present the most appreciated and preferable organoleptic characteristics than the other variables. Finally, following appertisation, the stability test </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">reveal</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> good microbiological quality (100</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">°</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C for 20 minutes) of the three (3) semi-candied formulations of dates.</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Thus, the valorization of the “</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">h’chef</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">” as sorting gap <i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Deglet Nour</span></i></i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> date allowed its transformation into semi-candied dates, stable, appreciable on the organoleptic side. This new formulation could constitute a value-added product if eventually manufactured on an industrial scale, mainly in southern Algeria.</span>展开更多
文摘The management of diabetes mellitus is based on lifestyle and dietary measures suggesting the consumption of foods with a low glycemic index. The present study was conducted in order to propose food formulas based on white rice and white beans resulting in a lower glycemic response. For this, food formulations based on these foods were first made, in particular the formulation [75% white rice + 25% white beans] and the formulation [50% rice + 50% white beans]. Then, the biochemical composition of white rice, white bean and these two formulations was determined by the usual methods. Finally, their glycemic responses over 120 minutes were studied by the FAO/ WHO 1998 method. The results showed that white rice [100% white rice] had the highest carbohydrate content (54.61%) followed respectively by the formulation [75% white rice + 25% white bean] (45.69%), the white bean [100% white bean] (29.1%) and the formulation [50% white rice + 50% white bean] (26.16%). In terms of glycemic responses, the formulation [50% white rice + 50% white beans] presented the best evolution with a lower peak (6.041 mmol/L) observed at T45<sub>min</sub> and a lower postprandial glycemia (4.872 mmol/ L) at T120<sub>min</sub>. An increase in the proportion of beans is therefore recommended as it may suggest a beneficial metabolic effect.
基金grants from National Basic Research Program (G 1999054000) andNational Natural Science FOundation of China (No.39770643, 398702
文摘Effects of maternal dietary zinc deficiency on prenatal and postnatal brain development were investigated in ICR strain mice. From d 1 of pregnancy (E0) until postnatal d 20 (P20), maternal mice were fed experimental diets that contained 1 mg Zn/kg/day (severe zinc deficient, SZD), 5 mg Zn/kg/day (marginal zinc deficient, MZD), 30 mg Zn/kg/day (zinc adequately supplied, ZA) or 100 mg Zn/kg/day (zinc supplemented, ZS and pair-fed, PF). Brains of offspring from these dietary groups were examined at various developmental stages for expression of nestin, an intermediate filament protein found in neural stem cells and young neurons. Immunocytochemistry showed nestin expression in neural tube 10.5 d post citrus (dpc) as well as in the cerebral cortex and neural tube from 10.5 dpc to postnatal d 10 (P10). Nestin immunoreactivities in both brain and neural tube of those zinc-supplemented control groups (ZA, ZS, PF) were stronger than those in zinc-deficient groups (SZD and MZD). Western blot analysis confirmed that nestin levels in pooled brain extracts from each of the zinc-supplemented groups (ZA, ZS, PF) were much higher than those from the zinc-deficient groups (SZD and MZD) from 10.5 dpc to P10. Immunostaining and Western blots showed no detectable nestin in any of the experimental and control group brains after P20. These observations of an association between maternal zinc deficiency and decreased nestin protein levels in brains of offspring suggest that zinc deficiency suppresses development of neural stem cells, an effect which may lead to neuroanatomical and behavioral abnormalities in adults.
文摘The effects of climate change have had a major impact on forage availability in the Sahel and Saharan regions of Chad in recent years. This has led to the migration of farmers in search of long-distance grazing, thus impacting the potential of the animals to produce good quality milk and meat. It is with this in mind that this study was conducted on the knowledge of feeding practices of animals in the provinces of Wadi-Fira and West-Ennedi (Chad) during the lean period. More specifically, it is a question of collecting some information on the plants consumed by the animals and the way in which the breeders formulate the food ration of their herds in times of deficit. It emerges from this investigation that the herds of animals in the province of Wadi-Fira faced with forage deficit and adapted by consuming the leaves, fruits and seeds of certain tropical plants such as Capparis decidua, Ziziphus mauritiana, Balanites aegyptiaca, Acacia tortilis, Boscia senegalensis, Salvadora percica and Tribulis terristris to compensate for food shortages. This same observation was made in the province of West-Ennedi, since this area is desert with annual precipitation of 150 mm. Natural pasture is only available around water points (ouadis and oasis) in a small area with a high number of herds. Thus, the herds also face a drastic lack of grazing during the deficit periods. However, they adapt by consuming the leaves, fruits and seeds of plants such as Bauhinia sp., Boscia senegalenis, Acacia tortilis, Tribulis terristris, Boscia angustifolia, Bicoma tomentosa, Blepharis linarifolia and Aristida funiculata during lean periods to meet their food requirements. The formulation of the feed ration for animals differs from one area to another. It is mainly based on residues from cereals such as millet (Panicum miliaceum) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor).
文摘The objective of this study is the valorization of downgraded dates from a high Algerian date variety <span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Deglet Nour</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></i></i><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, locally called “</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">h’chef</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">”. The work starts with the implementation of a food formulation of semi-candied dat</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">es in syrup extracted from dates. This formulation was based on dehydration-impregnation by immersion (D.I.I.). The downgraded dates were cleaned, cut, blanched, and then immersed in date syrups with increasing differential</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> concentrations in Brix degrees: 65</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">°</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, 70</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">°</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">and</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 75</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">°</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The chosen date/syrup immersion ratio is 1:2 (w/w). The obtained semi-candied dates were the subject of physicochemical and sensory analyses. The characterization of the downgraded dates before immersion showed high sugar content with a rate </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">52.67</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> g% g of dry matter and low water content (14%) which favors their use in semi-candied products. The </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">physico-chemical</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">analyses</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> results of the three semi-candied dates products show an increase in their final sugar content, </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i.e.</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></i></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> from 53.55% to 60.78% and in ashes between 1</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">76 p.cent and 1</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">94 p.cent. On the other hand, sensory analysis results confirm that the semi-candied dates with a syrup of 75</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">°</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Brix present the most appreciated and preferable organoleptic characteristics than the other variables. Finally, following appertisation, the stability test </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">reveal</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> good microbiological quality (100</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">°</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C for 20 minutes) of the three (3) semi-candied formulations of dates.</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Thus, the valorization of the “</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">h’chef</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">” as sorting gap <i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Deglet Nour</span></i></i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> date allowed its transformation into semi-candied dates, stable, appreciable on the organoleptic side. This new formulation could constitute a value-added product if eventually manufactured on an industrial scale, mainly in southern Algeria.</span>