Effects of Dropsonde Data in Field Campaigns on Forecasts of Tropical Cyclones over the Western North Pacific in 2020 and the Role of CNOP Sensitivity

Valuable dropsonde data were obtained from multiple field campaigns targeting tropical cyclones,namely Higos,Nangka,Saudel,and Atsani,over the western North Pacific by the Hong Kong Observatory and Taiwan Central Weather Bureau in 2020.The conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation(CNOP)method has been utilized in real-time to identify the sensitive regions for targeting observations adhering to the procedure of real-time field campaigns for the first time.The observing system experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of dropsonde data and CNOP sensitivity on TC forecasts in terms of track and intensity,using the Weather Research and Forecasting model.It is shown that the impact of assimilating all dropsonde data on both track and intensity forecasts is case-dependent.However,assimilation using only the dropsonde data inside the sensitive regions displays unanimously positive effects on both the track and intensity forecast,either of which obtains comparable benefits to or greatly reduces deterioration of the skill when assimilating all dropsonde data.Therefore,these results encourage us to further carry out targeting observations for the forecast of tropical cyclones according to CNOP sensitivity.

Research on the Deep Integration Mechanism of National Fitness Campaign and College Physical Education Teaching:Taking Guangdong University of Science and Technology as an Example

By using the methods of literature review,questionnaire survey,and expert interview,this paper discusses and analyzes the deep integration mechanism of national fitness campaign and college physical education teaching,in order to promote the development of college physical education teaching reform,expand ideas,explore new fields,and provide novel development directions.The purpose is to enhance the national physical quality,improve the public service system,enhance the health awareness of the citizens,and provide guidelines for promoting the development of sports.

The Impact of Community-Based Awareness Campaigns on the Early Breast Examination among Women at King Faisal University

Background and Objective: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer between females in Saudi Arabia, the eastern area ranked as the first in the incidence rate. As the breast cancer awareness movement has expanded, majority of the new cases are still diagnosed in a later stage. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of breast cancer awareness campaigns on the knowledge and practice of early breast examination (EBE) which consisted of breast-self examination (BSE), clinical breast examination (CBE) and mammography, among women at King Faisal University. Methodology: A cross-sectional study carried out at King Faisal University, Al-Hassa city on a sample of 300 adult females from different urban and rural areas. A pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire was distributed to the participants. The questionnaire contains questions about: socio-demographic factors, awareness campaigns, practice and knowledge of breast cancer and early screening methods. Results: The age of the participants ranged from 16 to 60 years;53% of the participants have attended campaigns;and 47% have never attended. Regarding the practice of BSE, CBE and mammography, the results were 8.8%, 3.3%, and 4.3%, respectively. The results show a significant relation between attending campaigns and good level of practice and knowledge. Conclusion and Recommendation: The findings indicate a great impact of the community-based awareness campaigns on the practice of EBE. The study recommends a multilevel intervention for every age group, specially the age group that at risk.

Public Health Campaigns and Medicine Use Awareness: A Systematic Literature Review

This study investigates the medicine awareness, which can be defined as the increase in knowledge and understanding of the general public on appropriate medicine use. Objective: To identify the characteristics of Public Health campaigns that focus on medicine use and/or medicine awareness. Study Design: Systematic review focusing on pre- and post-campaign surveys. Methods: Electronic databases: PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Knowledge, Scopus, Global Health, and Google Scholar were searched. Articles within the last 10 years, with a focus on adults over the age of 18 were used to report findings. Results: A total of 4336 studies were reviewed after which eight were identified, which focused on medicines use and/or awareness. Most campaigns emphasized the knowledge and understanding of patients on the importance of appropriate medicine use and drew a comparison from pre- to post-campaign results. A limited number of Public Health campaigns demonstrated an increase in the level of medicines use awareness of patients. Various tools were used to portray the message across in the campaigns. These included, video, written information, face to face approaches, as well as educational games. Four studies demonstrated a statistically significant increase, in awareness of the public in regards to medication. However, the remaining studies were not successful in portraying a significant impact. Conclusion: Most campaigns demonstrated a limited increase in level of medicine use awareness in their post-campaign surveys. The results support the need for a comprehensive Public Health campaign that focuses on medicine use.

Mammography during Breast Cancer Awareness Month Campaigns in Lomé(Togo): In Relation to 1074 Cases over a Period of 5 Years

Background: This study aimed to describe the results of mammography done during breast cancer awareness campaigns in Lomé. Methods: This was a retrospective multicenter study which focused on the analysis of mammographic examinations, with or without breast ultrasound, carried out in three (3) clinics in Lomé over a period of five (5) years during the breast cancer awareness month (Pink October) campaigns. We included in our study women of all ages who underwent a mammography during the study period. Additional ultrasound was performed as needed in some women to better characterize a lesion. The parameters studied were socio-demographic data, and aspects of breast lesions. We classified the lesions in order of severity according to the BI-RADS classification. Results: During the study we counted one thousand and seventy-four (1074) women who underwent mammography examinations, corresponding to an average of 214.8 women per year. The median age of the women was 46 years. The most represented age group was 40 - 49, constituting 30% of cases. Mammography was performed on all women and ultrasound was performed on 51.3% of women. Lesions suspicious for malignancy (BI-RADS IV) and lesions highly suggestive of malignancy (BI-RADS V) represented 3.5% and 1.9% of cases respectively, amounting to a prevalence of 5.4%. They occurred more frequently from the age of 30 years with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.02). These lesions could be identified on mammograms as masses with irregular shapes and spiculated margins representing 16.1% and 9.7% of masses respectively. On ultrasound, these were solid masses with irregular and ill-defined borders, representing 25.2% and 5.2% of solid masses respectively. Lesions suspicious for malignancy were most often found in the UOQ (upper outer quadrant) in 70% of cases. Conclusion: Mammography screening for breast cancer remains a necessity in our community, even if the rate of cancer detected remains low. It allows for early diagnosis of cancers, promoting better management.

Fighting to Complete the “Three Campaigns” of the Machine-Building Industry While Furthering the Opening

The machine-building industry involves a great variety of trades, providing service and technological equipment for a great number of sectors of a nation’s economy. The level of its development usually reflects the extent and level of the national industrialization. To enumerate the major ones, about 13 trades in China’s machine-building industry are under the direct administration of the Ministry of the Machine-building Industry, such as automobiles and motorcycles, electrical engineering and devices, heavy mining machines, petrochemical general machines,machine tools,machinery basic parts,instrumentation and meters,

Then and Now： A Content Analysis of Media Used in the Presidential Election Campaigns of Kennedy and Obama

American campaigning has become increasingly complex as it adjusts to our ever-changing cultural landscape. The use of electronic media in the presidential campaigns of 1960 and 2008 is illustrative of this shift. A content analysis of these two campaigns demonstrates how each applied the newest technologies available at the time to define the candidate＇s image and export the messages to the electorate. Whether it be Kennedy＇s use of television or Obama＇s usage of social media, the role that new media of the day played in both campaigns clearly set the tone for future political campaigns. This examination of the role of media in both elections serves to form a primer for how the successful applications of new media lead to campaign victory. Then and now, the growing influence of new technologies on campaigning makes it necessary to compare and contrast the successful usages and strategies employed. The need for continuing analysis will grow in the coming years.

Contributions of the Measles Follow-Up Vaccination Campaign to Improving the Vaccination Coverage of Children Aged 6 - 59 Months in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2019

Background: In accordance with its measles elimination strategic plan 2012-2020, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) organized a follow-up vaccination campaign against measles from October to December 2019 in 26 provinces. This study aims to establish the contribution of this supplementary vaccination campaign to protecting children against measles. Methods: The survey was carried out in November 2020 among households of the DRC, according to the 2018 revised version of the World Health Organization’s stratified cluster sampling method, using multiple stage sampling. It targeted 280 children aged 6 - 59 months per stratum or province, with 10 children in each of the 28 selected clusters. Data collection using tablets with centralized and real-time data processing was preceded by enumeration to refine the household sampling frame. Clusters and households were selected by random draw. Data collected with CS Pro 7 software were analyzed with SPSS, Epi info 7 and Excel software to determine indicators and make before-after comparisons using the McNemar test, at a precision threshold of 5%. Results: Of the 8535 surveyed children, 89.5% were vaccinatedduring the follow-up campaign and 81.6% were vaccinated before. Only 3.7% had correctly completed campaign vaccination cards. Estimated vaccination coverage increased from 80.8% before the campaign to 92.6% after the campaign (p 0.001). Vaccination coverage after campaign against measles improved in all provinces (p < 0.001) except Bas-Uele and Maniema. Thirteen provinces reached the national coverage target of 95%, compared to five before the campaign. The proportion of zero-dose children dropped significantly after this campaign from 19.2% to 7.4% (p 0.001), and even fell below 1% in six provinces. Conclusion: This measles vaccination campaign improved overall vaccination coverage by 10% and reached more unvaccinated children. Efforts must continue to improve the retention of vaccination card, the adherence of unvaccinated children and the effectiveness of routine vaccination.

Women in China's Anti-Poverty campaigns

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作为公共关系的竞选:印人党获取政权合法性的话语建构

政治竞选是一个政党争取人民认可,而人民赋予其权力并接受其统治的过程,政党通过竞选实现政权合法化。话语幻象分析揭示了政党将主观转变为客观,将幻象转化为真实的社会过程。印度作为南亚头号强国,大选历来备受关注。2024年的印度大选被认为是没有多少悬念的选举,这与莫迪及印人党的强势崛起有很大关系。出现这种情势的转折点是2019年莫迪与印人党采取了非常成功的“话语幻象术”,使其领导的全国民主联盟第二次获得执政权。在2019年大选期间,印度人民党和印度国民大会党都拥有“支持”或“反对”两种立场鲜明的声音。不同立场的话语对印度各邦、各民族、政党、群体和个人都产生了不同的影响。研究2019年印度竞选是一种探究印人党对于2024年乃至未来政权合法化一般叙事规则的有益尝试。以政治公共关系中的政治竞选理论和话语幻象理论为基础,运用话语幻象的三维分析框架——历史、语言和符号行为以及社会影响解构话语的内核,分析竞选话语如何被操纵并影响选民决策,从而解释印人党在选举过程中为什么能比国大党建构起更高的政权合法性。印人党比国大党更擅于利用一些修辞手法将非常主观和对立的概念合理化,给大众造成强烈的幻象,影响选民对事实的判断,使得多数选民相信印人党的宣传版本。话语幻象完成了政权合法性的建构,但同时也加剧了印度国内民众的身份二元对立和社会仇恨。

清末“切音字运动”的汉字繁难理论与教育普及观念

清朝末年,中华民族危于累卵,变革图强成为困厄时代的核心旋律。汉字繁难是阻碍教育普及的重要原因,选择表意或表音何种文字作为教育普及的基本工具、如何处理迫在眉睫的扫盲教育与渊懿浩博的国粹传承之间的矛盾关系成为考验民族智慧的重大历史抉择。“切音字运动”关于全民教育、实用教育、免费教育、强制教育、女子教育等颇富开创意义的先进理念,直接推动了近代教育的发展进程。在当前文化自信的宏观视域下,客观审视清末内忧外患悲惨际遇下的时代论断,具有重要的理论价值与实践价值。

廉洁文化维度下淮海战役精神探析

人心向背是淮海战役胜利的决定因素,廉洁是淮海战役精神的本色。分析了中国共产党廉洁精神的内涵,并阐述了廉洁文化维度下淮海战役胜利的必然性;提出新时代大学生应传承弘扬淮海战役精神,担负起实现中华民族伟大复兴的时代重任。

拉丁化新文字运动的优胜推行策略研究

在拉丁化新文字运动出现之前,清末以来的一系列拼音化文字的社会推行均未达到预期愿景。而凭借相对优胜的推行策略,拉丁化新文字则取得了较为显著的传习效果。这些推行策略包括:社会文化界知名人士不遗余力地宣传,极大地提升了拉丁化新文字的影响;在官方政策保障方面,拉丁化新文字运动得到中国共产党的引领与支持,使其获得与汉字同等的法律地位;在危机处理方面,拉丁化新文字运动的宣传者们巧妙借助远东华工扫盲运动、大众语运动、民族解放运动、国语罗马字运动等各种力量,使其在逆境中得以发展。新中国成立后,随着《汉语拼音方案》的制定和颁布,拉丁化新文字逐渐退出历史舞台。在彼时剧烈的社会变革中,拉丁化新文字运动已超越语言学范畴,而承载了复杂的政治要素和文化要素。

在“同一健康”下浙江省病媒生物可持续控制“无四害村”的实践

目的系统总结浙江省农村病媒生物可持续控制的实践经验。方法回顾“同一健康”(One Health)理念和媒介生物可持续控制策略的提出和变迁,阐述浙江实践的依据、前提、基础和发展历程。结果从“无蚊村”“无蝇村”“无蚊蝇村”“无四害村”再到“无蚊单位”建设,提出了农村病媒生物可持续控制创新理念,强调的是“环境—宿主媒介—人类健康”。结论浙江农村病媒生物可持续控制探索是媒介生物及相关传染病可持续控制策略的成功实践,在当前全球严峻的病媒生物性传染病防控形势下,需要全球各部门合作和统一行动。政府首先应该负起责任,整治健康环境。新时代爱国卫生运动应该从城市扩展到农村,进一步提高农村健康环境,为传染病防控服务。

“权宜性精准迎检”:因应创建示范量化考核的策略——基于吉林省C市“幸福小区”创建评审的调查

对创建示范项目进行科学合理的评估验收是检验政策执行成果、总结经验教训、开展复制推广的必备环节。创建示范主体展现的迎检成果通常并不是创建实践的真实反馈,而是基于迎检策略的技术性生产结果。通过提炼“权宜性精准迎检”概念,阐释基层政策执行者以量化考核得分点和赋分规则为标靶,权宜性地制定脱离真实创建过程、精准对应量化指标并获取高分的迎检策略。基于对吉林省C市“幸福小区”创建评审工作的参与式调研,描述“权宜性精准迎检”的实践过程,并解析此种迎检策略产生和施展的逻辑。“权宜性精准迎检”已经成为创建示范功能释放的梗阻,因此,应坚持“以人民为中心”的创建示范活动宗旨,采取根本性措施予以破解。

基于微分博弈的三级供应链质量改进研究

基于微分博弈理论,从质量管理角度出发探讨在分散式决策与集中式决策两个场景下的不同表现。通过算例分析比较场景下的最优策略。结果表明,在质量改进和广告宣传方面,制造商采用了一致的策略。然而,在集中决策下供应链整体系统能够取得最大收益。

运动式治理:一种中国特色的动员机制

运动式治理根植于中国传统政治,并以其在当代中国国家和地方治理中的广泛存在成为了中国公共管理的关键词。作为治理体制的运动指向传统帝国治理逻辑,作为治理机制的运动是常规科层治理失灵或低效的应对方案而指向政策执行工具。运动式治理机制与科层治理存在替代、互补、协同等关系,是当代中国革命、建设、发展的重要经验,体现了中国国家治理的制度优势和治理效能。不过,运动式治理机制也因层层加码、目标歪曲而面临有效性困境和合法性悖论,未来应向规范化、法治化、制度化、长效化的路径转型,并据此构建运动式治理的公共目标限度和技术、规范,程序规限机制。运动式治理具有鲜明的中国特色,也与科层制、动员政治、整体性治理存在深度关联,在发展中国家和发达国家都有广泛适用的空间,是观照全球公共治理因而兼具特殊性与普遍性的知识概念和治理机制。

长江三角洲地区高空云过程气溶胶——云相互作用的观测研究

气溶胶—云相互作用过程对于评估大气云和气溶胶的寿命及气候效应至关重要。目前关于气溶胶—云相互作用的研究主要以飞机航测、卫星反演和模式模拟为主,地基直接观测由于布置难度大、实验时间长、人力物力耗费等原因开展得较少。当前针对气溶胶—云相互作用机制的理解还比较低,亟需外场观测资料深入认识其过程。本研究以长江三角洲地区高山站点的云雾为背景,利用雾滴谱仪、地用逆流虚拟撞击器、混合凝聚核粒子计数器、扫描电迁移率颗粒物粒径谱仪等仪器,研究了大明山顶(海拔1483 m)7月份多云雾期间云滴和气溶胶的特性,探讨了气溶胶对云形成和发展的影响以及云对气溶胶颗粒物的清除作用。云形成初期对气溶胶颗粒物的清除率约为20%~50%。研究显示水汽过饱和度越高且颗粒物粒径越大,清除率越高,这表明粒径较大的吸湿性颗粒物容易活化为云凝结核。对比同一云雾事件中气溶胶数浓度差异较大的三个阶段,我们发现较低的气溶胶数浓度有利于形成液态水含量高的浓云,此时云团由数量相对较少而粒径大的云滴组成,而大气颗粒物数量增多会使云雾变淡,此时的云团由大量细小的云滴组成。本研究分析了8μm以上云滴的云凝结核数量分布特征,发现大云滴的云凝结核几乎都是100 nm以上的颗粒物;随着气溶胶数浓度升高,8μm以上大云滴的数量减少,且大云滴云凝结核的平均直径变大。这些结果显示气溶胶数浓度升高会促使云滴的数量增多而等效直径变小,在水汽有限的自然环境中,气溶胶数浓度越高,颗粒物的临界活化直径越大。总之,我们发现大气气溶胶的数浓度—粒径分布特性影响着云滴的数量和粒径,云的形成和发展也对气溶胶颗粒物有较强的清除作用。

中国社交媒体控烟宣传运动效果初探

目的通过对社交媒体控烟辩论宣传运动效果研究,为未来实施更为有效的控烟宣传运动和控烟工作提供事实依据及可靠建议。方法采用问卷调查法,对宣传运动信息接触者和非信息接触者在认知、态度和行为3个层面的差异进行对比。结果总体来看,接触过宣传运动信息的人群在知识、态度和行为3个层面均好于没有接触过宣传运动信息的人群。具体来说,在认知层面的3个指标中,信息接触者积极比例均高于非信息接触者,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在态度层面7个指标中,信息接触者积极比例均高于非信息接触者。除了“学校应该100%禁烟”(P=0.125)指标测量结果差异无统计学意义外,其他6组差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在行为层面,无论是吸烟者还是非吸烟者,信息接触者积极比例均高于非信息接触者,除了“与家人、朋友或者同学分享烟草危害信息”指标,接触信息吸烟者(79.84%)低于没有接触信息吸烟者(82.05%),但差异无统计学意义(P=0.239)。结论社交媒体控烟辩论宣传运动在提高大众烟草危害认知、改善烟草控制态度、促进健康行为上有良好效果。未来控烟宣传运动要提高对社交媒体的利用以及对非吸烟群体的重视。

上海市基层爱国卫生服务现状调查研究

目的:系统描述上海市基层爱国卫生服务现况,为改善上海市基层爱国卫生服务提出针对性建议。方法:采用随机整群抽样法,从上海市中心城区(A区和B区)和非中心城区(C区和D区)各抽取5个街道开展问卷调查。结果:纳入分析5038人,郊区居民感知的“四害”(苍蝇、蚊子、老鼠、蟑螂)防治效果、相关卫生行为状况、场所卫生状况郊区均较城区差,郊区居民对近一年基层开展的爱国卫生相关服务表示满意的比例也低于城区;建成时间在10年以内的小区居民对相关卫生行为状况中随地吐痰现象、场所(周边环境、菜场或超市环境、背街小巷、工地附近、小区垃圾处置点、小饭店、小熟食店、小理发店等)卫生状况、近一年社区开展的爱国卫生相关服务表示满意的比例最低;小区建成时间在11~20年的居民反映“四害”防治效果、部分相关卫生行为状况(吸烟、乱扔垃圾、随地大小便、宠物粪便现象)比例最低;居民获取健康知识的渠道排序由高到低分别为新媒体、传统媒体、社区健康宣教栏、电子屏、社区健康教育咨询点或智慧小屋、亲友。结论:加强基层爱国卫生人才队伍建设,高效推进基层爱国卫生服务;完善爱国卫生法律法规,丰富健康教育活动,规范居民相关卫生行为;利用多种媒体深入宣传基层爱国卫生运动,提升居民对基层爱国卫生服务的满意度。