Performance analysis of heat pump based on a new solar air-source heat pump heating system

To further improve the utilization efficiency of solar energy and the performance of solar heat pump heating systems,a new heating mode of a solar air-source heat pump（SASHP）is proposed,and the characteristics and performance of the heat pump part of this new heating system are studied.Based on a SASHP with 10 kW,the mathematical model of this system is built,and the characteristics and performance are concluded from the simulation analysis at different environmental temperatures and output water temperatures.The results show that the performance of heat pumps can be greatly improved based on the new SASHP.When the environmental temperature is 7 ℃,the coefficient of performance（COP）of the air-source heat pump（ASHP）can be increased by 26% at most.This paper sets up a base for further study on the heating system with this new SASHP in the heating season.

Novel Radiation-Adjustable Heating Terminal Based on Flat Heat Pipe Combined with Air Source Heat Pump

The electrification of building heating is an effective way to meet the global carbon target. As a clean and sustainable electrified heating technology, air-source heat pumps (ASHPs) are widely used in areas lacking central heating. However, as a major component of space heating, heating terminals might not fit well with ASHP in order to achieve both intermittency and comfort. Therefore, this study proposes a novel radiation-adjustable heating terminal combined with an ASHP to achieve electrification, intermittency, and better thermal comfort. Radiant terminals currently suffer from three major problems: limited maximum heating capacity, inability to freely adapt, and difficulty with combining them with ASHPs. These problems were solved by improving the structural design of the novel terminal (Improvement A–E). Results showed that the maximum heating capacity increased by 23.6% and radiation heat transfer ratio from 10.1% to 30.9% was provided for users with the novel terminal. Further, new flat heat pipe (FHP) design improved stability (compressor oil return), intermittency (refrigerant thermal inertia), and safety (refrigerant leakage risk) by reducing the length of exposed refrigerant pipes. Furthermore, a new phased operation strategy was proposed for the novel terminal, and the adjustability of the terminal was improved. The results can be used as reference information for decarbonizing buildings by electrifying heating terminals.

Analysis of Power Quality Problems in Large-Scale Application of Air-Source Heat Pump

With the implementation of electric energy alternatives,the large-scale application of electric energy substitution represented by air-source heat pumps has replaced traditional coal-fired heating,which is beneficial for the environment and alleviates air pollution.However,the large-scale application of airsource heat pumps has brought power quality problems such as voltage sags,harmonic pollution,and three-phase imbalance to the distribution network.This paper studies the fixed-frequency and variablefrequency air-source heat pump,introduces its working principle,analyzes the mechanism of its power quality problem.Moreover,the paper establishes a simulation model for the fixed-frequency heat pump and variable-frequency heat pump to connect to the distribution network.This research mainly studies the impact of large-scale fixed-frequency heat pumps on the depth of voltage sags in the distribution network and the impact of large-scale variable-frequency heat pumps on the harmonic content of the distribution network under different penetration rates and uses measured data to verify the reliability of the simulation results.This paper uses experimental data for the first time to verify the real power quality problems of large-scale heat pumps,which can provide a reference for determining the power quality standards for heat pumps connected to the power grid.At the same time,it can also provide a reference for the power quality management of the distribution network that is actually connected to electric heating.

Research on Performance of Ground-Source Heat Pump Double U Underground Pipe Heat Exchange

This paper uses FLUENT software building the three-dimensional unsteady state model of ground source heat pump single U and double U underground pipe to study on heat exchange of underground pipe system in the condition of unsteady state long-term continuous running, analyzes the change of soil temperature filed around underground pipe and performance of underground pipe heat exchange between single U and double U pipe system. The results show that double U pipe system is better than single U system, which can improve unit depth heat exchange efficiency, reduce the number of wells and reduce the initial investment.

The noise spectral characteristics and noise reduction schemes of screw air-source heat pump:A case study

The screw air-source heat pump can cause incessant high noise levels during operation,which might hinder adoption of this energy-efficient heat pump.First,acoustic measurements and comparison testing were performed in this research.The measurements revealed that the compressor is the main noise source of the heat pump,and it shows a multipeak frequency distribution and a wide frequency spectrum under different work conditions,with multiple peaks at 63,250,and 1000 Hz.Then,a compressor sound insulation cover with broadband absorption was proposed,and it was experimentally proven that the insulation cover can reduce the maximum sound pressure level of one unit from 89.8 dBA to 79.1 dBA.Third,we proposed several noise reduction strategies and compared their noise reduction effects using computer simulation.The results showed that the noise problem can be effectively improved through the rational design of the sound barrier and the layout and opening options of heat pump.The distance between the sound barrier and heat pump and the sound attenuation due to diffraction ALa exhibit a U-shaped relation.For buildings of different heights,the optimal heights of noise barrier are proposed.The 5.5-meter is the optimal height of the sound barrier for single-story buildings.The conclusions can be applied to other building projects for heat pump noise reduction.

Refrigerant Control Strategies for Residential Air-Conditioning and Heat-Pump System

This paper simulated the optimal refrigerant charge inventory of a refrigeration system in air-conditioning operation and heat-pump operation respectively,and studied the refrigerant control strategies in this system.The void fraction in two-phase fluid region was calculated by Harms model.And based on distributed parameter model and Harms model,the refrigerant charge inventory in condenser and evaporator were calculated and analyzed in air-conditioning conditions and heat-pump conditions,respectively.The calculating results of different refrigerant mass between refrigeration and heating conditions indicate that the optimal refrigerant charge inventory in heat-pump conditions is lower than that in air-conditioning conditions.To avoid the decrease of COP due to the surplus refrigerant in heating conditions,we introduced the liquid reservoir control method and associate capillary control method.Both of them could increase the heating capacity of the air-source heat pump.The difference of optimal refrigerant charge inventory in air-conditioning and heat-pump system can be controlled by the liquid reservoir or the associate capillary.

中深层地埋管热泵供热系统运行特性实测研究

通过大量工程实测研究,总结了中深层地埋管热泵供热技术的运行特性。中深层地埋管具有出水温度高、取热功率大、长期运行稳定的特点,为热泵系统提供了高品位的低温热源,以提升其运行性能;同时中深层地埋管自身存在间歇蓄热特性,能很好地满足建筑供热需求变化与柔性用能;无级变频热泵机组更适合与中深层地埋管匹配运行,节能减排效果显著;热源侧水系统具有小流量、大扬程,且阻力随着流量变化而大幅度变化的特性。研究结果可为提升该技术的供热性能提供关键指导。

大型地埋管群地源热泵三维传热-渗流耦合模拟

为确定地下水渗流对大尺度、多分支埋管集群地源热泵系统换热区温度场和换热特性的影响,基于上海天文馆880个地埋管地源热泵场地,建立考虑地下水渗流和地质分层的三维传热-渗流耦合模型,并利用现场热响应试验对模型进行验证。结果表明:渗流作用引起管群内和支管群之间沿地下水流动方向发生温度干扰,89.5~120.3 m埋深范围内的温度干扰现象相对明显;地下水渗流有利于提高管群的换热总量,缩小夏季和冬季工况的换热量差距;换热量增加百分比随水力梯度的增加而增大,两者呈对数函数关系,当水力梯度大于0.005时,换热量增加百分比趋于平稳。

地埋管换热系统改造项目关键技术节点施工工艺研究

天津某管业公司建筑原采用常压燃气热水锅炉供热和分体式空调供冷,现拟以浅层地热能为基础能源对原供热制冷系统进行改造,施工前首先通过现场岩土热响应试验、地下管线探测等查明施工场地岩土体结构和换热能力,掌握地下综合管线的分布,并对建筑单位冷热负荷指标校正。重点阐述地埋管换热系统施工过程的关键技术节点,即竖直换热孔钻进、下管、回填及水平管线连接等,为类似改造项目提供参考。

竖进平出型地埋管群换热器结构与控制优化

【目的】为提高浅层地热能利用效率,亟须对影响地源热泵系统性能的地埋管换热器结构和控制开展优化设计。【方法】建立了一种竖进平出型地埋管群换热器模型,研究其换热系统性能,探究其最佳结构及运行方式。【结果】管群布置横纵比越低,单位面积换热量越大,横纵比超过0.15后对系统影响较小;换热器间距越小,土壤利用率越高,但热短路损失越大;双列双出型埋管每延米换热量相较于双列单出型结构提升7%以上;负荷较大工况下叉排布置结构的换热效果更好;整个夏季优化结构的平均出口温度下降2.28℃,换热器周围土壤温度下降1℃以上;实际运行过程中应优先考虑采用流速随负荷变化控制模式。【结论】研究结果可为地源热泵换热器的设计、制造提供理论依据。

超长重力热管联合热泵的地热利用系统热力经济性分析

深层地热资源储量巨大,采用超长重力热管取热技术对深层地热资源进行开采,将其与热泵系统联合为用户供热是一种高效利用深层地热资源的方法。针对如何调节不同参数下超长重力热管与热泵联合运行以期获得最佳热力经济性的问题,建立了系统热力经济性模型,研究了热泵系统蒸发温度、超长重力热管热阻、井深、地温梯度以及蒸发器面积不同的情况下系统热力经济性变化规律。结果表明存在一个最佳蒸发温度使供热成本最低,如在地温梯度30℃/km、井深3 000 m的条件下,最佳蒸发温度为-2℃;超长重力热管热阻越小或地温梯度越大时可实现供热成本越低且最佳蒸发温度越高;存在最佳的井深和蒸发器面积使得供热成本最低。研究结果可为优化超长重力热管在开采深层地热联合热泵系统性能方面提供理论指导。

土壤源热泵地埋管侧水系统优化运行研究

本文基于江苏无锡某典型厂房土壤源热泵空调项目的实测数据,以地源侧系统总能耗最低为目标,构建设备模型对地源水泵运行工况进行优化,并与两种传统控制策略的运行效果进行对比,据此提出进一步的优化建议。结果表明:基于负荷的优化控制策略,其节能效果要明显优于定频控制策略,冬夏季典型测试日平均节能率分别为28.33%和13.27%,相比于5℃温差变频策略节能了3.61%和2.21%。适当增大地埋管的埋管深度或管径,可以进一步提升该优化控制策略的节能效果。传统的定温差控制策略在负荷率大于60%时,可在5℃基础上将温差增加1~5℃以提升节能效果。

基于改进粒子群算法的中深层地源热泵供暖系统运行优化

构建变工况运行且包含蓄热装置的中深层地源热泵供暖系统,基于改进粒子群算法,分别以运行费用、系统COP和地热能利用系数为目标函数对系统运行进行优化,并对优化结果进行比较和分析。结果表明:对应目标函数优化后的运行费用、系统COP和地热能利用系数分别为279.27元、6.4420和0.8527。以系统COP为目标函数的优化效果与运行费用相反,而与地热能利用系数相近。

双管加温二氧化碳吹雾管在非体外循环不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术患者中的临床疗效

目的探讨双管加温二氧化碳吹雾管在非体外循环心脏不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCABG)患者中的临床疗效。方法收集2020年1月至2023年1月于首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院接受OPCABG治疗的122例患者的临床资料,按照治疗方式的不同将其分为常规组(n=61,采用常规术中吹雾管吹雾驱血技术)与加温组(n=61,采用双管加温二氧化碳吹雾管吹雾驱血技术)。比较两组患者术中吹雾管气雾温度、患者核心体温、患者术中心率变异率,统计两组患者术后恢复指标及术后并发症发生率。结果加温组患者接管2.5 min、吹雾15.0 min、吹雾30.0 min时吹雾管气雾温度均高于常规组患者;开心包即刻、吹雾3.0 min、关心包即刻、出室前加温组患者核心体温均高于常规组患者;吹雾3.0、10.0、20.0、30.0 min时,加温组患者心率变异率均低于常规组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。加温组患者抗生素使用时间、引流置管时间、呼吸机应用时间、留置动脉测压时间、术后住院时间均短于常规组患者,术后引流量低于常规组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。加温组患者术后肺感染发生率为3.28%(2/61),低于常规组患者的16.39%(10/61),差异有统计学意义(P=0.015)。结论OPCABG术中采用双管加温二氧化碳吹雾管技术能够有效减小患者术中温差变化幅度,减轻温差刺激诱发的过度心率变异率,有利于患者术后恢复,并可降低术后肺感染发生风险。

能量桩换热影响因素研究现状

随着供暖需求的不断增加,研究者开始探索利用地热能的更好方式。与中深层地源热泵相比,浅层地源热泵中的能量桩在良好换热效率的基础上,忽略了钻井过程,不需要占用额外的地下空间,可以与地下工程结构配合,解决了地源热泵系统在城市中占地广、造价高的两大主要问题。综述了能量桩换热影响因素(管型、循环介质流速、桩间距、地下水渗流、间歇运行方式以及土壤类型)的研究进展。研究发现,螺旋型管型的换热面积最大,换热效率最佳;循环介质的流速一般只需确保其流动状态为湍流;桩间距越大换热效果越好;比热容小的土壤,热干扰明显,传热效率降低;间歇循环较持续运行模式换热效率值相对更大。在此基础上,提出了能量桩下一步的研究建议和展望。

空气源分体式热管-热泵供暖系统在煤矿井口防冻中的特性研究

为提高空气源热泵的性能,同时更好地满足煤矿井口防冻特殊工艺要求,将空气源热泵与热管技术相耦合,使用小压比热泵机组搭建了空气源分体式热管-热泵供暖系统实验平台。该耦合系统中蒸发器和冷凝器两端均采用相变传热的方式,并对其进行不同运行工况下的性能特性研究,结果表明:该耦合供暖系统即使在0℃左右的室外条件下,耦合机组的系统制热性能仍可达到4.5以上,远远优于传统空气源热泵机组。

防护工程复合埋管式热泵系统性能分析

防护工程内信息化设备散热量大,余热会导致工程内部温度升高、设备失效甚至瘫痪。结合垂直埋管运行高效和水平埋管成本低廉的优势,采用复合埋管式地源热泵系统处理工程内余热以及口部潮湿问题,计算工程内通信机房和办公大厅的全年逐时负荷;利用TRNSYS仿真软件构建复合埋管式与垂直埋管式热泵系统模型,比较复合埋管式热泵系统与传统的垂直埋管式热泵系统的热性能、经济效益及防潮效果。结果表明,在工程口部设定水平地埋管可有效降低口部空气相对湿度,起到防潮防湿的作用;在复合埋管式热泵系统总性能系数(coefficient of performance,COP)更高的前提下,复合埋管式热泵系统的总成本较垂直埋管式热泵系统降低了21.8%。

北京市昌平区马池口村地源热泵系统设计与热平衡分析

通过使用模拟软件对北京市昌平区马池口村项目的供热制冷设计负荷和全年逐时动态负荷进行计算,结合项目的能源条件与建筑的负荷特点,设计了以地埋管地源热泵系统为主,空气源热泵与复合式太阳能热水系统作为辅助热源的复合式能源系统。通过TRNSYS软件模拟,分析了地埋管地源热泵系统承担75%供暖负荷时存在的土壤热平衡问题,验证了使用复合式太阳能热水系统为地埋管系统补热后地下岩土温度可维持在一定范围内,基本保持冷热平衡,确保系统安全稳定、高效运行。通过对系统节能效益分析,检验该复合式能源系统的节能降碳效果,为寒冷地区同类型项目提供参考。

建筑工程中暖通空调节能技术的应用分析

文章从改善和优化建筑设计的被动式节能形式到暖通空调合理设计的主动式节能形式,分别提出了各种的节能措施,从建筑工程的源头开始,由合理的建筑规划设计和建筑空间布局到建筑外围护结构性能指标的提升再到暖通空调冷热源及设备的优选和管网的节能设计,分析了各种节能措施的可行性,讨论了暖通空调行业中节能减碳的原则,提出了未来建筑设计中暖通空调节能设计的方向。

井陉县奥陶系灰岩浅层地温能开发利用潜力研究

为研究井陉县奥陶系灰岩所蕴藏的浅层地温能,在井陉县的河谷内实施热响应试验钻孔一眼,测试了其岩土体物理力学、热物性参数及地温场特征,发现该地区10 m以深平均地温达到了16.77℃,夏、冬季工况测试条件下单位延米换热量分别为68.38、65.78 W/m。通过选取地下水位埋深、地下水流速等8项指标对井陉县进行了地埋管地源热泵适宜性评价,将评价区划分为较适宜区、适宜区和不适宜区,其中较适宜区面积为244.12 km^(2),占总面积的16.82%。在此基础上对较适宜区进行了资源潜力评价,计算了其资源潜力及节能减排能力。为了更好的验证井陉县奥陶系灰岩所蕴藏的浅层地温能具有开发利用价值,安装了相关配套应用工程及监测设备,监测了在不同工况测试条件下的耗能量,通过与普通家用空调耗能量进行对比分析,使用地埋管地源热泵年运行成本约为使用空调成本的55%,具备开发利用价值。