Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of Phlomoides(Lamiaceae subfamily Lamioideae)in China:Insights from molecular and morphological data

Phlomoides,with 150-170 species,is the second largest and perhaps most taxonomically challenging genus within the subfamily Lamioideae(Lamiaceae).With about 60 species,China is one of three major biodiversity centers of Phlomoides.Although some Phlomoides species from China have been included in previous molecular phylogenetic studies,a robust and broad phylogeny of this lineage has yet to be completed.Moreover,given the myriad new additions to the genus,the existing infrageneric classification needs to be evaluated and revised.Here,we combine molecular and morphological data to investigate relationships within Phlomoides,with a focus on Chinese species.We observed that plastid DNA sequences can resolve relationships within Phlomoides better than nuclear ribosomal internal and external transcribed spacer regions(nrITS and nrETS).Molecular phylogenetic analyses confirm the monophyly of Phlomoides,but most previously defined infrageneric groups are not monophyletic.In addition,morphological analysis demonstrates the significant taxonomic value of eight characters to the genus.Based on our molecular phylogenetic analyses and morphological data,we establish a novel section Notochaete within Phlomoides,and propose three new combinations as well as three new synonyms.This study presents the first molecular phylogenetic analyses of Phlomoides in which taxa representative of the entire genus are included,and highlights the phylogenetic and taxonomic value of several morphological characters from species of Phlomoides from China.Our study suggests that a taxonomic revision and reclassification for the entire genus is necessary in the future.

Taxonomy of Two New Peritrich Ciliates(Protozoa:Ciliophora)from Inland Saltwaters of China

The inland saltwater lakes harbor exceptional biodiversity.Here,two new species of solitary sessile peritrich ciliates were isolated from Qinghai Lake,the largest inland saltwater lake in China.Their morphology,ciliature,silverline system,and molecular phylogeny were investigated based on live observation,silver staining,and analysis of the small subunit ribosomal DNA(SSU rDNA).Vorticella paraglobosa sp.n.is characterized mainly by its obconical or elongate bell-shaped zooid,C-shaped macronucleus,single ventrally located contractile vacuole,two-rowed infundibular polykinety 3,and 28-38 silverlines between peristome and aboral tro-chal band and 10-15 between aboral trochal band and scopula.Vorticella cotyliformis sp.n.differs from its congeners mainly by its double-layered peristomial lip,cup-shaped zooid,J-shaped macronucleus,single ventrally positioned contractile vacuole,three-rowed infundibular polykinety 3,and 70-85 silverlines between peristome and aboral trochal band and 21-25 between aboral trochal band and scopula.The SSU rDNA sequences of the two new species were obtained,and the subsequent molecular phylogenetic analysis supported their taxonomic classification.

A Comparative Analysis of Cybersecurity Threat Taxonomies for Healthcare Organizations

Information technology is critical in coordinating patient records, smart devices, operations, and critical infrastructure in healthcare organizations, and their constantly changing digital environment, including suppliers, doctors, insurance providers, and regulatory agencies. This dependence on interdependent systems makes this sector vulnerable to various information technology risks. Such threats include common cybersecurity risks such as data breaches and malware attacks, unique problems occurring in healthcare settings such as unauthorized access to patient records, disruptions in services provided at medical facilities, and potential harm caused to patients due to the compromise of medical devices. The threat taxonomies, such as the Open Threat Taxonomy, NIST, or ENISA, are foundational frameworks for grasping and categorizing IT threats. However, these taxonomies were not specifically designed to deal with the complexities of the healthcare industry. The problem arises from the gap between these taxonomies’ general nature and the industry-specific threats and vulnerabilities that affect healthcare organizations. As a result, many healthcare institutions fail to holistically address and eliminate the unique risks related to confidentiality, integrity, and availability of patients’ data as well as critical systems used in healthcare. This paper aims to narrow this gap by carefully assessing these taxonomies to determine the frame-work best suited for addressing the threat environment in the healthcare sector.

New record of the feather star Palaeocomatella hiwia(Echinodermata:Crinoidea:Comatulida)from Zhenbei Seamount in South China Sea:new insights into the taxonomic position of Palaeocomatella

One specimen belonging to the family Comatellinae was collected from the Zhenbei Seamount(332.5–478.2 m)in the South China Sea in July 2022.Based on the morphological characters,the specimen was identified as Palaeocomatella hiwia McKnight,1977.It is first recorded from China Sea and redescribed in detail.This specimen differs from the original description from New Zealand for never showing syzygy at br4+5 or br5+6 on interior and br1+2 on exterior arms.However,it is much conform to the redescription to specimens from Indonesia,with only differences in position of the second syzygy and distalmost pinnule comb.Specimen is deposited in the Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Phylogenetic analyses based on the mitochondrial c oxidase subunit I(COI)and 16S rRNA genes indicated that P.hiwia was nested within the tribe Phanogeniini and clustered with Aphanocomaster pulcher.Furthermore,P.hiwia showed same morphological features in terms of mouth placement,comb location,and number of comb teeth rows as other genera of Phanogeniini.Therefore,we suggest that the genus Palaeocomatella should be put in the tribe Phanogeniini.

Molecular Phylogeny, Species Delimitation and Taxonomic Revision of the Australian Spider Wasp Genus Heterodontonyx Haupt, 1935 (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)

Heterodontonyx (Pompilidae: Pepsinae) is an understudied genus with Australasiandistribution and most species are endemic to Australia. There have recently been sometaxonomic changes involving the genera Heterodontonyx and Cryptocheilus based on molecular and morphological evidence, however, phylogenetic relationships within Heterodontonyx, species delimitation and formal revision have not been conducted. Here, we construct a Maximum Likelihood phylogeny estimate of Heterodontonyx based on ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2 region of 30 samples representing seven Heterodontonyx morphospecies. bPTP species delimitation approach was employed and ultimately the taxonomic revision of the genus was carried out. Phylogenetic analyses strongly support the monophyly of Heterodontonyx and the species delimitation method recognizes eight species among which one new species is identified.

基于带语义差别的模糊Taxonomy的交易数据库关联规则聚类

关联规则聚类是大量关联规则的一种有效组织方式，本文针对基于商品分类信息的规则聚类方法存在的不足进行了改进，同时考虑了不同层次间的项目语义差别，以及具有不同隶属度的项目细致语义差别，将商品分类树改进为模糊Taxonomy的有向无环图结构，该结构可以处理一个项目同时属于多个父结点的情况。我们充分考虑了有向无环图的性质，提出了带细致语义差别的模糊Taxonomy结构构建方法和相应的规则距离计算方法，其中，规则距离计算过程中的项集距离计算方法无需计算最佳匹配，因此，具有较小的时间开销。规则距离计算和聚类可视化试验结果表明了该方法的可扩展性和有效性，在规则的聚类计算上取得了较为满意的结果。

Taxonomy characterization and cadmium biosorption of fungus strain

The taxonomy characteriazation and cadmium （Cd） biosorption of the high Cd-resistant fungus M1 were investigated. The internal transcribed spacers （ITS） region and β-tubulin genes of the strain were amplified, sequenced and analyzed by molecular biology technology. The Cd biosorption assay was performed by shaking flask. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to analyze the mycelium. The similarity of gene sequences and phylogenetic trees show the very close relation between the strain and Paecilomyces lilacinus, and the fungus M1 was identified as P. Lilacinus. The initial pH 6 and Cd concentration about 100 mg/L are optimum. Zn and Mn have a little effect on the Cd biosorption of the strain, while Cu and Pb present obvious effects. FTIR analysis shows that the fungus adsorbs Cd by esters, anhydride, and amide. With the preferable absorption capacity, fungus M1 is considered to have good prospects in bioremediation.

用传统分类表与叙词表编制Taxonomy的理论可行性研究

Taxonomy概念可以理解为一个用于支持浏览功能的、基于某一特定环境或领域的概念等级体系。它由等级结构和主题词两个基本元素组成,在形式上结合了分类法和叙词表的特点,为用传统分类法和叙词表编制Taxonomy提供了理论可能性。但由于分类法、叙词表和Taxonomy在性质与功能上均有不同之处,在利用传统分类法和叙词表编制Taxonomy过程中会遇到一些问题,首先,分类法和叙词表在主题范覆盖范围方面可能满足不了Taxonomy的要求;其次,分类法和叙词表的两个基本元素,等级结构和主题词在多大程度上可被利用,有待进一步实证。另外,如何将环境因素结合到Taxonomy类表中,是个有待补充的问题。

Taxonomy:定义、辨析和应用

文章旨阐释Taxonomy概念,包括三部分内容:Taxonomy概念的定义、Taxonomy与文献分类法、叙词表、本体和主题指南的区别与联系以及Taxonomy的具体应用。

The Systematic Taxonomy of Chinese Endemic Genera in Hynobiidae

Hynobiids are exclusively in Asia. China is the main distribution of hynobiids,and has many rich species because of the diversity of habitat. In present paper,the introduction on the systematic taxonomy of Chinese endemic genera （Protohynobius,Batrachuperus,Liua,Pachyhynobius and Pseudohynobius） in Hynobiidae will improve the understanding on these genera.

基于Thesaurus、Taxonomies构建分布式Ontology

本文在分析了Thesaurus Taxonomies与Ontology相互关系基础上,提出了基于Thesaurus与Taxonomies的构建分布式ontology的设想,认为分布式Ontology是在语义和知识层次上描述信息系统的概念模型建模工具,并设计使用分布式数据库来实现分布式ontology系统。

Taxonomic study of the Macrophya ligustri group with two new species of Macrophya Dahlbom(Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) from China

Two new species of the Macrophya ligustri group of the genus Macrophya Dahlbom（Hymenoptera： Tenthredinidae） from China are described, namely, M. megapunctata Li, Liu Wei sp. nov. and M. southa Li, Ji Wei sp. nov. The division of the M. ligustri group is briefly discussed and a key to all known species of the M. ligustri group from China is provided.

Corporate Taxonomy的编制方法和原则——以EDB Corporate Taxonomy的编制为例

文章以EDB Corporate Taxonomy的编制为例,从实践角度论述了Corporate Tax-onomy的编制方法与原则,同时对编制过程中涉及到的如传统知识组织工具的利用、设计角度的考虑、支持软件和后期维护等问题进行了探讨。

Discussions on taxonomy of genus Betula in northeast China

Many researches have been carried out on the taxonomy of Betula in northeast of China, but the classification of species and subdivision of species had some divergences at all times, which led to a disorder for developing and utilizing resources of Betula. In this paper, species and subdivision of Betula were classified not only according to the wax sample of Betula but also the comprehensive taxonomy of population characters, geographical distribution, and the habitat. Theconclusion supported the Fu Pei-yuns?(1995) viewpoint of the taxonomy of Betula in the northeast of China. But B. mandshurica (Regel) Nakai should be considered as one single species, the name of B. platyphyla Suk.var phellodendroidesTung should be the synonym of B. platyphyla var platyphyla, and B. ermanii Cham.var.yingkiliensis liou et Wang should be incorporated into B. ermanii Cham. B. ovalifolia Rupr should not be regarded as a variety of B. fruticosa Pall. but as one single species.

Taxonomic study of the genus Dolichocoxys Townsend (Diptera:Tachinidae) in China,with description of one new species

The genus Dolichocoxys Townsend, 1927 （Diptera： Tachinidae） in China is reviewed and D. unisetus sp. nov. is described as new. Figures of head and terminalia, ecological images of adults, a key to all known species are provided.

Phylogenetic evaluation of the taxonomic status of Papilio maackii and P.syfanius(Lepidoptera:Papilionidae)

The taxonomic status of Papilio maackii and P.syfanius has long been disputed.We conducted a molecular phylogenetic study to evaluate the taxonomic status of P.maackii and P.syfanius.A total of twenty-four P.maackii individuals from six localities and sixteen P.syfanius individuals from two localities were analyzed.We sequenced the partial region of the CO-I gene（about 579 bp） and partial CO-II gene sequence（about 655bp） of the two species.The Kimura-2-Parameter distances among P.maackii and P.syfanius ranged from 0 to 0.6%.Fifteen haplotypes were obtained based on the combined data set.The results strongly supported that all P.maackii individuals and all P.syfanius individuals formed a large clade,and could not be divided into separated clades.This research indicated that the two species have only very recently undergone speciation.

论新的知识组织工具--Taxonomies

Taxonomies是网络环境下一种新的知识组织工具。它由分类结构和概念语词两个元素组成,可用于信息检索系统不同端口处理不同内容对象和支持各种用途,主要用于企业、机构知识资源的组织和网站导航、浏览功能,与企业的知识管理和知识库的建设密切相关。与传统知识组织工具相比,taxonomies在覆盖范围、分类结构、概念语词等方面都表现出更强的针对性、灵活性、实用性和简单化。

Semantic overlay network for searching taxonomy-based data sources

Distributed data sources which employ taxonomy hierarchy to describe the contents of their objects are considered, and a super-peer-based semantic overlay network （SSON） is proposed for sharing and searching their data objects. In SSON, peers are dynamically clustered into many semantic clusters based on the semantics of their data objects and organized in the semantic clusters into a semantic overlay network. Each semantic cluster consists of a super-peer and more peers, and is only responsible for answering queries in its semantic subspace. A query is first routed to the appropriate semantic clusters by an efficient searching algorithm, and then it is forwarded to the specific peers that hold the relevant data objects. Experimental results indicate that SSON has good scalability and achieves a competitive trade-off between search efficiency and costs.

Taxonomy、Folksonomy和Ontology的分类理论及相互关系

Taxonomy(知识分类学)是关于具体或抽象事物的分类组织的学科与方法,Folkson-omy(分众分类)是大众自发的用标签对网络信息分类标识和共享的资源组织方法,Ontology(知识本体)是从语义和知识层次上描述构架信息系统的概念模型。本文归纳整理了这三个与分类相关的概念及其特性,并进一步厘清这些相关概念间的关系,希望研究结果有助于加深对分类相关概念的理解及应用。

Taxonomic studies of the genus Didea Macquart(Diptera:Syrphidae) with description of a new species from China

We describe a new species in the genus Didea Macquart from China： Didea zhongtiaoshanensis sp.nov. The new species is similar to Didea fasciata Macquart, but differs from the latter by tergite 5 and abdominal sternites. Type specimens are deposited in the Museum of Animals and Botany, Shaanxi University of Technology. A key to Chinese species in the genus Didea is offered.