基于CEEMDAN-VMD-TCN-lightGBM模型的水质预测研究

针对目前水质预测模型中因为数据本身的复杂性、在信号处理过程中存在的噪声干扰以及分解深度不够导致单一分解难以全面捕捉信号非线性特征的问题,提出了一种基于二次分解的水质预测模型。该模型采用完全自适应噪声集合经验模态分解(CEEMDAN)对原始数据进行分解,再利用变分模态分解(VMD)对熵值最高的模态分量进行二次分解,最终将处理后的时间序列输入到TCN-lightGBM多特征预测模型中。同时,采用麻雀算法(SSA)对预测模型进行优化。以山东省玉符河水质为例,本模型的均方根误差(RMSE)是0.1053,平均绝对误差(MAE)是0.0815,决定系数(R2)是0.9471,与GRU、LSTM、LightGBM、TCN等当下较为流行的模型的预测指标进行比较。结果显示,在R2上本模型提升了53.04%、70.41%、66.07%、65.20%等,在RMSE上减少了62.76%、65.50%、64.93%、64.80%等,在MAE上降低了62.76%、66.24%、63.80%、65.24%等。由此可知,基于CEEMDAN-VMD-TCN-lightGBM的模型具有更好的预测性能、泛化能力和捕捉信号非线性特征的能力。

Regulation of Reproduction in Delayed Gametophyte of Saccharina japonica (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae): Effects of Light Intensity, Quality and Photoperiod

Saccharina japonica gametophytes can survive a long period under unfavorable environmental conditions,while they also delay in growth and/or reproduction.Although the reproduction in delayed gametophyte of S.japonica was known to be strongly influenced by light intensity,light quality,and photoperiod,no previous studies have evaluated their interactive effects on gametogenesis.To evaluate these effects,we used an orthogonal experiment to expose delayed gametophytes of S.japonica to different light intensities,light qualities,and photoperiods for 12 days.The results showed that changes in light intensity rather than light quality and photoperiod significantly affected the relative growth rates of the delayed gametophytes.Blue light had the greatest promotion on reproduction rate.The optimal light conditions in the early vegetative growth phase in gametogenesis induction for the delayed gametophytes were at 60–80μmol photons m^(−2) s^(−1) with daylength of 12 or 16 hours under white or blue light.When the delayed gametophytes were maintained in a constant light condition from delayed state to gametogenesis,the beneficial photoperiods for vegetative growth and reproductive rate were both 16L(16 hours of light):8D(8 hours of dark).However,when the delayed S.japonica gametophytes achieve the optimal growth state during the first 6 days and then they were cultured at different light conditions for the following 6 days,the reproduction rate increased as the daylength decreased and attained a peak value in group of 8L:16D photoperiod,indicating that photoperiod adjustment at the transition period is crucial in the gametogenesis induction process of delayed gametophyte of S.japonica.

Effects of Variable Lighting Intensity on Growth Characteristics and Nutritional Quality of Hydroponically Grown Arugula(Eruca sativa Mill.)

Arugula(Eruca sativa Mill.),as an edible medicinal vegetable of peculiar flavor,is served as uncooked dish.The influence of variable lighting intensity(LI)on the growth characteristics and nutritional quality of hydroponically grown arugula was investigated by using light-emitting diodes(LEDs)to light the hydroponically grown arugula for a reference for industrialized arugula production.The dynamic demands of arugula for LI in the seedling stage,initial growth stage and vigorous growth stage were tested under two light quality conditions including a red/blue light ratio of 7:1 and a light/dark photoperiod of 12 h/12 h.Then,the curves of variable LI-induced changes in the growth indices of arugula in different development periods were drawn.Next,the influence of variable LI on the growth characteristics and nutritional quality of arugula was investigated by measuring the dry/fresh weight ratio,chlorophyll content,vitamin C content and soluble protein content.Variable LI significantly increased the height,stem diameter,leaf width,dry/fresh weight ratio,chlorophyll content and soluble protein content of arugula plant.Plant height,stem diameter,dry/fresh weight ratio,chlorophyll content and soluble protein content were the highest in the group exposed to LI of 200,300 and 300μmol•m^(-2)•s^(-1)during the seedling stage,initial growth stage and vigorous growth stage,respectively.The greatest leaf width was achieved at LI of 100,250 and 350μmol•m^(-2)•s^(-1),respectively.High intensity LI markedly repressed the synthesis of vitamin C.

Impact of Fluorescent Light Energy on the Quality of Life of Dogs with Dermatologic Disease and Their Owners

Background: Quality of life (QoL) is a term used to evaluate general well-being, and it is defined as ‘the degree to which an individual enjoys his or her life. Within the realm of medicine, the evaluation of QoL frequently involves examining how disease exerts a detrimental impact, diminishing the enjoyment and fulfilment experienced by the individual. Dermatological diseases have been found to exert a substantial negative influence on the QoL of dogs and their owners due to nuisance and stress related to the disease but also due to the caregiver burden. In the management of bacterial skin infections, topical therapy is commonly administered alongside systemic antibiotics. Nonetheless, the protracted duration of treatment and difficulties in ensuring owner compliance can introduce a significant caregiver burden, potentially exacerbating the challenges associated with these conditions. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the impact on the quality of life (QoL) of dogs with dermatologic diseases after fluorescent light energy (FLE) treatment. Methods: The study was an open, prospective, multicentric clinical trial that included dogs with various dermatological conditions. The dogs received FLE treatment once weekly until the clinical resolution was achieved. Owners completed a validated questionnaire to assess the QoL of their dogs before and after therapy. Results: Thirty-five dogs with deep pyoderma, interdigital furunculosis, pyotraumatic dermatitis, wounds and perianal fistulas were included. All dogs received two sessions of fluorescent light energy once a week. Median treatment duration was 9 weeks for perianal fistula, 7 weeks for interdigital furunculosis, 5 weeks for deep pyoderma, 3 weeks for wounds and 1.5 weeks for pyotraumatic dermatitis. Complete remission was noted in 86% of dogs, and 14% showed an improvement but partial remission. The majority of owners reported a positive impact on their dogs’ QoL after therapy, and 74% of the dogs showed at least a 50% reduction in QoL scores. Conclusion: Fluorescent light energy has been shown to exert beneficial effects on the healing of dermatological diseases and the quality of life (QoL) in dogs and their owners, whether used as a standalone treatment or in combination with standard care therapies. Additionally, it was well-tolerated by the dogs. This study emphasizes the significance of considering both the owner’s and dog’s QoL when evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of dermatological treatments.

特征提取及数据扩充的GA-LightGBM半导体质量检测方法

半导体质量检测数据具有的“相关性、冗余性、不平衡性”等特点,导致传统的分类算法效率较低,为此,提出一种基于特征提取及数据扩充的GA-LightGBM(genetic algorithm-light gradient boosting machine)质量检测方法。通过结合主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)、合成少数类过采样技术(synthetic minority oversampling technique,SMOTE)、遗传算法和LightGBM这4种方法,实现对产品质量的有效识别。实验结果表明,相较于传统分类算法,提出的方法可以有效提升质量检测的效率。

Effects of Low Light on Agronomic and Physiological Characteristics of Rice Including Grain Yield and Quality

Light intensity is one of the most important environmental factors that determine the basic characteristics of rice development. However, continuously cloudy weather or rainfall, especially during the grain-filling stage, induces a significant loss in yield and results in poor grain quality. Stress caused by low light often creates severe meteorological disasters in some rice-growing regions worldwide. This review was based on our previous research and related research regarding the effects of low light on rice growth, yield and quality as well as the formation of grain, and mainly reviewed the physiological metabolism of rice plants, including characteristics of photosynthesis, activities of antioxidant enzymes in rice leaves and key enzymes involved in starch synthesis in grains, as well as the translocations of carbohydrate and nitrogen. These characteristics include various grain yield and rice quality components （milling and appearance as well as cooking, eating and nutritional qualities） under different rates of shading imposed at the vegetative or reproductive stages of rice plants. Furthermore, we discussed why grain yield and quality are reduced under the low light environment. Next, we summarized the need for future research that emphasizes methods can effectively improve rice grain yield and quality under low light stress. These research findings can provide a beneficial reference for rice cultivation management and breeding program in low light environments.

Effect of Light Quality on Photosynthesis and Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Strawberry Leaves

The photosynthetic characteristics of strawberry (Fragariaananassa Duch. cv. Toyonoka)leaves under illumination of identical light intensity(55-57% natural light) withdifferent light quality were studied. It was showed that the chlorophyll content,maximal photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ(Fv/Fm), Fm/Fo, amount of inactive PSⅡreactioncenters (Fi-Fo) and rate of QA reduction were positively correlated with the red-light/blue-light ratios, but the chlorophyll (a/b) ratios were negatively correlated withthem. Carotenoid content of the leaves was maximum under the blue film, than under greenfilm, red film, white film and yellow film, and negatively correlated with the red/far-red ratios. The apparent quantum yield (AQY), photorespiratory rate (Pr) and carboxylationefficiency (CE) were also strongly affected by light quality. The photosynthetic rate(Pn) in strawberry leaves under green film was significantly lower than under all otherfilm. Our results suggested that light quality is an essential factor regulating thedevelopment of PSⅡ, and phytochrome and an independent blue light photoreceptor,possibly a cryptochrome, can regulate photosynthetic performance.

Crop photosynthetic response to light quality and light intensity

Under natural conditions, plants constantly encounter various biotic and abiotic factors, which can potentially restrict plant growth and development and even limit crop productivity. Among various abiotic factors affecting plant photosynthesis, light serves as an important factor that drives carbon metabolism in plants and supports life on earth. The two components of light(light quality and light intensity) greatly affect plant photosynthesis and other plant's morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters. The response of plants to different spectral radiations and intensities differs in various species and also depends on growing conditions. To date, much research has been conducted regarding how different spectral radiations of varying intensity can affect plant growth and development. This review is an effort to briefly summarize the available information on the effects of light components on various plant parameters such as stem and leaf morphology and anatomy, stomatal development, photosynthetic apparatus, pigment composition, reactive oxygen species(ROS) production, antioxidants, and hormone production.

Relationships Between the Distribution of Relative Canopy Light Intensity and the Peach Yield and Quality

The aim of the present experiment was to study the relationship between the distribution of relative light intensity in canopy and yield and quality of Wanmi peach. The optimum relative canopy light intensity was judged to be 36.3% for high quality peaches, when canopy volumes of Wanmi peach trees with a relative light intensity 〈 30% accounted for 7.7 and 47.9% of the total canopy volume in June and September, respectively. The canopy volume with a relative light intensity 〉 80% was 27.7 and 3.1% of the total canopy volume in June and September, respectively. Peach canopies were divided into 0.5 m × 0.5 m × 0.5 m cubes, with the relative light intensity being measured at different positions of the canopy during the growing season. Yield and fruit quality were also measured at these positions at harvest. The results showed that the relative light intensity decreased gradually from outside to inside and from top to bottom of the tree canopy. Fruit were mainly distributed in the upper and middle portions of the canopy, 1.5-3.0 m above ground. Regression results showed that single fruit weight and soluble solid content were positively related to relative light intensity.

Systematic Identification of the Light-quality Responding Anthocyanin Synthesis-related Transcripts in Petunia Petals

Previous studies have shown that high light intensity can induce anthocyanin synthesis(AS)in petunia plants.To identifywhich kind of light quality plays a role in inducing such metabolic process,and what transcripts participate in controlling it,we carried out whole-transcriptome sequencing and analysis of petunia petals treated with different light-quality conditions.Among the red and white light treatments,a total of 2205 differentially expressed genes and 15,22,and 20 differentially expressed circRNAs,miRNAs,and lncRNAs,were identified respectively.The AS-related genes,including the structural genes CHSj,F3H,F35H,DFR,and ANS,and the regulatory genes AN4,DPL,PHZ and MYBx were found to be downregulated under red light condition compared with their levels under white light condition.Furthermore,the light photoreceptor Cryptochrome 3(CRY3)and a series of light-dependent genes,such as PIF,HY5,andBBXs,were also determined to respond to the light treatments.The anthocyanin contents in early petunia petals under red light were significantly lower than that under white and blue light.The results of qRT-PCR further confirmed the expression pattern of some AS-related and light-response genes in response to different light quality.Yeast two-hybrid results showed that the key elements in the light signal pathway,HY5 can interact with BBX19,BBX24 and BBX25.And PHZ,the important AS regulator can induce anthocyanin synthesis in response to blue light quality fromtransient expression analysis in petunia petals.These findings presented here not only deepen our understanding of how light quality controls anthocyanin synthesis,but also allow us to explore potential target genes for improving pigment production in petunia flower petals.

Low Light During Grain Filling Stage Deteriorates Rice Cooking Quality, but not Nutritional Value

To investigate the effect of low light （LL, 50% natural light） during grain filling （GF） stage on rice transamination, amino acid （AA） accumulation, nutritional value, and cooking quality in three different rice genotypes, transaminase activities and AA levels in grains during GF stage and the traits that significantly affected rice quality （physical appearance, cooking quality, and nutritional value） were analyzed. LL did not disturb transamination in rice grains during GF stage, as minimal impact was found on alanine and aspartate transaminase activities. Nevertheless, most AAs in caryopses, including lysine and threonine, increased in response to LL, except for sulfur-containing AAs. These results suggest that AA metabolism and accumulation in rice grains were rarely suppressed by LL during GF stage. Rice nutritional ingredients at harvest, such as major protein components including glutelin and most important essential amino acids （EAAs） including lysine and threonine, increased significantly in response to LL, whereas most protein and EAA ratios were rarely affected. However, LL markedly affected physical appearance of rice grains by reducing brown rice rate, milled rice rate, and 1000-grain weight and increasing the chalkiness rate. In addition, cooking qualities decreased in response to LL, while breakdown values and amylose levels decreased and setback values increased. We concluded that LL during GF stage decreased the cooking quality of rice, but could potentially improve the nutritional value of rice.

Effects of light quality on growth rates and pigments of Chaetoceros gracilis(Bacillariophyceae)

Light is an important parameter in algal culturing.In this work,the effects of different light qualities on growth of the marine diatom Chaetoceros gracilis are evaluated.The cells were cultured under light quantum flux density of 60μmol photons/(m2·s)with nine light qualities:LED red light(LR),LED blue light(LB),LED red plus LED blue light(LR+LB),LED white light(LW),fluorescent white light(FW),and combinations of LW and FW lights with increased proportions of red or blue light(FW+LR,FW+LB,LW+LR,and LW+LB).Blue light promoted the growth of C.gracilis largely.Three light qualities,FW+LR,LW+LR,and LR,resulted in the lowest growth rate.Both chlorophyll and carotenoids reached the highest level under LB and the lowest level under LR among monochromatic light sources;however,increasing of the proportion of blue or red light in the white light induced an increase of the chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations.Light absorption ability of microalgae was critical for the growth of these organisms,as we observed a positive correlation between the extinction coefficient at different wavelengths and the specific growth rate.These findings are of importance to improve the culturing of this alga in bioreactors.

Effects of Light Quality on Carbon and Nitrogen Assimilation and Root Activity of Eggplant

[Objective] This study was conducted to provide theoretical and data reference for high-quality high-yield production of Shangqie 1 under controlled light quality environment and light quality control of other eggplant varieties. [Method] With Shangqie1 as an experiment material, the effects of red light, blue light, red-blue light, red-blue light and white light(control) on the carbon-nitrogen metabolism and root vitality of eggplant were investigated. [Result] Different light quality significantly affected sugar and starch contents in leaves of eggplant. Under the red-blue light(5∶1) treatment, the sucrose, total sugar and starch contents were the highest, and the values were higher than those under the white light treatment by 3.47%, 13.61% and 33.49%,respectively. The fructose content was the highest under white light. Under red-blue light(3∶1) and red-blue light(5∶1), the nitrate nitrogen contents were higher than that under white light, indicating that compound light affects nitrate content not only by simple superposition of light quality, but also by other type of interaction effect. The free amino acid and soluble protein contents under blue, red-blue(3∶1), red-blue(5∶1) and red light treatments were all higher than those under the white light treatment, and the blue light treatment exhibited the highest values, which were higher than those under white light by 24.89% and 46.62%, respectively, with significant differences. The red-blue light(5 ∶1) treatment exhibited the highest root vitality of eggplant, which was higher than that under the white light treatment by 31.85%. The red light treatment had the second highest root vitality, which was higher than that under the white light treatment by 19.30%, followed by the red-blue light(5∶1) treatment, and the blue light treatment showed the lowest value. [Conclusion] Under red-blue light(5 ∶1) treatment, eggplant had vigorous carbon-nitrogen metabolism and the highest root vitality.

Monitoring Flue-Cured Tobacco Leaf Chlorophyll Content under Different Light Qualities by Hyperspectral Reflectance

Rapid assessment of foliar chlorophyll content in tobacco is critical for assessment of growth and precise management to improve quality and yield while minimizing adverse environmental impact. Our objective is to develop a precise agricultural practice predicting tobacco-leaf chlorophyll-a content. Reflectance experiments have been conducted on flue-cured tobacco over 3 consecutive years under different light quality. Leaf hyperspectral reflectance and chlorophyll-a content data have been collected at 15-day intervals from 30 days after transplant until harvesting. We identified the central band that is sensitive to tobacco-leaf chlorophyll-a content and the optimum wavelength combinations for establishing new spectral indices (simple ratio index, RVI;normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI;and simple difference vegetation index, DVI). We then established linear and BackPropagation (BP) neural network models to estimate chlorophyll-a content. The central bands for leaf chlorophyll-a content are concentrated in the visible range (410 - 680 nm) in combination with the shortwave infrared range (1900 - 2400 nm). The optimum spectral range for the spectral band combinations RVI, NDVI, and DVI are 440 and 470 nm, 440 and 470 nm, and 440 and 460 nm, respectively. The linear RVI, NDVI, and DVI models, SMLR model and the BP neural network model have respective R2 values of 0.76, 0.77, 0.69, 0.78 and 0.86, and root mean square error values of 0.63, 1.60, 1.59, 2.04 and 0.05 mg chlorophyll-a/g (fresh weight), respectively. Our results identified chlorophyll-a sensitive spectral regions and new indices facilitate a rapid, non-destructive field estimation of leaf chlorophyll-a content for tobacco.

Light quality and temperature effects on antirrhinum growth and development

An experiment was carried out to examine the effects of light quality on the growth and development of antirrhinum under three different temperatures 19℃, 24℃ and 27℃ in glasshouses. Five different colour filters (i.e. 'Red absorbing', 'Blue absorbing', 'Blue and Red absorbing' and two 'partially Blue absorbing' materials) were tested, with one clear polythene as a control. Plant height, internode length and leaf area were significantly affected by the spectral filters as well as the temperature.Analysis of color filter's effect on presumed photoreceptors to exist indicated that antirrhinum plant height was regulated by the action of a blue acting photoreceptor (BAP) and not the phytochrome. There was no evidence for an effect ofphytochrome or BAP on time to flowering, however, increasing temperature levels effectively decreased the time to flowering. To predict the effects of different spectral qualities and temperature, simple models were created from data on plant height, internode length and time to flowering. These models were then applied to simulate the potential benefits of spectral filters and temperature in manipulation of growth control and flowering in antirrhinum.

Improvement in lipid production and biodiesel quality of Pavlova sp.by monochromatic illumination

Pavlova sp.is not only one of the most popular microalgae in aquaculture,but also a source of high-quality biodiesel feedstock.With white light as a control(W),Pavlova sp.was cultured in this study under varying light quality,including monochromatic red light(R),blue light(B),and combinations thereof with different proportions(illuminators of m Rn B,comprised of m red light units and n blue ones,m+n=7),to examine the effects of illuminating light quality on biocomponent production and biodiesel quality.The results show that combined monochromatic light,especially 2R5B,3R4B,4R3B,and 5R2B,could improve the growth of Pavlova sp.The dry weight of harvested algae powder in the 5R2B group reached 418.03 mg/L,and was 22.65%higher than that in the control group(W).Lipid production under combined monochromatic light of 4R3B reached 107.86 mg/L,and was 25.61%higher than in the control(W).In addition,illumination using 4R3B increased the proportion of C16∶0(palmitic acid)and C16:1(palmitoleic acid)fatty acids in Pavlova sp.by 15.55%and 21.94%,respectively,which translates into improved biodiesel quality.All cetane numbers(CN)for 4R3B–6R1B were over 51,while iodine values(IV)and degrees of unsaturation(DU)were reduced,leading to more stable biodiesel suitable for longterm storage.In addition,protein production under 6R1B was as high as 31.56 mg/L,1.8 times greater than under W.Light quality is proposed as an effective tool to regulate biocomponent production by microalgae.

Effects of Light Time, Light Intensity and Light Color on the Growth and Quality of Cordyceps militaris

Cordyceps militaris,which is a precious edible fungus,contains effective ingredients such as cordycepin and adenosine,and can treat a variety of diseases.However,light has the greatest effect on the growth of C.militaris in the process of artificial cultivation.In this study,the effects of light time,light intensity and light color on the growth,physiology,yield and quality of C.militaris were discussed to provide reference for the efficient artificial cultivation of C.militaris.

Associative learning in plants:light quality history may matter

The possibility of associative learning in plants is a topic of ongoing controversy.In one published study,growing pea plants were reported to associate two stimuli(airflow and light)and thereafter use one(airflow)as an indicator for the other(light),similar to dogs in Pavlov’s famous experiments.However,this observation could not be independently repeated.Here we examine a possible reason for the failure of a published reproduction attempt,which used substantially different light quality during plant cultivation prior to experimental treatments than in the original study.This could have resulted in dramatically different growth characteristics.While the relevance of the original report of plant associative learning remains questionable,greater attention should be paid to good documenting and standardizing the light conditions,in particular spectral quality,not only in studies of plant learning and memory,but also in other areas of experimental plant biology.

Effects of High Temperature and Strong Light Combine Stress on Yield and Quality of Early Indica Rice with Different Amylose Content during Grout Filling

High temperature(HT)accompanied with strong light(SL)often occurs in early indica rice production during grout filling stage in Southern China,which accelerates grain ripening.Two indica rice cultivars with different amylose content(Zhongjiazao17,ZJZ17,high amylose content;Xiangzaoxian45,XZX45,low amylose content)were grown under control(CK),HT,and HT+SL conditions during grout filling to determine the effects on grain yield and quality of rice.The results showed that compared with CK,HT and HT+SL significantly reduced the 1000-grain weight and filled grain rate whether in high or low amylose content early indica rice cultivars during grout filling,resulting in a significantly lower grain yield.Meanwhile,HT and HT+SL significantly decreased the milled rice rate,brown rice rate and head rice rate,whereas significantly increased chalky rate and chalky degree;and breakdown decreased and setback,pasting temperature increased in the cultivars,leading to the poor processing,appearance and cooking and eating quality of early indica rice cultivars.Compared with HT,the yield of ZJZ17 was significantly decreased under HT+SL,due to the lower 1000-grain weight.However,the effect of HT+SL on rice quality varied in the cultivars.In general,the yield and rice quality of ZJZ17 were relatively poor under HT+SL.Our results suggested that HT and HT+SL during grout filling had significant damage to the yield and quality of early indica rice cultivars,especially HT+SL,while the high amylose cultivar ZJZ17 showed a higher negative effect under HT+SL.

University Student Sleep Quality: Some Health Insights regarding Light Exposure

Young adult sleep quality is reported to be compromised in the literature with shortened sleep intervals, daytime napping, excessive daytime sleepiness and excessive wakeups. The description of young adult sleep quality commonly includes the rationale that the independent schedule of the young adults coupled with their preferred social schedule, work and academic schedules leaves the planning for sleep to last place. Despite mentation and memory reductions with sleep deprivation secondary to poor sleep quality documented in young adults, the poor sleep quality prevails. This study is focused on the elements of arousal during a young adult’s day that may predispose them to elevated activation and difficulty relaxing sufficiently to fall asleep. It was hypothesized that light exposure was elevated in young adults with poor sleep quality. Light exposure in terms of overhead bright lights in classrooms and laboratories of the academic environment, bright light in terms of video monitors/TVs/tablets/phone exposure is sufficiently stimulating to cause cognitive activation was light exposure.