基于Linkage Mapper的武汉市生态安全格局构建

城市蓝绿空间对维持城市生态平衡具有重要作用,城市化的快速发展促使生态用地破碎化。文章以武汉市为研究对象,基于“生态源地识别—阻力面构建—生态廊道识别—战略节点识别”框架结合连通性构建生态安全格局。结果表明:①生态源地面积共3053.09 km^(2),空间上多集中于武汉市西北部、东南部和东北部。②阻力因子的选取包括土地利用、地形、人为干扰及生态保护四个方面,运用层次分析法得到各阻力因子权重分别为0.387、0.316、0.109和0.188,结合ArcGIS加权得到综合生态阻力值,在空间上呈现“中间高、四周低”的特征。③基于Linkage Mapper识别出生态廊道21条,共计1223.72 km,生态网络结构α指数为0.43、β指数为1.62、γ指数为0.64,重力模型筛选出的作用力大于15的一级廊道共8条。④识别出548个生态夹点,总面积2.7801 km^(2);473处生态障碍点,总面积8.874 km^(2)。

The Interventional Capacity of Community Health Volunteers for Screening and Linkages of Non-Communicable Diseases in Nyeri County, Kenya

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) account for 63% of mortalities. Approximately 80% of these NCD-related deaths occur in LMICs. A quasi-experimental study utilizing a non-equivalent pre-and post-test was conducted from May 2022 to March 2023 with 370 study participants. Multistage cluster and random sampling were used to select ten community units, and therefore, 150 CHVs were chosen for the control unit, and 150 were used to form the interventional group. Data was collected from the KOBO app. Six (6) homogenous FGDs comprised ten members, and 10 KII were conducted across study sites. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS version 28.0, and qualitative data was audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed via N-Vivo 12. The study shows that 59.3% of respondents have minimal information, and 92.7% (n = 139) have no clear understanding of NCDs, with a pre-intervention capacity of 48.8%. Independent sample t-test showed a significant difference in capacity from a pre-intervention average of 48.75 (SD ± 5.7)%, which increased to 68.28 (SD ± 7.6)%, p < 0.001. A well-designed community interventional model plays a pivotal role in grassroots healthcare delivery but requires optimization for NCD management.

New model of linkage evolution for the transtensional fault systems in the Nanpu Sag of Bohai Bay Basin:Insight from seismic interpretation and analogue modelling

The evolution of faults within the same stress field is frequently influenced by numerous factors,involving the reactivation of pre-existing structures,stress transmission through ductile detachment layers,and the growth,interaction,as well as linkage of new fault segments.This study analyses a complex multi-phase oblique extension fault system in the Nanpu Sag(NPS)of the Bohai Bay Basin(BBB),China.High-resolution three-dimensional(3D)seismic data and analogue modelling indicate that the oblique extensional reactivation of pre-existing structures governs the sequential arrangement of fault segments in the caprock,and they dip synthetically to the reactivated fault at depth.During the NW-SE extension in the Eocene,the predominant movement of the pre-existing fault is strike-slip.Subsequently,during the N-S extension since the Oligocene,inclined at 20.to the pre-existing fault,forming splay fault segments and ultimately creating large en-echelon arcuate faults linked by relay ramps.Using fault throw-distance(T-D)and laser scanning,we reconstructed the fault evolution model of oblique extension reactivation in the presence of a ductile detachment basement.Our study illustrates that the arcuate faults can be categorized into linear master fault segments controlled by pre-existing structures,bending splay faults in the termination zone,and normal fault segments responding to the regional stress field.The interaction between faults occurs among normal faults and strike-slip faults,and the kinematic unification of the two fault systems is accomplished in the intersection zone.As the faults continue to evolve,the new fault segments tend to relinquish the control of pre-existing structures and concentrate more on the development of planar and continuous major faults.The ductile detachment layer significantly contributes to the uniform distribution of strain,resulting in narrow shear zones and discontinuous normal faults in its absence.

Constructing a Triangular Linkage Model of Government Audit,Social Audit,and Internal Audit to Promote High-Quality Development of Audit Services

It is a complex and important topic to study the linkage mechanism of government audit,social audit,and internal audit in the context of China’s high-quality economic development.The implementation of measures,such as establishing a sound and perfect organizational safeguard mechanism,strengthening project collaborative audit mechanism,enhancing the mechanism for utilizing audit results,and establishing an audit and rectification joint mechanism can promote the efficient operation of the audit supervision system and the high-quality development of audit services.

基于Linkage Mapper模型的汉江生态城生态廊道构建与修复策略研究

生态廊道构建对于国土空间格局优化和绿色发展具有重要意义。文章以十堰市汉江生态城为例,以生物多样性维护重要区域为主要生态源地,选取土地覆被类型、地形、坡度、植被指数、距道路距离、距水域距离等因子构建景观综合阻力面,运用Linkage Mapper模型构建生态廊道、识别生态障碍点。结果表明:(1)汉江生态城生态源地斑块共39处,面积为232.67km^(2);生态廊道共84条,长度合计108.36km。(2)生态障碍点28个,主要分布在南部和北部的耕地、村镇居民点、采矿用地、林灌植被等地类。(3)建议加强郊野区域农田边界景观营造,对采矿边坡采取绿化覆土种植措施,开展南部园岭山区域中幼林抚育提质,从而提升生境网络连通性。

Chronic Hepatitis B in Indian Americans: Lack of Screening and Poor Linkage to Care

Background: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality in the United States (US) and globally. CHB disproportionately affects Asian Americans and many other immigrant minority populations, primarily owing to the high prevalence of CHB in their countries of origin. India is a country with a medium-to-high prevalence of hepatitis B (HB) (>2%) and has over 40 million people infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), with more than 115,000 deaths annually from HBV-related complications. Indian Americans are one of the largest immigrant populations in the US but remain underdiagnosed and poorly linked to clinical care. We, therefore, assessed the HBV prevalence and evaluated the linkage-to-care (LTC) among Indian Americans to develop strategic plans to reduce the impact of HBV in the US. Methods: Between April 2022 and January 2024, serologic screening and surveys were provided to 328 Indian American adults (age 20 - 80) in New York City. All participants were tested for a triple panel consisting of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs), and hepatitis B core IgG antibody (anti-HBc). A survey was conducted on the subjects chronically infected with HBV regarding their histories of infection. Self-administered questionnaires were employed to evaluate demographic and epidemiologic characteristics. Results: Of 328 screened and evaluated (246 males and 82 females), 10 (3.0%) were HBV-infected, 222 (67.7%) were susceptible to HBV, and 96 (29.3%) were immune. The prevalence of chronic HBV varied between the age groups: 4.6% (age 20 - 40), 3.4% (age 41 - 60), and 1.7% (age 61 - 80). Of 10 chronically infected, only two subjects had been previously diagnosed but were not engaged in care. Conclusion: HBV disproportionately affects Asian Americans, primarily owing to immigration from parts of the world where the disease is endemic. Indian Americans belong to an intermediate-risk group, with an HBV prevalence of >2%, but remain underdiagnosed and poorly linked to care. Our pilot study on Indian American populations, the first of its kind, demonstrates a 3% prevalence of CHB, none of whom are linked to care. In addition, this population has a high percentage of unimmune subjects, creating a large reservoir for future infection. With the growing population of Indian Americans, our findings can be used to develop community-based strategies for HBV screenings and LTC that target high-risk groups.

Price linkage between Chinese and international nonferrous metals commodity markets based on VAR-DCC-GARCH models

Using VAR-DCC-GARCH model,the literature on commodity price was extended by exploring the co-movement between Chinese nonferrous metal prices and global nonferrous metal prices represented by the nonferrous metal prices from London Metal Exchange(LME).The results show that LME nonferrous metals prices still have a greater impact on Chinese nonferrous metals prices.However,the impact of Chinese nonferrous metals prices on LME nonferrous metals prices is still weak except for lead price.The co-movement of nonferrous metal prices between LME and China presents hysteretic nature,and it lasts for 7-8trading days.Furthermore,the co-movement between LME nonferrous metals prices and Chinese nonferrous metals prices has the characteristics of time-varying,and the correlation of lead prices between LME and China is the more stable than all other nonferrous metals prices.

Rapid Constructing a Genetic Linkage Map by AFLP Technique and Mapping a New Gene tms5

In this study, we reported the repaid construction of a molecular marker linkage map of rice (Oryza sativa L.). An F-2 population from the cross between Annong S-1 and Nanjing 11 was used to construct a genetic linkage map of rice. Total of 142 newly screened AFLP markers and 30 anchor markers (25 SSR markers and 5 RFLP markers) were mapped on the 12 chromosomes covering 1537.4 cM of rice genome. The average interval between these markers was 9.0 cM. The total work which usually was finished in more than one year was finished within only 3 months by one person. This is the first plant AFLP map developed in China. A new thermosensitive genic male sterile gene in rice, tms5, was Egged and mapped onto chromosome 2 during the development of the linkage map.

Genetic Analysis and Linkage Mapping in a Resource Pig Population Using Microsatellite Markers

The use of markers and linkage map construction are important for QTL mapping in pigs. In this article, the genetic characteristics were studied and the linkage map was constructed in a pig resource population including 214 individuals by typing 39 microsatellite marker loci on Sus scrofa chromosomes, SSC4, SSC6, SSC7, SSC8, and SSC13. Results indicated that the average allele number, the average observed beterozygosity （Ho）, and the average polymorphism information content （PIC） in F1 and F2 population were 3.2, 0.528, 0.463 and 3.2, 0.496, 0.447, respectively. In the pig resource population, the average informative meiosis （IM） was 217.4 （44-316）, and the average linkage map length between the two sexes on the five chromosomes were 172.3 cM （SSC4）, 168.7 cM （SSC6）, 191.7 cM （SSC7）, 197.3 cM （SSC8）, and 178.3 cM （SSC13）. The orders of microsatellite marker loci in the linkage maps were identical to, but the length was greater than, those of USDA-MARC reference map. The results of this research showed the genetic relationship and genetic characteristics of the microsatellite markers in the pig resource family population, and the linkage map could be used to for QTL mapping in the subsequent study.

Molecular Genetic Diagnostics of Prader-Willi Syndrome:a Validation of Linkage Analysis for the Chinese Population

Prader-Willi Syndrome （PWS） is a genetic disorder that is difficult to detect, particularly at an early age. PWS is caused by disruption of normal, epigenetically controlled gene function in the chromosome 15q11-q13 region. Clinical symptoms are difficult to diagnose in infants and only become clearer at later ages as the patients develop hyperphagia and morbid obesity. Molecular genetic tests are able to definitively diagnose PWS and allow early diagnosis of the syndrome. High resolution cytogenetic testing, methylation-specific PCR （MS-PCR）, and linkage analysis are routinely used to diagnose PWS. To establish a linkage analysis method for Chinese patients, this study identified a useful set of STR markers in the typical PWS deletion and adjacent area, for linkage analysis in two Chinese families with PWS offspring. Using this method, the authors confn＇rned that one patient had a paternal deletion in chromosome 15q 11-q 13 and the other patient had maternal uniparental heterodisomy of chromosome 15. MS -PCR and high resolution chromosome G-banding also confirmed this diagnosis. This linkage analysis method can detect both deletion and uniparental disomy, thus providing valuable information for genetic counseling and the opportunity to analyze the relationship between the genotype and phenotype of PWS.

Elimination Mechanism and Equilibrium Model about Complete Linkage of Panmixis Based on Fitness

[Objective]The aim was to discuss elimination mechanism and equilibrium model about complete linkage gene of panmixis based on fitness.[Method]A mathematical model that gsgenerational evalution of frequency of panmixis two pairs of complete linkage gene under difference fitness was built by using difference equations to study elimination mechanism and genetic equilibrium state of panncticcoinplete linkage gene.[Result]The panmixis is different from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium which reached the equilibrium just by one generation.A method that by using linear equation to calculate the frequency of four gametes and the fitnessed of panmixis was established after detormining is the fitness of 10 genotypes the necessary and sufficient condition of the panmixis to reach balance.[Conclusion]The method is valuable for reference on linkage disequilibrium and hitchhiking effect study.

Construction of Molecular Genetic Linkage Map Based on an RIL Population of Rice and Detection of QTLs for Tiller Angle

In this study, an RIL （recombinant inbred line） population containing 240 lines was developed by single seed descent method （SSD） based on a parent com- bination of small-grain indica cultivar Kasalath and large-grain japanica cultivar TD70 with significant differences in plant type traits, to construct the molecular genetic linkage map. Totally 838 SSR （Simple Sequence Repeat） markers were used for polymorphism screening between parents, 302 SSR markers with polymorphism were detected, with a frequency of 36.04%; 141 SSR markers with clear amplified bands and uniform distribution in the genome were finally used for genotype analysis of the RIL population. According to the experimental results, the frequency of male and female genotype in this RIL population was respectively 53% and 47%, suggesting good balance in population structure. A molecular genetic linkage map of rice was constructed by 141 markers based on a RIL population of 240 lines, with a total genetic distance of about 1 832.47 cM covering all 12 chromosomes, an average genetic distance between markers of 12.70 cM and a range of genetic distance be- tween markers of 0.43-36.11 cM, which is consistent with basic requirements of quantitative trait locus （QTL） mapping. Except for few markers on chromosomes 1 and 8, the order and location of markers is similar to the published sequences of Nipponbare. QTL analysis for the tiller angle was conducted with this RIL population of 240 lines, and results showed that three QTLs controlling tiller angle were detected on chromosome 8, 9 and 11, which were named qTA8, qTA9 and qTA11, with a contribution rate of 4.10%, 26.08% and 4.35%, respectively. To be specific, qTA9 contained Tiller Angle Controlling （TAC1） gene. The construction of this molecular genetic linkage map laid the foundation for genetic analysis and QTL mapping of various traits in the progeny of indica and japonica.

基于MSPA-Linkage Mapper的福州滨海长乐区生态网络构建与优化

构建生态网络是改善城市生态环境和维持生态服务功能的重要举措。以福州市长乐区为例,基于形态空间格局(MSPA)、Linkage Mapper和重力模型提取各级潜在生态廊道及生态节点,构建并优化长乐区生态网络。结果表明:1)基于MSPA识别出所有景观类型,核心区面积最大(245.36 km^(2)),占所有景观类型的73.61%,结合核心源地连通性评价,筛选出11个核心生态源地;2)通过Linkage Mapper、重力模型提取研究区潜在生态廊道共32条,1级廊道11条,2级廊道10条,3级廊道11条,主要分布在研究区南北部纵向连接,尚未形成整体的网络连接;3)采用Barrier Mapper、Pinch point综合识别生态节点,1级生态节点17个,2级生态节点12个、3级生态节点8个,确定各类型生态修复关键区域,提出生态暂歇点建设策略。研究结果为长乐区域生态可持续发展及建设生态保护重点区时序性研究提供参考意义。

基于Linkage Mapper与复杂网络的成都市生态网络构建与优化

城市化速度加快,城镇内部生态斑块破碎,生态廊道隔断,区域可持续发展受到阻碍。构建生态网络可以连接破碎斑块,保护生物多样性与地域特色。以成都市为例,基于形态学空间格局分析(morphological spatial pattern analysis, MSPA)方法并结合景观连通度指数确定生态源地,从地形、景观结构、人类活动三方面确定阻力因子来构建综合阻力面,基于ArcGIS水文分析原理和linkageMapper识别生态廊道和生态节点,利用复杂网络增边优化理论,对研究区处于高阻力值且介中心性低的点进行模拟增边,最后对比增边前后的稳定性,验证增边效果。结果表明:1)成都市生态源地主要分布在西部林区,东部和中部较为稀疏。2)成都市阻力值呈现由中部向外部降低趋势,中心都市圈阻力值最高。3)基于GIS共提取111条生态廊道、209条辐射道、101个生态节点。4)识别出增边优化节点8个,成功模拟增加11条生态廊道,模拟增边优化后网络稳定性明显提升,网络连通性增强,网络结构整体更为稳定。

基于Linkage Mapper的漳州市生态网络构建研究

城市的发展伴随而来的生物栖息地丧失、生境斑块破碎、孤岛化等生态问题日益严重。构建生态网络能有效促进斑块源地之间的生态流动,提高生态服务价值,改善生态环境问题。以漳州市为研究对象,基于电路理论,运用MSPA分析方法和景观连通性指数选取生态源地,利用Linkage Mapper工具识别生态廊道、生态夹点和障碍点,基于重力模型判别廊道等级,结合生态关键点构建生态网络。结果表明,研究区共识别出79条生态廊道,其中25条为重要廊道,景观构成要素以林地和草地为主,主要分布在西部,越靠近东部地区,斑块破碎化程度越高。针对生态源地分布不均,廊道过长,障碍点阻碍生态功能等问题,提出在今后的建设中可通过新增生态源地,保护夹点,设置踏脚石和修复障碍点对生态网络进行优化,以提高生态网络的连通性,促进区域内的生态流动和物种迁徙。

A Preliminary Genetic Linkage Map of Sinonovacula constricta(Lamarck, 1818) Based on Microsatellites Derived from RAD Sequencing

Sinonovacula constricta is one of the important economic aquaculture species in China. In this study, we constructed genetic linkage maps of S. constricta based on 300 microsatellite markers derived from RAD-seq using an F1 full-sib family. The female map contained 204 microsatellites assigned to 22 linkage groups, which covered 1529.5 cM with an average interval of 10.3 cM. The male consisted of 187 microsatellites in 19 linkage groups corresponding to the haploid chromosome number(n(28)19), which spanned 1429.3 cM with an average interval of 8.7 cM. The genome coverage was approximately 83.5% and 81.4%, respectively. An integrated map was constructed according to the common markers in parental linkage groups, which had a total length of 1683.8 cM with an average interval of 7.3 cM. The genome coverage of the integrated map was approximately 86.3%. The genetic linkage map would form the foundation for further studies on the quantitative trait loci(QTL), as well as accelerating the breeding process of this species.

SHEsis,a powerful software platform for analyses of linkage disequilibrium,haplotype construction,and genetic association at polymorphism loci

In multiloci-based genetic association studies of complex diseases, a powerful and high efficient tool for analyses oflinkage disequilibrium (LD) between markers, haplotype distributions and many chi-square/p values with a large numberof samples has been sought for long. In order to achieve the goal of obtaining meaningful results directly from raw data,we developed a robust and user-friendly software platform with a series of tools for analysis in association study withhigh efficiency. The platform has been well evaluated by several sets of real data.

Linkage of microbiota and osteoporosis:A mini literature review

The gut microbiota(GM) has become a recent topic of interest in the role of many disease states. Assessing patients with osteoporosis(OP), there is a strong correlation between gut microbe dysregulation and decreased bone density. Gut dysbiosis may lead to inflammation, dysregulation of nutrient and calcium transport across the intestine into circulation and systemic inflammation.Investigation of microbial profile relative to normal gut microbiomes, assessment of inflammatory markers such as interleukin-1(IL-1), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Therapies to normalize GM in patients with OP or prevent occurrence of OP to be investigated include: High fiber prebiotic diets to promote growth of normal gut bacteria and short chain fatty acid production, Probiotics to encourage growth of normal gut microbes, and antibiotic treatment followed by fecal matter transplant.

基于Linkage Mapper与粒度反推法的太行山中北段生态节点识别与分析:以河北省阜平县为例

生态节点可以连接破碎的生境斑块,提高景观之间的连通性。选取太行山中北段生态型贫困区域阜平县为研究区,将生态节点分为生态薄弱点、生态障碍点、生态夹点,采用形态学空间格局分析(MSPA)模型识别生态源地,采用最小累积阻力(MCR)模型构建最小累积阻力面,基于Linkage Mapper,运用粒度反推法、空间网络分析法、ArcGIS中的水文分析模块得出各类型生态节点规模、形状、组成形式。结果表明:研究区生态源地面积为25863.97 hm 2;生态节点共计120个,其中生态薄弱点75个、生态障碍点25个、生态夹点20个;由于400 m粒度是生态节点建设的合适参数,因此生态节点形成区域118个,总面积为2043.80 hm 2。针对各类型生态节点明确其建设形式,共有71个区域可建设为林地生态节点,43个区域可建设为水域生态节点,4个区域可建设为园地生态节点,该研究可为促进生态网络连通性提供借鉴意义。

Mobility Analysis of Altmann Overconstrained Linkages by Modified Grübler-Kutzbach Criterion

Developing a general mobility method/formula is a hot topic lasting for more than 150 years in kinematics. It is necessary to apply any mobility method to puzzling overconstrained mechanisms for verification of its generality. Altmann linkages are such recognized puzzling mechanisms that their mobility analysis is of important significance. A necessary condition for judging a general mobility method is that the method can be fit for Altmann linkages. Firstly, this study classes Altmann linkages into 17 types in terms of the numbers and types of kinematic pairs, and then Altmann overconstrained linkages are further classified into 4 types. Secondly, the mobility of Altmann overconstrained linkages is systematically analyzed by the Modified Grübler-Kutzbach criterion based on screw theory, where passive freedoms are defined as limb passive freedoms and mechanism passive freedoms. In addition, the full-cycle mobility is judged, which overcomes the shortcoming of instantaneous property of screw theory. It is shown that Modified Grübler-Kutzbach criterion not only obtains the correct numerical mobility, but also gives the mobility character by resolving reciprocal screws for the constraint system. This study lays the foundation of verification for the generality of Modified Grübler-Kutzbach criterion. Besides, Altmann overconstrained linkages almost comprise all kinds of modern parallel mechanisms and some classical mechanisms, which provides an important reference for mechanism mobility calculation.