Power-V诱导的钻柱黏滑振动特征分析

黏滑是石油钻井过程中影响钻井效率和井下钻柱安全的一种振动形式.垂直钻井系统Power-V在提供有效控斜力的同时,还会诱导钻柱黏滑振动.通过研究垂直钻井系统Power-V与井壁的接触作用及钻头与地层的相互作用模型,基于钻柱动力学有限元方法,深入分析Power-V的作用机理,研究其对扭转振动的影响,指出Power-V和井壁间的相互作用会导致钻柱与井壁的摩阻显著增加,进而引起摩阻扭矩的增大,诱导井下黏滑振动.实测振动数据证实,Power-V与井壁间的相互作用是引起钻柱黏滑振动的关键因素.这对于揭示黏滑振动的成因和更好地发挥Power-V的作用具有重要意义.

Longitudinal impedance measurements and simulations of a three-metal-strip kicker

A kicker is a critical component for beam injection and accumulation in circular particle accelerators. A ceramic slat kicker plated with a TiN conductive coating was applied in the Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPCII). However, the ceramic slat kicker has experienced several sudden malfunctions during the operation of the BEPCII in the past. With a reliable kicker structure, a three-metal-strip kicker can substitute the original ceramic slat kicker to maintain the operational stability of the BEPCII. A comparison of the numerical simulation was conducted for three kicker models, demonstrating the comprehensive advantage of the three-metal-strip kicker. Furthermore, impedance bench measurements were conducted on a prototype of a three-metal-strip kicker. The longitudinal beam-coupling impedance was measured using a vector network analyzer via the coaxial wire method. A satisfactory agreement was obtained between the numerical simulations and measurements. Based on the numerical simulation data, the loss factor was 0.01721 V/pC, and the effective impedance was 3.59 mΩ(σ=10 mm).The simulation of the heat deposition on each part of the kicker demonstrated that 84.4%of the parasitic loss of the beam was deposited on the metal strips, and the total heat deposition power on the kicker was between 113.3 and 131.5 W. The obtained heat deposition powers can be considered as a reference for establishing the cooling system.

Analysis and measurement of acoustic power in plastics ultrasonic welding process

A measuring principle for acoustic power in plastics ultrasonic welding process is introduced in this paper. Signal detection circuits of current, voltage, frequency, power for ultrasonic transducer of plastic ultrasonic welder are developed. A computer controlled measuring system is designed to sample the signals of welding process parameters. By using the designed system, the acoustic power curve during welding is calculated, saved, and displayed. And the relation between fusion state of plastics workpieces and input energy of joint is analyzed.

Calorimetric power measurements in the EAST ECRH system

In this paper, the measurement method of calorimetric power for an electron cyclotron resonance heating（ECRH） system for EAST is presented. This method requires measurements of the water flow through the cooling circuits and the input and output water temperatures in each cooling circuit. Usually, the inlet water temperature stability is controlled to obtain more accurate results.The influence of the inlet water temperature change on the measurement results is analyzed for the first time in this paper. Also, a novel temperature calibration method is proposed. This kind of calibration method is accurate and effective, and can be easily implemented.

Instantaneous frequency measurement using two parallel I/Q modulators based on optical power monitoring

A scheme for instantaneous frequency measurement(IFM)using two parallel I/Q modulators based on optical power monitoring is proposed.The amplitude comparison function(ACF)can be constructed to establish the relationship between the frequency of radio frequency(RF)signal and the power ratio of two optical signals output by two I/Q modulators.The frequency of RF signal can be derived by measuring the optical power of the optical signals output by two I/Q modulators.The measurement range and measurement error can be adjusted by controlling the delay amount of the electrical delay line.The feasibility of the scheme is verified,and the corresponding measurement range and measurement error of the system under different delay amounts of the electrical delay line are given.Compared with previous IFM schemes,the structure of this scheme is simple.Polarization devices,a photodetector and an electrical power meter are not used,which reduces the impact of the environmental disturbance on the system and the cost of the system.In simulation,the measurement range can reach 0 GHz-24.5 GHz by adjusting the delay amount of the electrical delay lineτ=20 ps.The measurement error of the scheme is better at low frequency,and the measurement error of low frequency 0 GHz-9.6 GHz can reach-0.1 GHz to+0.05 GHz.

Placido disk-based topography versus high-resolution rotating Scheimpflug camera for corneal power measurements in keratoconic and post-LASIK eyes：reliability and agreement

AIM：To compare the repeatability/reproducibility of measurement by high-resolution Placido disk-based topography with that of a high-resolution rotating Scheimpflug camera and assess the agreement between the two instruments in measuring corneal power in eyes with keratoconus and post-laser in situ keratomileusis（LASIK）. METHODS：One eye each of 36 keratoconic patients and 20 subjects who had undergone LASIK was included in this prospective observational study. Two independent examiners worked in a random order to take three measurements of each eye with both instruments. Four parameters were measured on the anterior cornea：steep keratometry（Ks）,flat keratometry（Kf）,mean keratometry（Km）,and astigmatism（Ks-Kf）. Intra-examiner repeatability and inter-examiner reproducibility were evaluated by calculating the within-subject standard deviation（Sw）the coefficient of repeatability（R）,the coefficient of variation（Co V）,and the intraclass correlation coefficient（ICC）. Agreement between instruments was tested with the BlandAltman method by calculating the 95% limits of agreement（95% Lo A）.RESULTS：In keratoconic eyes,the intra-examiner and inter-examiner ICC were 〉0.95. As compared with measurement by high-resolution Placido disk-based topography,the intra-examiner R of the high-resolution rotating Scheimpflug camera was lower for Kf（0.32 vs 0.88）,Ks（0.61 vs 0.88）,and Km（0.32 vs 0.84）but higher for Ks-Kf（0.70 vs 0.57）. Inter-examiner R values were lower for all parameters measured using the high-resolution rotating Scheimpflug camera. The 95% Lo A were-1.28 to ＋0.55 for Kf,-1.36 to ＋0.99 for Ks,-1.08 to ＋0.50 for Km,and-1.11 to ＋1.48 for Ks-Kf. In the post-LASIK eyes,the intra-examiner andinter-examiner ICC were 〉0.87 for all parameters. The intra-examiner and inter-examiner R were lower for all parameters measured using the high-resolution rotating Scheimpflug camera. The intra-examiner R was 0.17 vs 0.88 for Kf,0.21 vs 0.88 for Ks,0.17 vs 0.86 for Km,and 0.28 vs 0.33 for Ks-Kf. The inter-examiner R was 0.09 vs 0.64 for Kf,0.15 vs 0.56 for Ks,0.09 vs 0.59 for Km,and 0.18 vs 0.23 for Ks-Kf. The 95% Lo A were-0.54 to ＋0.58 for Kf,-0.51 to ＋0.53 for Ks and Km,and-0.28 to ＋0.27 for Ks-Kf. CONCLUSION：As compared with Placido disk-based topography,the high-resolution rotating Scheimpflug camera provides more repeatable and reproducible measurements of Ks,Kf and Ks in keratoconic and post-LASIK eyes. Agreement between instruments is fair in keratoconus and very good in post-LASIK eyes.

The Wavefront Power Spectral Density Measurement of Aspheric Lens with Long Focal-Length Using a Computer-Generated Hologram

To ensure the performance of the optical system, the machining accuracy of lens with long focal lengths is required to ensure the image quality. A new method for lens transmission wavefront power spectral density (PSD) in mid-frequency domain measurement using binary phase computer-generated hologram (CGH) is presented. This technique is widely applicable and is particularly useful for measuring large-size lenses with long focal lengths. A comparison experiment of the CGH measurement with results from a Fizeau sphere interferometry method is carried out to verify the accuracy and convenience of the measurement. Furthermore, measurement uncertainty due to CGH fabrication process is analysed. Analysis of the CGH test showed the overall accuracy of less than 1 nm RMS for a sphere lens with over 30 m focal length and Φ410 mm clear aperture. CGH can provide reference spheres with high precision, in the meantime greatly shorten air space, thus reducing the effect of vibration and air turbulence, therefore is of great importance for lens transmission wavefront PSD measurement. The realization of high precision, high efficiency and nondestructive testing of long focal-lens wavefront PSD ensure the ultra-precision and certainty level of machining, hence improving the comprehensive performance of the optical system.

Power equipment vibration visualization using intelligent sensing method based on event-sensing principle

Vibration measurements can be used to evaluate the operation status of power equipment and are widely applied in equipment quality inspection and fault identification.Event-sensing technology can sense the change in surface light intensity caused by object vibration and provide a visual description of vibration behavior.Based on the analysis of the principle underlying the transformation of vibration behavior into event flow data by an event sensor,this paper proposes an algorithm to reconstruct event flow data into a relationship correlating vibration displacement and time to extract the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the vibration signal.A vibration measurement test platform is constructed,and feasibility and effectiveness tests are performed for the vibration motor and other power equipment.The results show that event-sensing technology can effectively perceive the surface vibration behavior of power and provide a wide dynamic range.Furthermore,the vibration measurement and visualization algorithm for power equipment constructed using this technology offers high measurement accuracy and efficiency.The results of this study provide a new noncontact and visual method for locating vibrations and performing amplitude-frequency analysis on power equipment.

Anomaly-Resistant Decentralized State Estimation Under Minimum Error Entropy With Fiducial Points for Wide-Area Power Systems

This paper investigates the anomaly-resistant decentralized state estimation(SE) problem for a class of wide-area power systems which are divided into several non-overlapping areas connected through transmission lines. Two classes of measurements(i.e., local measurements and edge measurements) are obtained, respectively, from the individual area and the transmission lines. A decentralized state estimator, whose performance is resistant against measurement with anomalies, is designed based on the minimum error entropy with fiducial points(MEEF) criterion. Specifically, 1) An augmented model, which incorporates the local prediction and local measurement, is developed by resorting to the unscented transformation approach and the statistical linearization approach;2) Using the augmented model, an MEEF-based cost function is designed that reflects the local prediction errors of the state and the measurement;and 3) The local estimate is first obtained by minimizing the MEEF-based cost function through a fixed-point iteration and then updated by using the edge measuring information. Finally, simulation experiments with three scenarios are carried out on the IEEE 14-bus system to illustrate the validity of the proposed anomaly-resistant decentralized SE scheme.

Investigation on the multi-hole directional coupler for power measurement of the J-TEXT ECRH system

Power measurement is necessary for an electron cyclotron resonance heating(ECRH)system.The directional coupler method has been put forward to monitor high-power microwave from gyrotrons in real time.A multi-hole directional coupler has been designed and manufactured for the 105 GHz/500 kW ECRH system on the J-TEXT tokamak.During the design process,we established the relationships between hole parameters and coupling characteristics based on the multi-hole coupling method and small-hole coupling theory.High-power tests have been carried out.The results indicated the reasonability of the theoretical design and practicality of the fabricated directional coupler.Sources of test errors have been discussed in detail,and the influences of spurious modes on the directional couplers have been emphatically analyzed.

Experimental study of a technique for load measurement of powered supports

Despite the increasing popularity of mechanized coal mining, there are no convenient and accurate means available to measure the loads of powered supports. The measurement of such loads is important for monitoring mine pressure and ensuring production safety. The load-carrying features of a powered support were used to develop a method for load measurement using the mag-netoelastic principle. A cross bridge-type magnetoelastic stress sensor was designed for the support structures to measure the different parts of the supports. Tests on single-body hydraulic cylinders and simulated linkages showed that an approximately linear relationship between the values of the sensor output signal and the loads borne by the hydraulic cylinders or linkages. The results were used to analyze the load-carrying measurements of powered supports with the cross bridge-type magnetoelastic stress sensor.

Power Pivot技术在工程建设信息化中的应用

为了工程项目和合同明细的管理,跟踪合同的执行情况,及时分析合同工期和费用的偏差,采用Power Pivot技术应用于工程建设信息化。通过建立数据表、关联关系,运用Power Pivot内置的度量值,分别建立查询相关度量值;最后通过Power Pivot内置的度量值,分别建立统计分析相关度量值。该方法实现了单人工程信息的合同管理,为工程建设信息化提供了可靠的技术支持。

Analytical Solution for Model-Based Dynamic Power Factor Measurement in AC Resistance Spot Welding

On the basis of welding transformer circuit model, a new measuring method was proposed. This method measures the peak angle of the welding current, and then calculates the dynamic power factor in each half-wave. An artificial neural network is trained and used to generate simulation data for the analytical solution, i.e. a high-order binary polynomial, which can be easily adopted to calculate the power factor online. The tailored sensing and computing system ensures that the method possesses a real-time computational capacity and satisfying accuracy. A DSP-based resistance spot welding monitoring system was developed to perform ANN computation. The experimental results suggest that this measuring method is feasible.

Resilient Smart Power Grid Synchronization Estimation Method for System Resilience with Partial Missing Measurements

With the increasing demand for power system stability and resilience,effective real-time tracking plays a crucial role in smart grid synchronization.However,most studies have focused on measurement noise,while they seldom think about the problem of measurement data loss in smart power grid synchronization.To solve this problem,a resilient fault-tolerant extended Kalman filter(RFTEKF)is proposed to track voltage amplitude,voltage phase angle and frequency dynamically.First,a threephase unbalanced network’s positive sequence fast estimation model is established.Then,the loss phenomenon of measurements occurs randomly,and the randomness of data loss’s randomness is defined by discrete interval distribution[0,1].Subsequently,a resilient fault-tolerant extended Kalman filter based on the real-time estimation framework is designed using the timestamp technique to acquire partial data loss information.Finally,extensive simulation results manifest the proposed RFTEKF can synchronize the smart grid more effectively than the traditional extended Kalman filter(EKF).

Methods to Evaluate and Measure Power of Pneumatic System and Their Applications

Pneumatic system has been widely used throughout industry, and it consumes more than billions kW h of electricity one year all over the world. So as to improve the efficiency of pneumatic system, its power evaluation as well as measurement methods should be proposed, and their applicability should be validated. In this paper, firstly, power evaluation and measurement methods of pneumatic system were introduced for the first time. Secondly, based on the proposed methods, power distributions in pneumatic system was analyzed. Thirdly, through the analysis on pneumatic efficiencies of typical compressors and pneumatic components, the applicability of the proposed methods were validated. It can be concluded that, first of all, the proposed methods to evaluation and measurement the power of pneumatic system were efficient. Furthermore, the pneumatic power efficiencies of pneumatic system in the air production and cleaning procedure are respectively about 35%–75% and 85%–90%. Moreover, the pneumatic power efficiencies of pneumatic system in the transmission and consumption procedures are about 70%–85% and 10%–35%. And the total pneumatic power efficiency of pneumatic system is about 2%–20%, which varies largely with the system configuration. This paper provides a method to analyze and measure the power of pneumatic system, lay a foundation for the optimization and energy-saving design of pneumatic system.

Power Flow Model for Medium-voltage Distribution Systems Considering Measurement and Structure Characteristics

Medium-voltage distribution systems(MVDSs)mainly consist of a feeder head,lines,distribution transformers,and the equivalent load or power supply interfaced with the distribution transformers.The information of such load or power supply can be measured via the three-wattmeter method(THM)and the two-wattmeter method(TWM).The measurements can be used to perform the control of the power supply and simulate the characteristics of the load,so the models of the load and the power supply need to consider the measurement characteristics.Existing research works on three-phase power flow(PF)just consider the measurement characteristics of THM.Hence,the PF equation of the bus measured via TWM is firstly built.Based on conventional measurements,an accurate and general model of the grounded and ungrounded slack bus is proposed.Furthermore,the influence arising from the connection type and angle shift of distribution transformers on the admittance matrix is considered,and thus a general three-phase transformer model is summarized,which is applicable for all the transformers mentioned herein.Finally,Newton's method is adopted to solve the PF calculation,and the performance of the proposed PF model is demonstrated through designed tests.

Curvature Quantified Douglas-Peucker-based Phasor Measurement Unit Data Compression Method for Power System Situational Awareness

Facing constraints imposed by storage and bandwidth limitations,the vast volume of phasor meas-urement unit(PMU)data collected by the wide-area measurement system(WAMS)for power systems cannot be fully utilized.This limitation significantly hinders the effective deployment of situational awareness technologies for systematic applications.In this work,an effective curvature quantified Douglas-Peucker(CQDP)-based PMU data compression method is proposed for situational awareness of power systems.First,a curvature integrated distance(CID)for measuring the local flection and fluc-tuation of PMU signals is developed.The Doug-las-Peucker(DP)algorithm integrated with a quan-tile-based parameter adaptation scheme is then proposed to extract feature points for profiling the trends within the PMU signals.This allows adaptive adjustment of the al-gorithm parameters,so as to maintain the desired com-pression ratio and reconstruction accuracy as much as possible,irrespective of the power system dynamics.Fi-nally,case studies on the Western Electricity Coordinat-ing Council(WECC)179-bus system and the actual Guangdong power system are performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.The simulation results show that the proposed method achieves stably higher compression ratio and reconstruction accuracy in both steady state and in transients of the power system,and alleviates the compression performance degradation problem faced by existing compression methods.Index Terms—Curvature quantified Douglas-Peucker,data compression,phasor measurement unit,power sys-tem situational awareness.

The electrical parameters measurement system for electrotome output based on Labview

An accurate detection of the effective values of electric voltage and current from high frequency power generators is a precondition for the development of smart electrotomes. In this light, an energy detection system based on personal computer (PC) is developed hereby. It senses voltage and current in isolation from generators with transformers, and then the measured values are amplified, filtered, transformed into single-ended signals and converted to RMS. The detected signals are transformed into digital signals through Data Acquisition Card (DAQ) and the data are processed with quadratic fit in Labview. Finally, the controller completes constant power output. The experiment results indicate that the energy detection system can measure the output parameters precisely and the controller can achieve constant power control.

THE ESTIMATE AND MEASUREMENT OF LONGITUDINAL WAVE INTENSITY

Quasi-longitudinal waves are one type of structural waves, which are important at high frequencies. This paper studies the estimate theory and measurement technique of quasi-longitudinal waves, analyzes the bias error due to the effect of bending waves. In a two-dimensional quasi-longitudinal wave held, the intensity vector is the sum of the effective intensity vector and the intensity variation vector. Its axial component is proportional to two imaginary parts of cross spectral densities and in the measurement, it is measured by a pair of two-transducer arrays. In a one-dimensional quasi-longitudinal wave field, the intensity variation is zero, the intensity is proportional to only one imaginary part of a cross spectral density and it can be measured using a two-transducer array. If bending and quasi-longitudinal waves coexist and the contribution from bending waves cannot be eliminated or reduced to a certain extent, the measured quasi-longitudinal wave intensity will contain a large error. The results measured on the three-beam structure show that quasi-longitudinal wave intensity can be accurately measured using the intensity technique when bending waves are negligible in comparison with quasi-longitudinal waves.