Analysis of eccentric photorefraction by Fourier optics

Eccentric photorefraction usually is used as early eyesight diagnostic test of infants and small children. Unlike currently approved geometrical optical model of eccentric photorefractometer, the crescent formation and the light-intensity distribution in the pupil image of a myopic eye are analyzed by Fourier optics with the assumption of an isotropic scattering retina. In the case of little circular light source and rectangular slit, the simulation results of different myopic diopters are obtained by geometrical optical theory and Fourier optics respectively. It is found that the simulation results by Fourier optics are similar as those obtained by geometrical optics, and all simulations are almost corresponding to the experimental result. The result demonstrates that the new method presented here is feasible.

Eigenvalue spectrum analysis for temporal signals of Kerr optical frequency combs based on nonlinear Fourier transform

Based on the nonlinear Schr?dinger equation(NLSE) with damping, detuning, and driving terms describing the evolution of signals in a Kerr microresonator, we apply periodic nonlinear Fourier transform(NFT) to the study of signals during the generation of the Kerr optical frequency combs(OFCs). We find that the signals in different states, including the Turing pattern, the chaos, the single soliton state, and the multi-solitons state, can be distinguished according to different distributions of the eigenvalue spectrum. Specially, the eigenvalue spectrum of the single soliton pulse is composed of a pair of conjugate symmetric discrete eigenvalues and the quasi-continuous eigenvalue spectrum with eye-like structure.Moreover, we have successfully demonstrated that the number of discrete eigenvalue pairs in the eigenvalue spectrum corresponds to the number of solitons formed in a round-trip time inside the Kerr microresonator. This work shows that some characteristics of the time-domain signal can be well reflected in the nonlinear domain.

Optical Transfer Function Reconstruction in Incoherent Fourier Ptychography

An optical transfer function （OTF） reconstruction model is first embedded into incoherent Fourier ptychography （IFP）. The leading result is a proposed algorithm that can recover both the super-resolution image and the OTF of an imaging system with unknown aberrations simultaneously. This model overcomes the difficult problem of OTF estimation that the previous IFP faces. The effectiveness of this algorithm is demonstrated by numerical simulations, and the superior reconstruction is presented. We believe that the reported algorithm can extend the original IFP for more complex conditions and may provide a solution by using structured light for characterization of optical systems＇ aberrations.

Comparison of Ziemer FEMTO LDV "Classic" and " Crystal Line" femtosecond laser flap quality by Fourierdomain optical coherence tomography

AIM:To compare the regularity and accuracy of laser in situ keratomileusis(LASIK) flaps created by the Ziemer FEMTO LDV 'Classic'(Ziemer 'Classic') and Ziemer FEMTO LDV Crystal Line femtosecond laser(Ziemer Crystal Line). METHODS:Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography(RTVue OCT) was used to measure the morphology of 200 LASIK flaps of 100 consecutive patients created with the Ziemer Classic(100 flaps) or the Ziemer Crystal Line(100 flaps) at one week postoperatively.Flap thickness was evaluated at 36 specified measurement points on each flap.For all procedures with both lasers,the nominal flap thickness was 110μm.RESULTS:The mean flap thickness of the Ziemer Crystal Line group(102.49±2.68μm) was thinner than that of the Ziemer Classic group(107.65±5.09μm)(P【0.01).Average thickness of all flaps was uniform within 4μm at all measurement points.The flaps in the Ziemer Crystal Line group were more regular than those in the Ziemer Classic group when measured from the center to the periphery.The maximum deviation from the nominal 110μm of 36 measurements was 8μm in the Ziemer Classic group,while in the Ziemer Crystal Line group it was 9μm.Within the 3 600 measurements on the 100 eyes,differences greater than 20μm were observed 0.14% in the Ziemer Classic group,and 0.04% in the Ziemer Crystal Line group. CONCLUSION:The flaps created with the Ziemer FEMTO LDV Crystal Line femtosecond laser are more uniform and thinner than those created by the Ziemer FEMTO LDV Classic femtosecond laser.

Optical Image Compression Using a Real Fourier Plane

Hastening transmission by efficiently providing compression is our goal in this work. Image compression consists in reducing information size representing an image. Elimination of redundancies and non-pertinent information enables memory space minimization and thus fast data transmission. Optics can offer an alternative choice to overcome the limitation of numerical compression algorithms. In this paper, we propose real-time optical image compression using a real Fourier plane to save time required for compression by using the principles of coherent optics. Digital and optical simulation results are presented and analyzed. An optical compression decompression setup is demonstrated using two different SLMs (SEIKO and DisplayTech). The purpose of this method is to simplify our earlier method, improve the quality of reconstructed image, and avoid the disadvantages of numerical algorithms.

Fiber Optic Fourier Transform White-Light Interferometry

Fiber optic Fourier transform white-light inter-fereometry is presented to interrogate the absolute optical path difference of an Maeh-Zehnder interferometer. The phase change of the interferometer caused by scanning wavelength can be calculated by a Fourier transform-based phase demodulation technique. A linear output is achieved.

基于螺旋光栅相位和分数Fourier的光学图像加密算法

针对传统图像加密算法鲁棒性不足的问题,本文提出了一种基于螺旋光栅相位和分数Fourier的光学图像加密算法。该算法在密码学及利用分数傅里叶变换频域处理算法进行图像加密的基础上,引入了错位光栅生成的涡旋光束,作为部分加密密钥的思想。首先,利用螺旋相位变换自行设计加密图像的螺旋相位,作为一种加密密钥;其次,使用计算全息法模拟生成的涡旋光束,作为另一种加密密钥;最后,将上述两种密钥组合,生成最终的加密密钥,并利用分数傅里叶变换进行光学图像加密。经统计直方图分析、信息熵分析、差异性分析和抗噪声攻击能力分析等实验结果表明,本算法具有很好的鲁棒性和安全性。

离散色散光域傅里叶变换的延时和带宽扩展研究

光域傅里叶变换为射频频谱分析提供了一种新的解决方案。光域傅里叶变换主要受限于大的二阶色散的获得,而离散傅里叶变换只需要控制离散点的相位,理论上可以解决大色散的获得问题。文章利用光纤环作为离散色散器件,用线性调频信号作为待测信号,进行了光域离散傅里叶变换的研究。该系统是一个快速傅里叶变换系统,每次变换用时约2.07ns。用示波器观测线性调频信号变换前与变换后的波形延迟,可以测出该系统的变换延时,约为100ns,其延时大小主要取决于系统中的光纤长度。该系统可以实现对信号的不间断处理。为了扩展系统的瞬时带宽,对片上集成光微环组方案的可实现性进行了分析。

融合短时傅里叶变换和卷积神经网络的托辊故障诊断方法

托辊故障已成为带式输送机运行中的常见问题。若不能及时诊断托辊故障,则将严重制约带式输送机的安全运行。为了解决上述问题,基于某矿带式输送机中间段托辊的实际运行工况,提出了一种融合短时傅里叶变换(short-time Fourier transform,STFT)和卷积神经网络(convolutional neural network,CNN)的托辊故障诊断方法。首先,以分布式光纤为基础,对托辊在正常、轴承损坏及筒皮断裂工况下运行时的振动信号进行采集并作STFT处理,得到对应的时频图样本集,并将其分为训练集和测试集。然后,将训练集输入CNN模型以进行诊断模型训练,在训练过程中不断更新不同工况下托辊的运行状态特征。最后,将训练好的CNN模型应用于测试集,并输出托辊运行状态的识别结果。结果表明,所构建的CNN模型的识别准确率高达99.6%。基于所提出的故障诊断方法,在某矿上开展现场实验,以进一步验证CNN模型的识别准确率。实验结果表明,CNN模型对带式输送机中间段托辊的运行状态有较高的识别准确率,可达96.5%,与测试集上的识别准确率仅相差3.1个百分点,说明所提出的故障诊断方法具有一定的可靠性。后续可通过不断增加不同工况下托辊的运行数据来提高该故障诊断方法的鲁棒性,这可为煤矿企业有效诊断托辊故障提供有力的理论基础。

Hartmann－Shack波前传感器的Fourier光学分析

Ｈａｒｔｍａｎｎ－Ｓｈａｃｋ波前传感器是自适应光学中几种重要的波前传感器之一。本文利用Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ光学方法分析研究了Ｈａｒｔｍａｎｎ－Ｓｈａｃｋ波前传感器的原理，导出了辐照度分布质心与子孔径波前倾斜的解析表达式，说明了辐照度分布质心及其算法的物理意义，总结了该传感器的若干重要特点。

“工程光学”傅里叶变换光谱仪实验设计

“工程光学”是测控技术与仪器等专业重要的专业课程,该课程理论性较强,学生往往对课程涉及的物理原理认识不够深刻,难以应用到实践当中。通过设计傅里叶变换光谱仪实验,将仪器设计和研发实践融入到理论学习当中,有助于提高学生的创新精神和实践能力,探索工程实践与课堂教学的有机融合模式。

傅里叶单像素成像技术研究进展(特邀)

计算光学成像,通过光学系统和信号处理的有机结合与联合优化实现特定成像特性的成像系统,摆脱了传统成像系统的限制,为光学成像技术添加了浓墨重彩的一笔,并逐步向简单化与智能化的方向发展。单像素成像(Single-Pixel Imaging,SPI)作为计算成像的重要分支,受到诸多学者的广泛关注。SPI利用空间光调制器调制出一系列具有不同空间结构的照明光场并投射到待成像目标场景,再用单像素探测器记录光场强度信息;而后利用预置的照明光场与记录的信号强度值之间的关联信息,实现对探测目标计算成像。由于其不需要面阵列探测器、调焦系统等复杂器件的配合使用,大大降低了光学成像的门槛。傅里叶单像素成像(Fourier Single-Pixel Imaging,FSPI)作为SPI典型的成像方法之一,由于其高效的成像表现,自被提出之后已经被应用到三维成像、边缘检测、散射成像等众多领域,衍生出了一系列的成像技术。文中从SPI的角度出发,主要介绍了FSPI的实现原理及相关成像技术方法研究进展,主要包括FSPI的光场调制技术、路径优化技术、重构方法及相应的应用场景研究进展,同时也对该领域亟待解决的问题进行了总结分析,并对未来的研究方向及相关应用进行了展望。

基于微透镜阵列的蓝光匀化系统设计及实验研究

为了提高蓝光半导体激光器光束的均匀性,采用傅里叶光学理论建立匀光系统数学模型并进行理论分析,运用相关软件对匀光系统进行仿真模拟,搭建了一套基于微透镜阵列的蓝光匀光系统,利用该系统得到光斑均匀性为87.6%的匀化光斑。结果表明,匀化光斑的均匀性不仅与微透镜阵列子透镜的焦距和孔径相关,也与聚焦透镜的焦距相关,采用焦距为100 mm的菲涅耳透镜得到的匀化光斑均匀度要比焦距为80 mm的菲涅耳透镜得到的匀化光斑均匀度高约9.2%。该研究为具有较高集成度和较轻体积的蓝光光束匀光系统提供了理论和设计思路。

用Fourier分解法测量材料表面的Mueller矩阵

测量系统采用双旋转延迟器结构,通过两个1/4波片的周期变化,对入射光、散射光的偏振态进行调制.由探测光强的25个Fourier分解系数可以计算得到样品的Mueller矩阵.为了检测测量系统的准确性,将测量的16个自由空间Mueller矩阵分量和理想情况下的自由空间Mueller矩阵分量进行比较,并给出了每个矩阵分量的标准误差.最后,通过测量聚四氟乙烯样品板的Mueller矩阵,定量地分析样品的退偏效应.

Fourier方法分析Moire条纹

该文用Fourier光学方法分析了分离一定距离的2个Ronchi光栅产生的Moire条纹。在第二块光栅后面直接观察,所得Moire条纹实质上为多光束干涉条纹。在第二块光栅后面加上滤波系统,适当滤波后,Moire条纹成为三光束干涉条纹或双光束干涉条纹。文中对滤波后的Moire条件进行了理论分析,给出了零号频谱滤波和Ⅰ号频谱滤频波下Moire条纹的方程和对比度,得到条纹的方程和对比度与两光栅间距的关系,并给出了与理论相一致的实验结果。

基于QR码与级联Fourier变换的图像光学加密算法

为实现对多幅图像完成同步加密,并提高密文的安全性与抗几何变换攻击能力,提出基于快速响应码(QR)与级联分数阶Fourier变换的多图像光学加密算法。借助Logistic映射,获取随机掩码,联合Fresnel波带、Hilbert模型,构建调制掩码;引入复数理论,借助模板图像对第一幅明文实施处理,形成复数图像;采用分数阶Fourier变换,借助调制掩码,对复数图像实施处理,并基于相位-幅度截断机制,得到相位分布与密钥;再结合相位截断方法与分数阶Fourier变换,设计级联快速傅里叶变换(FFT)加密机制,通过调制掩码与相位分布,对剩余的多幅明文实施频域变换处理,输出融合幅度图像,并将其转换为对应的QR码;引入Gyrator变换,通过相应的光电装置,利用激光束对QR码完成干涉处理,得到密文。测试数据表明:相对已有的多图像光学加密技术,本算法具备更高的保密安全性与抗攻击能力,在裁剪变换下,其复原图像的失真度更小。

一种减小光纤传感系统频谱噪声的信号处理方法研究

针对基于短时傅里叶变换的布里渊光时域反射仪(STFT-BOTDR)系统噪声频谱泄漏导致的布里渊频移误差问题,提出利用布莱克曼窗函数解决频谱噪声的信号处理方法。首先搭建STFT-BOTDR系统,采集到包含系统变频模块产生低频噪声的布里渊信号,然后分别利用海明窗函数和布莱克曼窗函数解调的布里渊增益谱和布里渊频移分布。实验结果显示:利用布莱克曼窗函数比利用海明窗函数更能有效解决STFT-BOTDR系统中由于低频噪声发生频谱泄漏产生的谐波使布里渊增益谱失真的现象,减少布里渊频移的测量误差。实验表明利用窗函数解决系统频谱噪声的方法,在1.8 km的待测光纤上利用布莱克曼窗函数解调的布里渊频移分布测量精度达到1.4691 MHz,系统性能得到了提升,有利于加速低成本、中精度STFT-BOTDR系统的工程应用进程。

理想导体目标重建的Fourier衍射定理

本文给出推广的物理光学近似下理想导体目标的Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ衍射定理，其形式与介质目标的相应关系式十分相似，利用这一关系式可以由测量直线上散射场分布重建二维理想导体目标Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ域的空间谱值。通过简单例子讨论了这一关系式的适用性。

Nonlinear Optical Spatial Filtering for Medical Image Processing

The nonlinear properties of Tris(acetylacetonato) Manganese(III) are used to manipulate the spatial frequencies at the Fourier plane using 4f-z scan. The technique is a simple self-adaptive all-optical system, which performs image processing and nonlinear optical measurements at the same time. Preferred spatial frequencies can be selected by shifting the nonlinear sample through the focus. Edge enhancement was demonstrated by filtering of low frequency with the nonlinear material at the Fourier plane.

基于多混沌和分数Fourier的光学图像加密算法

针对双随机相位编码光学图像加密系统的非线性不足和密钥空间小的问题,提出一种基于多混沌和分数Fourier变换的光学图像加密算法.首先,迭代分数阶Chen混沌系统生成三组混沌序列,分别置乱明文图像的三基色分量以减小图像像素相关性.然后,利用量子细胞神经网络超混沌系统调制随机相位模板,以其复杂的非线性动力学特征弥补双随机相位编码系统非线性不足的缺陷.其次,通过使用分数阶混沌、超混沌系统和二维分数Fourier变换使加密算法的密钥空间达到了2^(765).最后,密钥敏感性测试、相关性分析、已知明文攻击、噪声攻击和剪切攻击等实验表明本算法具有密钥敏感性强、密文图像像素相关性低和抗攻击性强的优点.