Rapid and sensitive analysis of trace b-blockers by magnetic solidphase extraction coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

A rapid and sensitive method for analyzing trace b-blockers in complex biological samples,which involved magnetic solid-phase extraction(MSPE)coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry(FTICR-MS),was developed.Novel nanosilver-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles with an interlayer of poly(3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine)(polyDOPA@Ag-MNPs)were synthesized and used as MSPE adsorbents to extract trace b-blockers from biological samples.After extraction,the analytes loaded on the polyDOPA@Ag-MNPs were desorbed using an organic solvent and analyzed by FTICR-MS.The method was rapid and sensitive,with a total detection procedure of less than 10 min as well as limits of detection and quantification in the ranges of 3.5-6.8 pg/mL and 11.7-22.8 pg/mL,respectively.The accuracy of the method was also desirable,with recoveries ranging from 80.9%to 91.0%following the detection of analytes in human blood samples.All the experimental results demonstrated that the developed MSPE-FTICR-MS method was suitable for the rapid and sensitive analysis of trace b-blockers in complex biological samples.

Composition and distribution of NSO compounds in two different shales at the early maturity stage characterized by negative ion electrospray ionization coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry （GC/MS） can only analyze volatile molecular compounds, and it has limitations when applied to determine the complex components of crude oils and hydrocarbon source rocks. Based on Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry （FT-ICR-MS） and GC/MS analyses, the molecular compositions of NSO compounds in extracts from the Permian Dalong Formation, Sichuan Basin and the Permian Lucaogou Formation, Junggar Basin in China were compared. Analyses of types of heteroatoms present （S~, $2, $3, OS, OS2, 02S, NS, and NOS compounds） suggest that marine shales from the Dalong Formation are mainly composed of carboxylic acids （02 com- pounds） with a high abundance of fatty acids, indicating a marine phytoplankton organic source. However, lacustrine shales from the Lucaogou Formation are dominated by pyrrolic compounds （N1 compounds） with abundant dibenzocar- bazole. It suggests that the organic source materials may be derived from lower aquatic organisms and lacustrine algae. Overall, FT-ICR-MS has potential for applications in analyses and determination of depositional environments and organic sources in petroleum geology.

Studies on Fragmentation of Peptide by Nano-electrospray Ionization Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Multi-stage Tandem Mass Spectrometry

The sequence analysis of peptides was performed by nano-electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance tandem mass spectrometry（Nano-ESI-FT-ICR-MSn） and several peptides were chosen as examples. With the aid of the collision induced dissociation（CID）, FT-ICR provides not only precise mass/charge ratio, but also structure information of the selected peptides. The fragment ions were identified according to the observed molecular weights and peptide sequence was determined successfully. So Nano-ESI-FT-ICR-MSn is a useful tool for identification of the amino acid sequence of peptides with high confidence. Besides, a pathway for the dehydration of y ions without amino acids containing carboxylic acid under sustained off-resonance irradiation collision-induced dissociation（SORI-CID） condition was proposed.

Sequence analysis of peptides with biological activities using electrospray-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

The mass spectra of five peptides with biological activities are reported. All mass spectra were recorded using a 4.7-T Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer equipped with an external electrospray source. The accurate molecular weights for the five peptides prepared by solid phase synthesis were measured as 1765.9013, 1063.5420, 1092.5254, 820.3804 and 1078.5193, respectively. All the data were obtained with the external calibration. Differences between observed and theoretical monoisotopic molecular weights were in the (0.2-1.0)×10-6 range. The complete primary sequence for the five polypep-tides were determined using the method of in-source electrospray ionization/collision induced dissociation (ESI/CID). All the intact y series ions and b series ions were obtained from various peptides respectively, thus determining the sequences of the five polypeptides. We found that the meas-ured accurate molecular mass of sample 4 was not in agreement with that expected from the planned

Advanced molecular-fingerprinting analysis of dissolved organic sulfur by electrospray ionization-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry using optimal spray solvent

Molecular level characterization of dissolved organic sulfur(DOS)by electrospray ionizationFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry(ESI-FTICR MS)is necessary for further understanding of the role of DOS in the environment.Here,ESI spray solvent,a key parameter for ion production during ESI process,was investigated for its effect on the molecular characterization of DOS by ESI-FTICR MS.100%MeOH as spray solvent was found for the first time to remarkably enhance the ionization efficiency of the majority of CHOS-molecules in NOM,which facilitated a total of 1473 CHOS-molecular formulas with one sulfur atom to be detected.The number of CHOS-molecular formulas obtained using 100%MeOH as spray solvent increased notably over 740 in comparison with those using 50%MeOH aqueous solution(731)or 50%ACN aqueous solution(653).Moreover,due to the enhancement of ionization efficiency of DOS during ESI processes,the tandem mass spectra of the NOM CHOS-molecules could be easily obtained using 100%MeOH as spray solvent,which were hardly obtained using 50%MeOH aqueous solution as spray solvent.The results of the tandem mass spectra suggested the first discovery of organosulfates or sulfonic acids in Suwannee River NOM sample.A simple method based on 100%MeOH as ESI spray solvent for advanced molecular characterization of DOS by ESI-FTICR MS was proposed and applied,and the results revealed more molecular information of DOS in sea DOM samples.

Combination of Solid-Phase Micro-Extraction and Direct Analysis in Real Time-Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry for Sensitive and Rapid Analysis of 15 Phthalate Plasticizers in Beverages

A method for rapid identification and quantification of phthalate plasticizers in beverages was developed.A number of 15 phthalate plasticizers which covered all the phthalates concerned in the US Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act(CPSIA),European Union legislations and Chinese national standards(GB)were analyzed.By a combined solid-phase micro-extraction(SPME)and direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry(DART-MS)approach,phthalates at sub-ng•mL^(−1)levels can be qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed in a short time.The use of ultrahigh-resolving power and the accurate mass measurement capacity naturally provided by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry(FT-ICR-MS)minimizes the matrix interferences and thus enables the evaluation of phthalates in a complex matrix without extensive sample handlings or preparations.The limits of quantification(LOQs)were estimated to be at 0.3-5.0 ng•mL^(−1),lower than the Maximum Residue Limit(MRL)regulated by the European Union legislations(2007/19/EC)in foods,beverages,food packaging and toys(0.3-30 ng•mL^(−1)).This rapid and easy-to-use SPME-DART-FT-ICR-MS method provided a relatively high-throughput and powerful analytical approach for quick testing and screening phthalates in beverages and water samples to ensure food safety.

Visualization of decreased docosahexaenoic acid in the hippocampus of rats fed an n – 3 fatty acid-deficient diet by imaging mass spectrometry

The present study employed an imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) method to evaluate the effect of dietary n – 3 fatty acids on the fatty acid composition in rat brain. Rats were divided into two groups and fed either an n – 3 fatty acid-deficient or adequate diet. We determined the decreased n – 3 fatty acids in the hippocampus of rats fed an n – 3 fatty acid-deficient diet compared to the control. IMS visualization was achieved at a resolution of 100 m in rat brain, and showed decreased docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-containing phosphatidyl choline (PC) or phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) in the hippocampus of rats fed an n – 3 fatty acid-deficient diet.

Electrospray Ionization Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometric Study on Sodium Azide Cluster Ions

Sodium azide has rarely been studied in gas phase or in the form of cluster ions and as a model of solid ener-getic substances and inorganic azide salt was ionized by electrospray ionization (ESI) and studied by high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry (MS) systematically. This paper highlights the effects of experimental conditions on the formation of salt cluster and the collision activation dissociation path-ways of cluster ions to develop a microscopic understanding of inorganic azide salt clusters.

天然气净化厂废水处理过程中溶解性有机物的变化

溶解性有机物(DOM)是废水达标排放标准的重要考虑因素,综合分析废水中DOM的分子组成是对其高效去除的前提。以某天然气净化厂废水为研究对象,采用傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱法(FT-ICR MS)和三维荧光光谱(3D-EEMs)从分子层面深入分析氧化过程中DOM的荧光性质、分子组成、质荷比、分子转化。EEM结果表明,废水中主要以类腐殖质物质为主,其次为富里酸类物质。O_(3)/H_(2)O_(2)氧化降低了类腐殖质物质的荧光强度,但DOM降解受限于臭氧与富含电子有机物的反应特性;而O_(3)/H_(2)O_(2)-Fenton联合氧化能大幅降低总荧光强度,有效去除类腐殖质。FT-ICR MS结果表明,O_(3)/H_(2)O_(2)氧化去除了部分CHO类、CHON类DOM,但对CHOS类、CHONS类DOM的去除效果欠佳。多环芳烃和高度不饱和的化合物被臭氧降解为脂肪族类化合物,增加了CHO类DOM含氧量。O_(3)/H_(2)O_(2)-Fenton氧化对CHOS类、CHONS类DOM具有较好的去除效果,去除了大部分多酚化合物,生成具有含氧量更低和饱和度更高的DOM。同时,联合氧化极大地缓解了超滤膜污染,去除了大部分可逆污染和不可逆污染。

长三角典型城郊流域溶解性有机质的分子特征:以浙江樟溪为例

溶解性有机质(DOM)在流域水环境中广泛存在,参与各种生物地球化学循环过程。快速的城镇化过程和人类活动显著改变了流域水体DOM含量和特性,从分子层面上解析DOM在流域尺度上的时空分异特征对流域水质管控具有重要的理论和应用价值。以长三角地区樟溪流域为研究对象,依据土地利用和人类活动强度布设采样点,于2022年7月采集水样。结果表明,樟溪流域水体溶解性有机物主要的分子式元素组成为CHO、CHON、CHOS,其中木质素/富羧酸脂环分子类有机物相对占比最高。在子流域空间分布上,人类活动强的子流域CHON、CHONS类型化合物含量更高。选取采样点距城镇距离、距源头距离以及土地利用类型所占采样点缓冲区的比例来表征人类活动的影响。结果表明,流域内DOM杂原子受人类活动强度影响,距源头的距离与水体DOM分子中氮原子的强度加权平均值(N wa)和CHON化合物百分呈显著正相关,与碳、氢原子和荷质比的强度加权平均值(C wa、H wa、m/z wa)呈显著负相关。CHON分子的相对丰度与林地面积比例呈显著负相关,与农业用地比例呈显著正相关。比较具有典型土地利用类型的水体DOM:典型农田、城镇土地利用类型DOM含有更多独特的CHON分子式,农田DOM在木质素/富羧酸脂环分子区域出现CHON分子式的富集,城镇DOM在脂肪类和木质素/富羧酸脂环分子区域均出现了CHON分子式富集。研究表明在城郊流域中,人类活动显著改变了水体DOM的分子特征,增加了分子多样性,促进了特定分子式的富集。

基于FT-ICR MS表征达古冰川冬春季节表层雪中DOM分子组成变化

分析冰川中溶解性有机质(dissolved organic matter,DOM)的迁移转化特征是评估冰川消融对下游生态环境效应的重要依据,但冰川表层雪中DOM在冬春季节的迁移转化特征尚不明确。本文以达古冰川冬春季节表层雪和春季冰川径流为研究对象,使用傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱(FT-ICR MS)对表层雪和径流中DOM进行分子层次表征。结果显示:达古冰川冬春季节表层雪中DOM化学组成非常丰富,主要包括脂类、多肽类、不饱和烃类,还含有少量的酚类、多环芳烃类和糖类,来源包括微生物活动和陆源性输入。春季径流中DOM的主要来源是陆源性输入,受人类活动影响较大。分析不同季节表层雪DOM的分子组成变化,发现冬季低温环境有利于表层雪中脂类、多肽类和含S类DOM分子的富集,春季气温升高则有利于表层雪中多肽类、不饱和烃类和含N类DOM分子的富集。比较春季径流和表雪中DOM的分子组成变化,发现径流中杂原子类DOM含量降低,微生物来源的脂类和多肽类DOM含量降低,陆源性的酚类和多环芳烃类含量显著增加,说明径流中DOM的生物活性降低而光反应活性增加。因此随着冰川持续消融大量的冰川融水将DOM带入下游水环境,在微生物活动和光反应过程的共同作用下增加温室气体CO_(2)的排放,增强温室效应。

超高酸原油中石油酸分子组成表征与腐蚀性预测

采用傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱法对国内某超高酸原油及其馏分油中的石油酸分子组成进行表征,研究Q345R、1Cr5Mo、304L和316L 4种典型炼油装置用材在不同酸值(Total acid number,TAN)油品中的静态腐蚀行为,并构建高温酸腐蚀预测模型。结果表明,TAN为10.403 mg KOH/g、含2个氧原子的O2类石油羧酸是石油酸的主要成分,其中二环、三环环烷酸和单环芳香羧酸含量相对较高。168 h静态挂片腐蚀实验结果表明,4种材质腐蚀速率均随温度升高而增加,高于280℃后增加趋势逐渐变缓。不同材质微观腐蚀形貌存在显著差异:Q345R整体呈现均匀腐蚀形态;1Cr5Mo表面形成密集蚀坑;304L表面分布少量浅表性腐蚀区;316L仍可见金属光泽。根据腐蚀速率结果,考虑脂肪酸、环烷酸和芳香酸与金属的结合作用,将石油酸分子组成作为腐蚀预测模型的修正项,采用Levenberg-Marquardt(LM)算法拟合模型参数,模型相关系数R 2大于0.950,均方根误差RMSE小于0.089,可实现超高酸原油腐蚀性的早期预测,为指导超高酸原油加工装置合理选材、制定检维修计划提供支持。

Compositional Characterization of Nitrogen Compounds in Changqing Crude Oil and Its Heavy Distillates

The nitrogen-containing compounds in Changqing crude oil, its atmospheric residue(AR), and vacuum reside(VR) were characterized by negative and positive ion electrospray ionization(ESI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry(FT-ICR MS). The heteroatom compounds(N_1, N_2, N_1O_1, O_1, and O_2 class species) could be identified by the negative ESI analysis, while the positive mode could only detect the N_1, N_2, and N_1O_1 class species. Among them, the N_1 class species were found to be predominant in crude oil, as confirmed by either negative or positive ESI analyses,which were similar in composition to AR and VR. These compounds with higher abundance were characterized by double bond equivalent(DBE) values and carbon numbers. The composition of these compounds in crude oil and its AR as well as VR was correlated with their different boiling range, DBE values and carbon numbers. The negative ESI analysis showed that the abundant N_1 class species in crude oil and AR were centered at a DBE value of 12, and these species were likely benzocarbazoles, while the N_1 class species with the DBE value ranging from 13 to 16 having more complicated molecular structures were dominant in VR. And the positive ESI analysis gave the information of the abundant N_1 class species in crude oil, AR, and VR having the DBE values in the range of 10, 9―11, and 10―16, respectively, which were likely the compounds with the core of quinoline and benzoquinoline. The analysis confirmed that the distillation process in refinery preferentially removed the low DBE value and low molecular N-class species and brought them into the light and medium distillates, while those N-class species having a high molecular condensation in the molecules with large carbon number remained in the residual oil and could continually affect the downstream oil refining process.

基于FT-ICR MS表征煤焦化废水处理过程有机物分子组成变化

有效去除水溶性有机质(DOM)是废水处理的一项重要内容,但DOM分子组成及其在处理过程中的变化规律并不明确。本文以一整套煤焦化废水为研究对象,通过液-液萃取和固相萃取分离得到不同极性的水相有机质组分,使用傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱(FT-ICR MS)对所得的有机质进行分子层次表征。油相和水相有机质的水溶性总有机碳(TOC)比例基本一致,随着处理过程的进行,废水的“油性”越来越弱,能溶解在二氯甲烷中的有机质越来越少,最后所剩的主要是一些难以降解的腐殖质类物质;而水相有机质具有极其复杂的分子组成,在单一质谱图中共鉴定出70余种不同种类的化合物,这些化合物,尤其是O_(4)S_(1)类化合物,虽然在废水处理过程中有很好的去除效果,但在最终出水中仍有残留。

基于激光拉曼和傅里叶变换质谱实验的高—过成熟有机质特征评价

如何准确评价沉积有机质特征是油气资源勘探开发工作的关键问题之一,勘探开发实践证实高—过成熟有机质特征评价尤其困难。为此,以松辽盆地下白垩统沙河子组、四川盆地下志留统龙马溪组和下寒武统筇竹寺组烃源岩为研究对象,运用激光拉曼和傅里叶变换质谱等方法对烃源岩样品进行了有机质特征评价,开展了超高分辨率的傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱(FT-ICR MS)实验,并从分子角度讨论了有机质热演化特征,计算了烃源岩样品的成熟度评价指标(MAT),表征了有机质分子化合物相对含量动态变化规律,实现了可连续量化的有机质成熟度评价。研究结果表明:①松辽盆地沙河子组、四川盆地龙马溪组和筇竹寺组烃源岩的有机质具有良好的生油气潜力,镜质体反射率(R_(o))大于1.30%,有机质的热演化程度为高—过成熟;②松辽盆地沙河子组烃源岩有机质化合物以碳氢类型为主,四川盆地龙马溪组和筇竹寺组以硫化合物和氧化合物为主,碳氢化合物、N_(1)、O_(1)、S_(1)化合物的单同位素离子总丰度呈现出随成熟度的增加而降低的趋势;③在R_(o)=0~2.50%、岩石热解高峰温度(T_(max))介于420~600℃时,烃源岩的MAT与成熟度正相关,而当R_(o)>2.50%、T_(max)>600℃时,MAT出现逐渐下降的现象,该现象可能与有机质分子化合物的热稳定性和沥青、石墨的生成有关;④激光拉曼光谱实验结果证实了基于FT-ICR MS的成熟度指标化合物中芳香环增加的现象。结论认为,激光拉曼和傅里叶变换质谱从不同角度揭示了热演化过程中有机质的结构变化,为高—过成熟烃源岩的有机质特征评价提供了启示。

2种电离方法综合表征有机气溶胶的分子组成

为了全面表征有机气溶胶(OA)分子组成,将电喷雾电离(ESI)源和激光解析电离(LDI)源结合傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱(FT-ICR MS)得到OA质谱数据,并将不同电离技术得到的质谱数据进行对比。结果表明:ESI源和LDI源对不同的OA分子具有显著的电离选择性,ESI源更易电离高度不饱和化合物及不饱和脂肪族化合物,并在大分子质量的化合物分析中有电离优势;LDI源更易电离多酚类和多环芳烃类化合物,且电离化合物的分子质量较小。

A^(2)/O工艺中溶解性有机氮的分子转化与生物有效性特征

本研究探究了厌氧/缺氧/好氧(A^(2)/O)工艺沿程溶解性有机氮(DON)浓度分布及其分子转化规律,并运用多种方法表征了各单元污水DON的生物有效性特征.结果表明,DON浓度由进水(5.3±0.3)mg/L沿厌氧池、缺氧池分别下降至(2.0±0.1),(1.8±0.2)mg/L,而有意思的是好氧池中DON浓度反而升高至(1.9±0.1)mg/L,去除率竟为(-5.6±0.6)%.傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱(FT-ICR-MS)分析DON分子组成特征显示,各单元活性DON分子(H/C≥1.5)占比为:厌氧池(38%)<缺氧池(41%)<好氧池(42%),表明好氧池出水DON最不稳定,易被受纳水体中藻类微生物摄取利用.同时在各单元产生的DON分子中,以蛋白/氨基糖类化合物为特征的微生物源DON占比沿程上升,由厌氧池24.77%分别上升至缺氧池29.12%、好氧池33.11%,表明微生物源DON分子是导致好氧池出水DON生物有效性升高的原因.进一步地,采用藻类生物测定厌氧池、缺氧池和好氧池沿程DON生物有效性,分别为(33.2±3.0)%、(34.9±7.0)%和(42.1±4.0)%,该结果证实了FT-ICR-MS的测定结论.此外,主成分分析表明,相比于厌氧池和缺氧池,温度对好氧池DON分子组成具有显著影响,且冬季好氧池出水DON生物有效性(49.3%±2%)高于夏季(42.1%±4.0%).因此,冬季好氧池出水DON具有更高的富营养化潜在风险.

丹江口水库土壤和水体溶解性有机质的分子结构特征分析

采用傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱(FT-ICR MS)分析了丹江口水库土壤和水体溶解性有机质(DOM)的分子结构特征,得到土壤和水体DOM的化合物类型分布、等效双键数及碳数分布特征。结果表明:该区土壤DOM由CHO、CHOS_(1)、CHON_(1)、CHON_(2)、CHON_(3)和CHON_(1)S_(1)6类化合物组成,其中以CHO类为主,该类化合物的主要组分为木质素;DOM分子的芳香性结构主要与CHO和CHON_(1)类化合物有关;低氧原子数和高氧原子数的特征分子均含有芳香结构。该区水体DOM的化合物组成与土壤相似,但不同种类化合物的占比在两者之间表现不同;芳香类化合物的组成与土壤相似,主要也与CHO和CHON_(1)类物质有关;低氧原子数的特征分子大多为支链结构,从O_(4)分子开始含有较多的羧基和芳香结构。该研究为深入理解不同生态系统DOM的分子结构特征提供了一定的理论依据。

基于ESI FT-ICR MS分析可溶性有机质综合实验教学设计

电喷雾电离源(ESI)耦合傅立叶变换离子回旋共振质谱(FT-ICR MS)是研究复杂有机质分子组成最为有效的技术手段之一,已广泛应用于各类溶解性有机质(DOM)的分子表征。该文基于ESI FT-ICR MS分析可溶性有机质的实验室方法设计了一个综合教学实验。首先采用固相萃取技术富集湖水样品中的DOM,再通过调谐质控样品的质量分辨率、质量精度以及谱图的相对强度等确定质谱参数,完成上机实验。通过可视化数据方法,展现了各类型化合物的相对丰度和分布规律。该教学实验将实验操作与仪器操作、数据处理相结合,锻炼了学生的实验动手能力和仪器操作能力,促进了他们对有机质谱新型分析方法和技术手段的了解,拓宽了科研视野。

超高效液相色谱-傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱法解析溶解性有机质的化学多样性

采用傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱(FT-ICR MS)结合四极检测技术,对水体、气溶胶和土壤样品中溶解性有机质(DOM)进行在线超高效液相色谱(UPLC)-质谱分析。3种环境样品主要组成为强极性含盐化合物、富氧低饱和度的单宁酸类化合物、低氧高饱和度的木质素类化合物及蛋白/氨基糖类化合物。UPLC-FT-ICR MS适合分析DOM的分子组成,在水体、气溶胶和土壤DOM中能够有效匹配分子式的质谱峰数目分别为12 027、15 593和8 029个。质谱数据经可视化处理后发现,水体样品的特有组分主要出现在0.1<O/C<0.5、1.0<H/C<1.7区域,为低氧高饱和度的木质素组分;气溶胶样品的特有组分主要出现在0.4<O/C<1.0、1.5<H/C<2.0区域,属于碳水化合物的分布范围;土壤样品在不同极性洗脱段有不同的特有组分,亲水段的特有组分主要出现在0.6<O/C<1.0、0.5<H/C<1.0区域,为单宁酸类化合物,而疏水段的特有组分主要为木质素类化合物。本研究以探索的方式,提出了采用UPLC-FT-ICR MS分析环境体系DOM的方法,选用不同极性的流动相利用UPLC对环境样品中的DOM进行分离,并结合高分辨质谱分析,表征了DOM分离为不同极性组分后的分子组成以及其可能的化合物类型,为揭示更全面的DOM分子组成提供了技术支持。