This paper compares the correlation dimension (D2) and Higuchi fractal dimension (HFD) approaches in estimating BIS index based on of electroencephalogram (EEG). The single-channel EEG data was captured in both ICU an...This paper compares the correlation dimension (D2) and Higuchi fractal dimension (HFD) approaches in estimating BIS index based on of electroencephalogram (EEG). The single-channel EEG data was captured in both ICU and operating room and different anesthetic drugs, including propofol and isoflurane were used. For better analysis, application of adaptive segmentation on EEG signal for estimating BIS index is evaluated and compared to fixed segmentation. Prediction probability (PK) is used as a measure of correlation between the predictors and BIS index to evaluate the proposed methods. The results show the ability of these algorithms (specifically HFD algorithm) in predicting BIS index. Also, evolving fixed and adaptive windowing methods for segmentation of EEG reveals no meaningful difference in estimating BIS index.展开更多
The separation of anomalies from geochemical background is an important part of data analysis because lack of such identifications might have profound influence on or even distort the final analysis results. In this a...The separation of anomalies from geochemical background is an important part of data analysis because lack of such identifications might have profound influence on or even distort the final analysis results. In this article, 1 672 geochemical analytical data of 11 elements, including Cu, Mo, Ag, Sn, and others, from a region within Tibet, South China, are used as one example. Together with the traditional anomaly recognition method of using the iterative mean ±2σ local multifractality theory has been utilized to delineate the ranges of geochemical anomalies of the elements. To different degrees, on the basis of original data mapping, C-A fractal analysis and singularity exponents, Sn differs from the other 10 elements. Moreover, geochemical mapping results based on values of the multifractal asymmetry index for all elements delineate the highly anomalous area. Similar to other 10 elements, the anomalous areas of Sn delineated by the asymmetry index distribute along the main structure orientations. According to the asymmetry indexes, the 11 elements could be classified into 3 groups： （1） Ag and Au, （2） As-Sb-Cu-Pb-Zn-Mo, and （3） Sn-Bi-W. This parageneflc association of elements can be used to interpret possible origins of mineralization, which is in agreement with petrological analysis and field survey results.展开更多
Conventional pressure-transient models have been developed under the assumption of homogeneous reservoir. However, core, log and outcrop data indicate this assumption is not realistic in most cases. But in many cases,...Conventional pressure-transient models have been developed under the assumption of homogeneous reservoir. However, core, log and outcrop data indicate this assumption is not realistic in most cases. But in many cases, the homogeneous models are still applied to obtain an effective permeability corresponding to fictitious homogeneous reservoirs. This approach seems reasonable if the permeability variation is sufficiently small. In this paper, fractal dimension and fractal index are introduced into the seepage flow mechanism to establish the fluid flow models in fractal reservoir under three outer-boundary conditions. Exact dimensionless solutions are obtained by using the Laplace transformation assuming the well is producing at a constant rate. Combining the Stehfest’s inversion with the Vongvuthipornchai’s method, the new type curves are obtained. The sensitivities of the curve shape to fractal dimension (θ) and fractal index (d) are analyzed;the curves don’t change too much when θ is a constant and d change. For a closed reservoir, the up-curving has little to do with θ when d is a constant;but when θ is a constant, the slope of the up-curving section almost remains the same, only the pressure at the starting point decreases with the increase of d;and when d = 2 and θ = 0, the solutions and curves become those of the conventional reservoirs, the application of this solution has also been introduced at the end of this paper.展开更多
In this paper, the researcher explored and analyzed the function between integral indices of derivative. It is proved that getting half-derivative twice is equivalent to first derivative. Also getting the triple of on...In this paper, the researcher explored and analyzed the function between integral indices of derivative. It is proved that getting half-derivative twice is equivalent to first derivative. Also getting the triple of one-third derivative is equal to first derivative. Similarly, getting four times of one-fourth derivative is equal to first derivative.展开更多
The geological strength index(GSI) system,widely used for the design and practice of mining process,is a unique rock mass classification system related to the rock mass strength and deformation parameters based on the...The geological strength index(GSI) system,widely used for the design and practice of mining process,is a unique rock mass classification system related to the rock mass strength and deformation parameters based on the generalized Hoek-Brown and Mohr-Coulomb failure criteria.The GSI can be estimated using standard chart and field observations of rock mass blockiness and discontinuity surface conditions.The GSI value gives a numerical representation of the overall geotechnical quality of the rock mass.In this study,we propose a method to determine the GSI quantitatively using photographic images of in situ jointed rock mass with image processing technology,fractal theory and artificial neural network(ANN).We employ the GSI system to characterize the jointed rock mass around the working in a coal mine.The relative error between the proposed value and the given value in the GSI chart is less than 3.6%.展开更多
Based on the TM remote sensing interpretation of land use data of a non-point source polluted area in southern China in 2015, supported by ArcGIS and the fractal theory, this paper established the perimeter-area fract...Based on the TM remote sensing interpretation of land use data of a non-point source polluted area in southern China in 2015, supported by ArcGIS and the fractal theory, this paper established the perimeter-area fractal equation of the spatial structure of land use types, quantitatively calculated the fractal dimension and stability index of various land use types in this non-point source polluted area in 2015, and analyzed the spatial structure characteristics of land use types. The results showed that the fractal dimension values of the different land use types in the research area ranged 1.141–1.657, and the whole fractal dimension of the research area was 1.206. To be specific, the fractal dimension values of unused land, grass land and rural residential land were high, and the fractal dimension values of dry land, paddy filed and waters were low, and the fractal dimension values of urban land, industrial traffic construction land and forest land were moderate. The area of the land use types whose stability index values were 0.2–0.4 accounted for 89.5% of total area, suggesting that the stability of the spatial structure of land use types of Beibei District in 2015 was not high generally. The rural residential land and urban land of the research area should be planned and managed more properly from now on.展开更多
Based on GIS,RS technology and fractal theory,this paper analyzes land use type of a southwest town in 2010. It obtains fractal model,fractal dimension and stability index of land use types,which will provide favorabl...Based on GIS,RS technology and fractal theory,this paper analyzes land use type of a southwest town in 2010. It obtains fractal model,fractal dimension and stability index of land use types,which will provide favorable reference for healthy social and economic development of this town and scientific decision making for rational control of land resource.展开更多
An uncommon fractal construction method is applied in the microwave element design. A novel fractal defected ground structure （DGS） based on micro electro-mechanical system （MEMS） is proposed. The size of this nov...An uncommon fractal construction method is applied in the microwave element design. A novel fractal defected ground structure （DGS） based on micro electro-mechanical system （MEMS） is proposed. The size of this novel fractal DGS can achieve 86% size reduction compared with the conventional dumbbell type DGS. This novel fractal DGS is used in the miniaturization design of L-band microstrip antenna array. The simulation result shows that this novel fractal DGS can effectively reduce the mutual coupling between the antenna elements, so it is helpful to the miniaturization of microstrip array, namely the approximately same gain value can be achieved with the shorter distance between elements.展开更多
文摘This paper compares the correlation dimension (D2) and Higuchi fractal dimension (HFD) approaches in estimating BIS index based on of electroencephalogram (EEG). The single-channel EEG data was captured in both ICU and operating room and different anesthetic drugs, including propofol and isoflurane were used. For better analysis, application of adaptive segmentation on EEG signal for estimating BIS index is evaluated and compared to fixed segmentation. Prediction probability (PK) is used as a measure of correlation between the predictors and BIS index to evaluate the proposed methods. The results show the ability of these algorithms (specifically HFD algorithm) in predicting BIS index. Also, evolving fixed and adaptive windowing methods for segmentation of EEG reveals no meaningful difference in estimating BIS index.
基金jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 40525009, 40638041, 40502029, and 40373003)
文摘The separation of anomalies from geochemical background is an important part of data analysis because lack of such identifications might have profound influence on or even distort the final analysis results. In this article, 1 672 geochemical analytical data of 11 elements, including Cu, Mo, Ag, Sn, and others, from a region within Tibet, South China, are used as one example. Together with the traditional anomaly recognition method of using the iterative mean ±2σ local multifractality theory has been utilized to delineate the ranges of geochemical anomalies of the elements. To different degrees, on the basis of original data mapping, C-A fractal analysis and singularity exponents, Sn differs from the other 10 elements. Moreover, geochemical mapping results based on values of the multifractal asymmetry index for all elements delineate the highly anomalous area. Similar to other 10 elements, the anomalous areas of Sn delineated by the asymmetry index distribute along the main structure orientations. According to the asymmetry indexes, the 11 elements could be classified into 3 groups： （1） Ag and Au, （2） As-Sb-Cu-Pb-Zn-Mo, and （3） Sn-Bi-W. This parageneflc association of elements can be used to interpret possible origins of mineralization, which is in agreement with petrological analysis and field survey results.
文摘Conventional pressure-transient models have been developed under the assumption of homogeneous reservoir. However, core, log and outcrop data indicate this assumption is not realistic in most cases. But in many cases, the homogeneous models are still applied to obtain an effective permeability corresponding to fictitious homogeneous reservoirs. This approach seems reasonable if the permeability variation is sufficiently small. In this paper, fractal dimension and fractal index are introduced into the seepage flow mechanism to establish the fluid flow models in fractal reservoir under three outer-boundary conditions. Exact dimensionless solutions are obtained by using the Laplace transformation assuming the well is producing at a constant rate. Combining the Stehfest’s inversion with the Vongvuthipornchai’s method, the new type curves are obtained. The sensitivities of the curve shape to fractal dimension (θ) and fractal index (d) are analyzed;the curves don’t change too much when θ is a constant and d change. For a closed reservoir, the up-curving has little to do with θ when d is a constant;but when θ is a constant, the slope of the up-curving section almost remains the same, only the pressure at the starting point decreases with the increase of d;and when d = 2 and θ = 0, the solutions and curves become those of the conventional reservoirs, the application of this solution has also been introduced at the end of this paper.
文摘In this paper, the researcher explored and analyzed the function between integral indices of derivative. It is proved that getting half-derivative twice is equivalent to first derivative. Also getting the triple of one-third derivative is equal to first derivative. Similarly, getting four times of one-fourth derivative is equal to first derivative.
文摘The geological strength index(GSI) system,widely used for the design and practice of mining process,is a unique rock mass classification system related to the rock mass strength and deformation parameters based on the generalized Hoek-Brown and Mohr-Coulomb failure criteria.The GSI can be estimated using standard chart and field observations of rock mass blockiness and discontinuity surface conditions.The GSI value gives a numerical representation of the overall geotechnical quality of the rock mass.In this study,we propose a method to determine the GSI quantitatively using photographic images of in situ jointed rock mass with image processing technology,fractal theory and artificial neural network(ANN).We employ the GSI system to characterize the jointed rock mass around the working in a coal mine.The relative error between the proposed value and the given value in the GSI chart is less than 3.6%.
基金Sponsored by Humanities and Social Sciences Research Project of the Ministry of Education(19YJCZH134)Binzhou University Research Fund(BZXYG1716)Experimental Technology Project Funded by Binzhou University(BZXYSYXM201816)
文摘Based on the TM remote sensing interpretation of land use data of a non-point source polluted area in southern China in 2015, supported by ArcGIS and the fractal theory, this paper established the perimeter-area fractal equation of the spatial structure of land use types, quantitatively calculated the fractal dimension and stability index of various land use types in this non-point source polluted area in 2015, and analyzed the spatial structure characteristics of land use types. The results showed that the fractal dimension values of the different land use types in the research area ranged 1.141–1.657, and the whole fractal dimension of the research area was 1.206. To be specific, the fractal dimension values of unused land, grass land and rural residential land were high, and the fractal dimension values of dry land, paddy filed and waters were low, and the fractal dimension values of urban land, industrial traffic construction land and forest land were moderate. The area of the land use types whose stability index values were 0.2–0.4 accounted for 89.5% of total area, suggesting that the stability of the spatial structure of land use types of Beibei District in 2015 was not high generally. The rural residential land and urban land of the research area should be planned and managed more properly from now on.
文摘Based on GIS,RS technology and fractal theory,this paper analyzes land use type of a southwest town in 2010. It obtains fractal model,fractal dimension and stability index of land use types,which will provide favorable reference for healthy social and economic development of this town and scientific decision making for rational control of land resource.
基金supported by the 11th Five-Year Plan under Grant No. 11001030203
文摘An uncommon fractal construction method is applied in the microwave element design. A novel fractal defected ground structure （DGS） based on micro electro-mechanical system （MEMS） is proposed. The size of this novel fractal DGS can achieve 86% size reduction compared with the conventional dumbbell type DGS. This novel fractal DGS is used in the miniaturization design of L-band microstrip antenna array. The simulation result shows that this novel fractal DGS can effectively reduce the mutual coupling between the antenna elements, so it is helpful to the miniaturization of microstrip array, namely the approximately same gain value can be achieved with the shorter distance between elements.
