Epidemiological and Clinical Pattern of Open Fractures of Long Bones of the Lower Limbs in the South-West Region of Cameroon: A 5-Year Review

Background: An open fracture is an injury in which the fracture site and/or hematoma communicates with the external environment. It is associated with significant morbidity and disability and is a challenge to the surgical team. The lower extremities are the most often exposed to traumatic injuries compared to other anatomical parts of the body. Patterns of open fractures differ with different mechanisms of injury and the segment of the long bone affected. The correct and timely management of open fractures is beneficial to the patients and leads to a more favorable outcome. This study aimed at describing the pattern of open fractures of long bones of the lower limb treated in 3 major hospitals of the south west region, Cameroon. Methodology: This was a hospital-based retrospective review of files of patients with open fractures of long bones of the lower limb managed at the surgical units of three secondary health facilities in the South-West region of Cameroon from the 1st of January 2015 to the 31st of December 2019. The socio-demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, treatment modalities, and outcomes were recorded. The data was stored and analyzed using Epi info version 7.0 and SPSS version 23.0 respectively. Results: A total of 195 files of patients aged 8 to 80 years were studied. The main age group affected was between 20 - 40 years. There were 147 (75.4%) males and 48 (24.6%) females giving a sex-ratio of 3.1:1. The most common cause was road traffic crashes 142 (72.8%). In 98 cases (50.3%), the left side was more involved. The tibia was the most common long bone affected in 75 (38.5%) cases. Comminuted fracture was the most common fracture pattern encountered in 126 cases (64.6%). A total of 76 (39%) fractures were graded Gustilo-Anderson IIIA. External fixator was used in 112 cases (57.1%) and internal fixator in 86 cases (42.9%). We recorded 127 (65.1%) cases of wound infection and 143 (73.3%) cases of limb shortening as the most common complications. Other complications include: 20 cases (17.1%) of mal-union, 27 cases (22.5%) of delayed union, 18 cases (15.1%) of non-union and 50 cases (38.5%) chronic osteomyelitis. We recorded a mortality of 2.1%. Gustilo IIIB and IIIC were associated to chronic osteomyelitis (P = 0.02). Conclusion: Open fractures of long bones of the lower limb affect the active age group of the population and road traffic crashes are the most common causes. It tends to affect the left side and the tibia being the most fractured long bone. A reasonable proportion of these fractures subsequently get infected. Comminuted fracture is the common fracture pattern.

Lower limb stress fractures in sport:Optimising their management and outcome

Stress fractures in sport are becoming increasing more common,comprising up to 10%of all of sporting injuries.Around 90%of such injuries are located in the lower limb.This articles aims to define the optimal management of lower limb stress fractures in the athlete,with a view to maximise return rates and minimise return times to sport.Treatment planning of this condition is specific to the location of the injury.However,there remains a clear division of stress fractures by"high"and"low"risk."Low risk"stress fractures are those with a low probability of fracture propagation,delayed union,or non-union,and so can be managed reliably with rest and exercise limitation.These include stress fractures of the PosteroMedial Tibial Diaphysis,Metatarsal Shafts,Distal Fibula,Medial Femoral Neck,Femoral Shaft and Calcaneus."High risk"stress fractures,in contrast,have increased rates of fracture propagation,displacement,delayed and non-union,and so require immediate cessation of activity,with orthopaedic referral,to assess the need for surgical intervention.These include stress fractures of the Anterior Tibial Diaphysis,Fifth Metatarsal Base,Medial Malleolus,Lateral Femoral Neck,Tarsal Navicular and Great Toe Sesamoids.In order to establish the optimal methods for managing these injuries,we present and review the current evidence which guides the treatment of stress fractures in athletes.From this,we note an increased role for surgical management of certain high risk stress fractures to improve return times and rates to sport.Following this,key recommendations are provided for the management of the common stress fracture types seen in the athlete.Five case reports are also presented to illustrate the application of sportfocussed lower limb stress fracture treatment in the clinical setting.

Upper Limb Fractures in Kinshasa: Therapeutic Approach in a Sub-Saharan African Country

Background: The upper limb fractures management is the subject of considerable controversy in the literature. Data on the treatment of these fractures in Africa are scarce. Most publications come from so-called northern countries (especially Europe and the USA) and their conclusions cannot be applied in Africa, where other factors must be taken into account. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine trends in the management of upper limb fractures in Kinshasa. Methods: The descriptive, cross-sectional, multicenter study reviewed the records of adult patients managed for upper limb fractures between January 2009 and December 2018 in 6 hospitals in the 4 districts that make up the city of Kinshasa. The results will be presented in the form of frequency, percentage, median and extremes. The data were processed anonymously in accordance with the Helsinki declarations. Results: We listed 852 upper limb fractures out of 844 patients. Upper limb fractures showed a very high rate of humerus fractures n = 350 (41.0%) followed by radius fractures n = 22.9% (n = 193). The four seats most important were the humeral diaphysis n = 292 (34.3%);the distal radius n = 115 (13.5%);the radial and ulnar shafts n = 79 (9.3%) and n = 74 (8.7%) respectively. The management of the latter was mainly surgical n = 538 (63.1%) against n = 314 (36.8%) for no-operative treatment. Surgical treatment showed a slight predominance in women aged ≤ 55 years n = 168 (51.8%) and it remained dominant on the almost all foci except the distal radius. Surgical practice has shown surprisingly a very high rate of plate use n = 232 (43.1%) overall broken bones. The external fixator was the most used material on the humeral diaphysis n = 140 (66.1%). Conclusion: Upper limb fractures care is certainly controversial, but today several recommendations based on clinical and imaging data must be taken into account in the choice of therapy if a satisfactory functional result is to be hoped for. Knowledge of our tendency in the management of this fracture may enable us to improve the management of our patients.

Application value of sevoflurane light general anesthesia via laryngeal mask airway combined with brachial plexus block for children with upper limb fractures

Objective:To study the application value of sevoflurane light general anesthesia via laryngeal mask airway combined with brachial plexus block for children with upper limb fractures. Methods:Children who underwent upper limb fracture surgery in the First Women and Children's Hospital of Huizhou between June 2014 and April 2017 were selected as the research subjects and randomly divided into the combined group who accepted sevoflurane light general anesthesia via laryngeal mask airway combined with brachial plexus block and the control group who accepted sevoflurane light general anesthesia via laryngeal mask airway. The contents of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, CRP, IL-10 and TGF-β as well as stress hormones FC, Ins, NE and E in serum were determined the same day and 3 days after operation.Results: The same day and 3 days after operation, the contents of IL-1β, TNF-α, CRP, IL-10, TGF-β, FC, Ins, NE and E in serum of combined group were significantly lower than those of control group.Conclusion: Sevoflurane light general anesthesia via laryngeal mask airway combined with brachial plexus block is more effective than sevoflurane light general anesthesia via laryngeal mask airway to suppress the inflammatory stress response in children with upper limb fracture surgery.

Combined effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine decoction and low-molecular-weight heparin calcium on the postoperative deep venous thrombosis in patients with lower limb fracture

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the combined effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) decoction and low-molecular-weight heparin calcium on deep vein thrombosis(DVT) induced by surgery in patients with lower limb fracture.METHODS: Totally 86 hospitalized patients with DVT after surgery of lower limb fracture between September 2012 and January 2015 were recruited and randomly divided into control group and observation group, 43 cases in each group. The patients in the control group were treated with subcutaneous injection of low-molecular-weight heparin calcium, and those in the observation group were additionally given Danshen Injection and TCM decoction. The differences between two groups in occurrence rate, medication time, therapeutic effects,recurrence rate of thrombosis, activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT), and prothrombin time(PT) were compared.RESULTS: The occurrence rate of DVT in observation group(4.65%, 2/43) was lower than that in control group(27.91%,12/43)(P<0.05). The medication time of observation group was(6.15±2.94) d, shorter than(9.76±3.12) d in the control group(P<0.05). In observation group, 2 cases of DVT were cured(2/2); in the control group, 9 cases presented therapeutic effects and the total effective rate was 75.00%(9/12). The improvement of APTT and PT in the observation group was better than that in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Integrative TCM decoction plus low-molecularweight heparin calcium is superior to applicaton of low-molecularweight heparin calcium alone in reducing and treating DVT in the postoperative patients with lower limb fracture.

Observation on the Anesthesia Effect of Ultrasound-Guided Nerve Block for Elderly Patients with Lower Limb Fractures

Objective:To explore the anesthesia effect of ultrasound-guided nerve block in elderly patients with lower limb fractures.Methods:From November 2017 to November 2020,50 elderly patients with lower limb fractures in our hospital were divided into experimental group(25 cases,general anesthesia+femoral nerve and sciatic nerve block)and control group(25 cases,general body anesthesia).Compare the MAP,HR,anesthesia effect,and adverse reactions between the two groups at each time period.Results:Before induction,the difference in MAP and HR between the two groups of patients did not form,p>0.05;the MAP and HR of the experimental group were compared with the control group at the time of skin incision,1 hour during the operation,and removal of the laryngeal mask,P<0.05;the time of extubation in the experimental group(14.28±3.18)min,awake time(5.57±1.32)min,orientation recovery time(11.89±2.23)min,propofol dosage(191.36±22.48)mg,remifentanil dosage(0.23±0.04)mg,Compared with the control group,P<0.05;the adverse reaction rate of the experimental group(8%,2/25)was lower than that of the control group(32%,8/25),P<0.05.Conclusion:The use of ultrasound-guided femoral nerve and sciatic nerve block for elderly patients with lower limb fractures can enhance the effect of anesthesia,effectively reduce the use of anesthetics,and have fewer adverse reactions.It is worthy of promotion.

Virtual Reconstruction of Long Bone Fracture in Car-to-pedestrian Collisions Using Multi-body System and Finite Element Method

Lower limb injures are frequently observed in passenger car traffic accidents.Previous studies of the injuries focus on long bone fractures by using either cadaver component tests or simulations of the long bone kinematics,which lack in-depth study on the fractures in stress analysis.This paper aims to investigate lower limb impact biomechanics in real-world car to pedestrian accidents and to predict fractures of long bones in term of stress parameter for femur,tibia,and fibula.For the above purposes,a 3D finite element(FE) model of human body lower limb(HBM-LL) is developed based on human anatomy.The model consists of the pelvis,femur,tibia,fibula,patella,foot bones,primary tendons,knee joint capsule,meniscus,and ligaments.The FE model is validated by comparing the results from a lateral impact between simulations and tests with cadaver lower limb specimens.Two real-world accidents are selected from an in-depth accident database with detailed information about the accident scene,car impact speed,damage to the car,and pedestrian injuries.Multi-body system(MBS) models are used to reconstruct the kinematics of the pedestrians in the two accidents and the impact conditions are calculated for initial impact velocity and orientations of the car and pedestrian during the collision.The FE model is used to perform injury reconstructions and predict the fractures by using physical parameters,such as von Mises stress of long bones.The calculated failure level of the long bones is correlated with the injury outcomes observed from the two accident cases.The reconstruction result shows that the HBM-LL FE model has acceptable biofidelity and can be applied to predict the risk of long bone fractures.This study provides an efficient methodology to investigate the long bone fracture suffered from vehicle traffic collisions.

Lower limb intracast pressures generated by different types of immobilisation casts

AIM To determine if complete, split casts and backslabs [plaster of Paris(POP) and fiberglass] generate different intracast pressures and pain. METHODS Increased swelling within casts was modeled by a closed water system attached to an expandable bag placed directly under different types of casts applied to a healthy lower limb. Complete fiberglass and POP casts, split casts and backslabs were applied. Twenty-five milliliter aliquots of saline were injected into the system and the generated intracast pressures were measured using a sphygmomanometer. The subject was blinded to the pressure scores to avoid bias. All casts were applied to the same right limb on the same subject to avoid the effects of variations in anatomy or physiology on intracast pressures. Pain levels were evaluated using the Visual Analogue Score after each sequential saline injection. Each type of cast was reapplied four times and the measurements were repeated on four separate occasions. Sample sizes were determined by a pre-study 90% power calculation to detect a 20% difference in intracast pressures between cast groups. RESULTS A significant difference between the various types of casts was noted when the saline volume was greater than 100 mL(P = 0.009). The greatest intracast pressure was generated by complete fiberglass casts, which were significantly higher than complete POP casts or backslabs(P = 0.018 and P = 0.008 respectively) at intracast saline volumes of 100 mL and higher. Backslabs produced a significantly lower intracast pressure compared to complete POP only once the saline volume within casts exceeded 225 mL(P = 0.009). Intracast pressures were significantly lower in split casts(P = 0.003). Split POP and fiberglass casts produced the lowest intracast pressures, even compared to backslabs(P = 0.009). Complete fiberglass casts generated the highest pain levels at manometer pressures of 75 mm Hg and greater(P = 0.001). Split fiberglass casts had significantly reduced pain levels(P = 0.001). In contrast, a split complete POP cast did not produce significantly reduced pain levels at pressures between 25-150 mmH g. There was no difference in pain generated by complete POP and backslabs at manometer pressures of 200 mm Hg and lower. CONCLUSION Fibreglass casts generate significantly higher intracast pressures and pain than POP casts. Split casts cause lower intracast pressures regardless of material, than complete casts and backslabs.

Thrombelastography and color Doppler flow imaging in the perioperative period after closed lower limb fracture

Objective To observe the changes of thrombelastography (TEG) and color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) in the perioperative period after closed lower limb fracture.Methods Fasting venous blood samples in the morning from 11 healthy adults were used

多元化健康教育模式在预防下肢骨折患者深静脉血栓中的应用

目的探讨多元化健康教育模式在预防下肢骨折患者深静脉血栓中的应用效果。方法采用便利抽样法,选取2021年1~12月收治的下肢骨折患者300例,按照住院时间将2021年1~6月收治的患者作为对照组,将2021年7~12月收治的患者作为观察组,每组150例。对照组采用常规健康教育模式,观察组采用多元化健康教育模式。比较2组患者对深静脉血栓的认知水平、基本预防措施依从性、深静脉血栓的发生率,以及患者对护理工作满意度。结果观察组患者对深静脉血栓的认知水平、对基本预防措施的依从性、护理满意度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组患者深静脉血栓发生率为16.00%低于对照组的25.33%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论将多元化健康教育模式应用于下肢骨折患者,可提高护理效果,降低深静脉血栓的发生率,值得推广应用。

丹参片联合那屈肝素钙注射液对髋部骨折术后下肢静脉血流参数的影响

目的探讨丹参片联合那屈肝素钙注射液对髋部骨折术后下肢静脉血流参数的影响。方法将2021年12月至2022年12月接受髋部骨折手术治疗的108例患者作为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组54例,2组均在术后开始用药,对照组采用那屈肝素钙注射液治疗,观察组采用丹参片联合那屈肝素钙注射液治疗,2组均治疗7 d后,对比术前及术后7 d患肢小腿直径差,对比术前及术后7 d疼痛分级(NRS)、下肢静脉血流参数(股总静脉、股浅静脉、股深静脉)、凝血酶时间(TT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、骨碱性磷酸酶(BALP)、骨钙素(BGP)、Ⅰ型胶原羧基端交联肽(CTX-1),比较2组术后下肢静脉血栓发生率、药物不良发生率。结果观察组术前及术后7 d患肢小腿直径差明显低于对照组,NRS评分低于术前及对照组术后7 d,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后7 d观察组股总静脉、股浅静脉、股深静脉参数、TT、PT、APTT、BALP、BGP水平明显高于术前及对照组术后7天,CTX-1水平明显低于术前及对照组术后7天,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组不良反应总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组下肢脉血栓发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论丹参片联合那屈肝素钙注射液用于髋部骨折术后,能缓解患者肿胀及疼痛,加快下肢静脉血流,降低患者血液高凝状态,改善骨代谢指标,进而降低血栓发生率。

早产儿经不同外周静脉置入中心静脉导管的效果分析

目的:探讨早产儿经不同外周静脉置入中心静脉导管的效果。方法:选取2020年7月—2022年6月于玉林市第一人民医院行经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管(PICC)的早产儿90例作为研究对象,随机分为上肢静脉组、下肢静脉组及头部静脉组,各30例。上肢静脉组、下肢静脉组及头部静脉组均行PICC,位置分别为上肢静脉、下肢静脉、头部静脉。比较三组置管效果。结果:下肢静脉组PICC置管疼痛评分低于上肢静脉组、头部静脉组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。三组并发症总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.383)。三组血红蛋白、血小板计数、血细胞比容水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。下肢静脉组直接胆红素、总胆红素、总胆汁酸、谷氨酰转移酶水平低于上肢静脉组、头部静脉组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:相较于上肢、头部静脉PICC置管,下肢静脉PICC置管能够减轻早产儿置管疼痛感,减少胆汁淤积风险,且不会增加不良反应。

功能锻炼衣在学龄前期上肢骨折患儿功能锻炼中的应用

目的:探讨功能锻炼衣在学龄前期上肢骨折患儿功能锻炼中的应用效果。方法:选取2022年1月—6月浙江省某三级甲等儿童医院骨科创伤中心收治的60例学龄前期上肢骨折患儿作为研究对象,按照住院号末位奇偶数随机分为试验组和对照组各30例。试验组在术后第1天穿带卡通图案可拆卸计数球体,显示屏可计数、带播报器的印有卡通人物形象的衣服(功能锻炼衣)进行功能锻炼,每天3次,每次100下,为期3个月。对照组穿普通衣物在相同时间进行传统握力球进行功能锻炼。比较两组术后2个月肘关节、尺桡关节的关节活动度、术后2周生活自理能力得分、上肢骨折相关并发症情况及家长满意度情况。结果:试验组患儿关节活动度、日常生活自理能力得分、家长满意度均高于对照组;上肢骨折后术后的肿胀程度低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:带卡通计数球,球体可计数可拆卸的功能锻炼衣能提高学龄前期上肢骨折患儿关节活动度、日常生活自理能力、家长满意度,减轻学龄前期上肢骨折患儿术后上肢的肿胀程度。

红光治疗仪联合藻酸盐敷料对下肢骨折术后创面愈合的疗效

目的:探讨红光治疗仪联合藻酸盐敷料对下肢骨折术后创面愈合效果。方法:选取80例下肢骨折患者,分为观察组与对照组,比较两组治疗前后FN与EGF水平差异。结果:观察组在术后14d、21d、28d的骨痂密度评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组术后2d、4d、6d疼痛评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组血清FN和EGF水平均高于治疗前,且观察组血清FN和EGF水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:红光治疗仪联合藻酸盐敷料用于下肢骨折术后创面愈合,安全有效,能够促进骨痂生长,减轻患者疼痛程度,改善血清FN与EGF水平。

小儿上肢骨折手术采用臂丛神经阻滞复合全身麻醉的应激反应分析

目的探讨小儿上肢骨折手术采用臂丛神经阻滞复合全身麻醉的应激反应。方法回顾性选取滕州市中心人民医院于2020年3月—2023年3月诊治的120例上肢骨折患儿的临床资料,按照不同麻醉方法将患儿分为参考组(n=60)和研究组(n=60)。参考组实施全身麻醉,研究组予以臂丛神经阻滞复合全身麻醉,比较两组血流动力学指标、应激反应和炎症因子水平。结果参考组与研究组T0(麻醉前)心率以及平均动脉压对比,差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05);T1(置入喉罩时)、T2(拔除喉罩时)时研究组心率以及平均动脉压低于参照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。参考组与研究组术前5 min应激反应指标对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后6h,研究组皮质醇、肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素水平低于参考组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。术前参考组与研究组炎症因子水平对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后3 d,研究组的肿瘤坏死因子-α(26.01±5.34)ng/L、C反应蛋白(8.71±1.25)mg/L和白介素-1β(2.03±0.34)ng/L低于参考组,差异有统计学意义(t=12.865、11.849、18.676,P均<0.05)。结论臂丛神经阻滞复合全身麻醉可以降低患儿的应激反应,炎症反应较小,同时血流动力学水平波动较小。

心理护理结合上下肢康复训练器训练对脑梗死患者心理状态及肢体功能的影响

目的探究心理护理结合上下肢康复训练器训练对脑梗死(CI)患者心理状态及肢体功能的影响。方法选取2021年10月~2023年10月本院收治的CI患者96例,根据护理方案分组,对照组52例患者采用常规康复护理,观察组44例患者在对照组基础上,联合实施心理护理和上下肢康复训练器训练。比较两组的心理状态、肢体功能以及日常生活能力。结果两组患者各项指标在干预前差异均不显著(P>0.05)。干预后,观察组HAMA、HAMD评分均较对照组明显下降(P<0.05);上、下肢FMA评分、Barthel指数均较对照组明显升高(P<0.05)。结论心理护理结合上下肢康复训练器训练应用于CI患者中,可显著改善患者的心理状态及肢体功能,有效提高患者的日常生活能力,值得临床采纳与推广。

探索骨盆与下肢骨折患者术前深静脉血栓的危险因素

目的探索引起骨盆与下肢骨折患者术前深静脉血栓(DVT)的危险因素。方法采用回顾性队列研究,分析2017年1月至2021年12月在上海交通大学医学院附属第六人民医院急诊重症监护病房住院治疗的774例骨盆与下肢骨折患者临床资料,采用修正泊松回归分析可疑暴露因素是否为骨盆与下肢骨折患者术前发生DVT的独立危险因素。根据独立危险因素构建列线图预测模型并进行内部验证,以评价其区分度、校准度和临床适用性。结果骨盆骨折患者509例,97例(19.057%)出现DVT;骨盆合并膝关节以下骨折患者79例,21例(26.582%)出现DVT;骨盆合并股骨骨折患者186例,61例(32.796%)出现DVT。分析结果显示骨盆合并股骨骨折[调整后的相对危险度(ARR)=1.619,95%CI 1.223~2.144,P=0.001]、急诊腹部手术(ARR=1.924,95%CI 1.098~3.372,P=0.022)、体重指数≥24 kg/m^(2)(ARR=1.382,95%CI 1.072~1.783,P=0.013)、创伤严重度评分(ISS)≥25分(ARR=1.439,95%CI 1.082~1.913,P=0.012)、年龄40~59岁(ARR=1.594,95%CI 1.104~2.300,P=0.013)以及年龄≥60岁(ARR=1.868,95%CI 1.279~2.730,P=0.001)为骨盆与下肢骨折患者术前发生DVT的独立危险因素;据此所构建的列线图模型对预测DVT风险以及判断是否应该采取干预措施有一定的实用价值。结论骨盆与下肢骨折患者有发生DVT的风险,骨盆合并股骨骨折、经历急诊腹部手术、BMI≥24 kg/m^(2)、ISS≥25分、年龄≥40岁是骨盆与下肢骨折患者术前发生DVT的危险因素,对具有上述特征的患者应高度重视并及时采取适当的DVT防治措施。

结合目标导向的康复锻炼对下肢骨折术后患者的干预效果

目的探讨结合目标导向的康复锻炼对下肢骨折患者术后干预期间的应用效果。方法选择2020年3月至2022年9月江苏省南通市第三人民医院骨科的110例下肢骨折患者,根据随机数字表法将其分为对照组和研究组,各55例。对照组实施常规护理,研究组在对照组的基础上结合目标导向的健康锻炼。比较两组术后不同时间段内下肢肿胀、膝关节功能、不良心理状态相关指标。结果整体分析发现:两组小腿周径、大腿周径、肿胀程度评分的组间、时间点比较及交互作用,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。进一步两两比较,组内比较:两组各时间点小腿周径、大腿周径、肿胀程度评分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);组间比较:研究组术后1、3个月小腿周径、大腿周径、肿胀程度评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。术后3个月,两组Lysholm膝关节评分均高于干预前,且研究组高于对照组(P<0.05);两组抑郁-焦虑-压力量表中文精简版评分低于干预前,且研究组低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论实施结合目标导向的康复锻炼可提高下肢骨折患者术后患肢恢复速度,改善其术后心理状态。

骨盆髋臼骨折患者合并静脉血栓栓塞性疾病的研究进展

骨盆髋臼骨折(pelvic and acetabular fractures,PAFs)是最常见的骨盆骨折类型之一,多为高能量损伤,骨盆髋臼结构复杂,手术方法有限。髋臼骨折本身所带来的创伤和术后需要长期卧床等情况,导致其临床并发症尤为复杂。静脉血栓栓塞(venous thromboembolic,VTE)是其众多并发症中发生率较高且后果严重的一种。本综述主要以PAFs术后导致的VTE为主要内容,分别从VTE的流行病学、危险因素以及防治措施三个方面展开叙述,旨在帮助改善预后,避免严重并发症的发生。

SuperPATH入路柄颈一体股骨头置换治疗老年股骨颈骨折早期疗效及术后下肢长度分析

目的 观察SuperPATH入路柄颈一体股骨头置换治疗老年股骨颈骨折早期疗效及术后下肢长度变化。方法 选择2015年9月至2020年10月收治并符合选择标准的75例单侧股骨颈骨折老年患者纳入研究。记录切口长度、手术时间、术中出血量、术后下地时间及并发症发生情况。比较术前及术后1、4、12、24周及1、2年的Harris髋关节功能评分、疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)。摄骨盆正位X线片,测量两侧泪滴下缘连线至小转子最上缘的垂直距离,判断双下肢长度差异。末次随访时行骨盆CT平扫观察股骨假体位置及骨长入。结果 患者术后均获随访,随访时间24~85个月,平均56.7个月。所有患者切口长度(7.85±0.51)cm,手术时间(89.29±26.84)min,术中出血量(78.67±56.79)mL,术后下地时间(1.43±0.49)d。术前与术后1周Harris髋关节功能评分和VAS评分比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后2年与术后1年Harris髋关节功能评分和VAS评分无统计学意义(P>0.05),其余随访时间点Harris髋关节功能评分和VAS评分与前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后所有患者双下肢长度差为(3.57±4.44)mm,与术前[(-17.61±7.86)mm]比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。末次随访时所有患者骨盆CT平扫显示股骨假体位置及骨长入良好,随访期间均无假体松动、下沉。结论 SuperPATH入路柄颈一体股骨头置换治疗老年股骨颈骨折创伤小、疼痛轻、恢复快、早期疗效满意,在有限显露下可有效调整肢体长度,预防双下肢不等长。