Efficacy of intravenous zoledronic acid in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis:A meta-analysis

Objective:To compare the eflect of zoledronic acid in treatment and prevention of osteoporosis with placebo.Methods:Random control trials regarding zoleilroiiic acid in treatment of osteoporosis were retrieved by selecting Medline.EMbase and Pubmed databases till April 2012. The RevMan software was used for all of the statistical analysis.Results:A total of 9 trials were included in this meta-analysis.The pooled effect shewed that zoledronic acid could increase the bone mineral density by 2.98 times compared with placebo,and reduce the rate of fracture in patients by 32%.The results should the zoledronic acid intervention had significantly less serious adverse events than controls,and the odds ratio was 0.81(0.76-0.87).The longer term intervention, more than 12 months intervention,could gain a better prevention effect for osteoporosis(OR,95% CI for RMD was 3.35.2.77-3.92:for fracture was 0.67.0.54-0.82).Conclusions:This present study shows that zoledronic acid could be effective approach in the prevention of osteoporosis,and could increase the bone mineral density and reduce the risk ol facture.

Reservoir characterization of the Odovician oil and gas pools in the Tahe Oilfield, Tarim Basin, Northwest China

About 88. 1% of the proven reserves in the Tahe Oilfield in the Tarim Basin of Northwest China are trapped in Ordovician carbonate reservoirs. These reservoirs are formed by unconnected and interconnected networks of karstic porosity forming a heterogeneous and complex reservoir system. Oil, water and gas characteristics vary significantly in different portions of the Ordovician reservoir. There is no uniform oil/water contact in the field, adding to its complexity.An acid fracture treatment is beneficial in 76% of the wells, stimulating nonproductive wells and enhancing production in other wells by fracturing into unconnected reservoirs and enhancing flow pathways with acid. Acid fracture treatments should be a standard procedure for developing this and similar oil fields.

Efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid in elderly patients with intertrochanteric fracture: An updated meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Intertrochanteric fracture (ITF) is a common type of injury, and nearly 30% of ITF patients die in the first 12 mo, especially the elderly with limited activity. Tranexamic acid (TXA) has been widely used in reducing traumatic and surgical bleeding, however, the paucity of studies regarding its use in orthopedic trauma surgery has limited its integration into this field, which may benefit most from TXA. The safety of TXA in this group has not achieved a consensus. AIM This meta-analysis was designed to investigate the efficacy and safety of TXA in elderly ITF patients undergoing surgery. METHODS Databases, including Medline and PubMed, were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that were published before October 2018 and that addressed the efficacy and safety of TXA in patients who underwent ITF surgery. The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials 2010 Statement Checklist was used to assess the methodological quality of each study. Trials without and with heterogeneity were compared by fixed-effects analysis and random-effects analysis, respectively. For each study, odds ratio (OR) and 95%CI and mean differences and 95%CI were calculated for dichotomous and continuous outcomes, respectively. The Power and Sample Size Program software was used to calculate power and sample size. Stability of the results was assessed via sensitivity analysis. RESULTS A total of 836 patients from eight RCTs were subjected to meta-analysis. TXA treatment compared with the control group significantly reduced postoperative blood loss (95%CI,-20.83 to -7.93 mL, P < 0.0001), hidden blood loss (95%CI,- 213.67 to -64.43 mL, P = 0.0003), and total blood loss (95%CI,-332.49 to -23.18 mL, P = 0.02) by weighted mean differences of -14.38,-139.05, and -177.83 mL, respectively. However, no significant difference was observed between groups for analysis of intraoperative blood loss. The meta-analysis also proved that the usage of TXA in ITFs may not significantly increase the incidence of deep venous thrombosis. Allogeneic blood transfusion data showed that significantly fewer patients in the TXA group (42%) required transfusion than the control group (95%CI, 0.36 to 0.69;P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION In ITF surgery, intravenous administration of TXA reduces the risk of hidden blood loss and the need for allogeneic transfusion, without increasing thrombotic risk.

Discussion on rheology in petroleum and nature gas teservoir stimulation

Petroleum and nature gas not only are important resources,but also are important strategic materials of our country.All methods the enhancing the producing degree of petroleum and natural gas reservoir,increasing single well production and extending the stimulation period of validity are important stratagem for petroleum and natural gas exploitation.Fracturing and acidizing are the main methods for stimulation as well as one of representative examples of rheology theory application in engineering.Based on analysis of low permeability reservoir characteristics,the fracturing and acidizing stimulation principles and main controlling factors were discussed.And the mechanical characteristics,chemical reaction and rheological behavior in the stimulation process were reviewed.Furthermore research trends afterwards including the material and fluid rheology in oil and natural gas production process,the deep rock fracture initiation and extension rheology,and the fracturing and acidizing application rheology were also proposed in this paper.

Application of multipole array sonic logging to acid hydralic fracturing

Multipole array sonic logging tools have widely been employed in Chinese oilfields in recent years. We have developed a software package for rock mechanical analysis with multipole array sonic logs. This advanced data processing method and software have been applied to the Tahe oilfield in Northern West China to provide guidance to acid hydraulic fracturing design and evaluation. In this paper, we present the field examples of such data processing and applications to demonstrate the validity and advantages of our method and software package.

氨甲环酸对单侧Sanders Ⅲ～Ⅳ型陈旧性跟骨骨折术后失血量的影响及安全性分析

目的探讨氨甲环酸对单侧SandersⅢ～Ⅳ型陈旧性跟骨骨折术后失血量的影响及安全性。方法 2009年9月至2017年6月,武汉普爱医院收治80例单侧SandersⅢ～Ⅳ型陈旧性跟骨骨折患者,随机分为A、B两组,每组40例。A组为氨甲环酸组,术前15分钟将注射氨甲环酸按10 mg/kg剂量稀释于250 ml生理盐水静脉滴注;B组为对照组,术前15分钟注射等量生理盐水。对比术中失血量、术后可见失血量、术后血红蛋白减少量、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)和深静脉血栓(DVT)发生率。结果 A组术中失血量、术后可见失血、术后血红蛋白减少量明显少于B组(P<0.05),两组术后FIB、PT、APTT及DVT发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论短期应用氨甲环酸可减少单侧SandersⅢ～Ⅳ型陈旧性跟骨骨折患者术中及术后失血量,并且不增加血栓形成风险。

A critical review of self-diverting acid treatments applied to carbonate oil and gas reservoirs

Carbonate reservoirs generally achieved relatively low primary resource recovery rates.It is therefore often necessary to clean those reservoirs up and/or stimulate them post drilling and later in their production life.A common and basic carbonate reservoir cleanup technique to remove contaminating material from the wellbore is acidizing.The efficiency of acid treatments is determined by many factors,including:the type and quantity of the acid used;the number of repeated treatments performed,heterogeneity of the reservoir,water cut of the reservoir fluids,and presence of idle zones and interlayers.Post-treatment production performance of such reservoirs frequently does not meet design expectations.There is therefore much scope to improve acidizing technologies and treatment designs to make them more reliable and effective.This review considers acid treatment technologies applied to carbonate reservoirs at the laboratory scale and in field-scale applications.The range of acid treatment techniques commonly applied are compared.Differences between specific acid treatments,such as foamed acids,acid emulsions,gelled and thickened acid systems,targeted acid treatments,and acid hydraulic fracturing are described in terms of the positive and negative influences they have on carbonate oil production rates and recovery.Opportunities to improve acid treatment techniques are identified,particularly those involving the deployment of nanoparticles(NPs).Due consideration is also given to the potential environmental impacts associated with carbonate reservoir acid treatment.Recommendations are made regarding the future research required to overcome the remaining challenges pertaining to acid treatment applications.

Theories and practices of carbonate reservoirs development in China

Carbonate reservoirs in China have the characteristics of diversified accumulation pattern, complex structure and varying reservoir conditions. Concerning these characteristics, this article tracks the technical breakthroughs and related practices since the 1950 s, summarizes the developed theory and technologies of carbonate reservoir development, analyzes their adaptability and problems, and proposes their development trend. The following theory and technologies have come into being:(1) carbonate reservoir formation mechanisms and compound flow mechanisms in complex medium;(2) reservoir identification and description technologies based on geophysics and discrete fracture-vuggy modeling method;(3) well testing analysis technology and numerical simulation method of coupling free flow and porous media flow;(4) enhanced oil recovery techniques for nitrogen single well huff and puff, and water flooding development techniques with well pattern design in spatial structure, changed intensity water injection, water plugging and channel blocking as the core;(5) drilling and completion techniques, acid fracturing techniques and its production increasing techniques. To realize the efficient development of carbonate oil and gas reservoirs, researches in four aspects need to be done:(1) complex reservoir description technology with higher accuracy;(2) various enhanced oil recovery techniques;(3) improving the drilling method and acid fracturing method for ultra-deep carbonate reservoir and significantly cutting engineering cost;(4) strengthening the technological integration of information, big data, cloud computation, and artificial intelligence in oilfield development to realize the smart development of oilfield.

THE SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OFPOLY-L-LACTIDE USED FOR THE INTERNALFIXATION OF BONE FRACTURE

A high Mw of PLLA was synthesized, it intended to be used in the manufacture ofbioabsorbable screw applied in bone fracture internal fixation. The optical reactionconditions have been discussed.

Risk of fracture and pneumonia from acid suppressive drugs

A recently published systematic review and meta-analy-sis, incorporating all relevant studies on the association of acid suppressive medications and pneumonia identi-fied up to August 2009, revealed that for every 200 patients, treated with acid suppressive medication, one will develop pneumonia. They showed the overall risk of pneumonia was higher among people using proton pump inhibitors （PPIs） [adjusted odds ratio （OR） = 1.27, 95% CI： 1.11-1.46, I2 = 90.5%] and Histamine-2 re-ceptor antagonists （H2RAs） （adjusted OR = 1.22, 95% CI： 1.09-1.36, I2 = 0.0%）. In the randomized controlled trials, use of H2RAs was associated with an elevated risk of hospital-acquired pneumonia （relative risk 1.22, 95% CI： 1.01-1.48, I2 = 30.6%）. Another meta-analysis of 11 studies published between 1997 and 2011 found that PPIs, which reduce stomach acid production, were associated with increased risk of fracture. The pooled OR for fracture was 1.29 （95% CI： 1.18-1.41） with use of PPIs and 1.10 （95% CI： 0.99-1.23） with use of H2RAs, when compared with non-use of the respective medications. Long-term use of PPIs increased the risk of any fracture （adjusted OR = 1.30, 95% CI： 1.15-1.48） and of hip fracture risk （adjusted OR = 1.34, 95% CI： 1.09-1.66）, whereas long-term H2RA use was not sig-nifcantly associated with fracture risk. Clinicians should carefully consider when deciding to prescribe acid-sup-pressive drugs, especially for patients who are already at risk for pneumonia and fracture. Since it is unneces-sary to achieve an achlorhydric state in order to resolve symptoms, we recommend using the only minimum effective dose of drug required to achieve the desired therapeutic goals.

氨甲环酸联合明胶海绵对Sanders Ⅲ、Ⅳ型跟骨骨折术后出血的影响

目的:探讨氨甲环酸联合明胶海绵对SandersⅢ、Ⅳ型跟骨骨折术后出血的影响。方法:选取2017年1月至2018年12月在我院骨科跟骨骨折分型为SandersⅢ、Ⅳ型并行切开复位内固定的患者30例,随机将30例患者分为对照组与实验组(各15例)。实验组手术在跟骨髓腔内外置入浸润氨甲环酸注射液的明胶海绵,对照组手术跟骨髓腔内外不填充任何止血材料。观察两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后24 h及48 h引流量、伤口愈合情况。结果:本研究中30例跟骨骨折患者中26例患者跟骨骨折术后伤口一期愈合并顺利拆线出院。有4例伤口出现延迟愈合,3例为对照组,1例为实验组。两组患者年龄、性别、体质指数、手术时间及术中出血量差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),而术后伤口引流量实验组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:氨甲环酸联合明胶海绵能有效减少SandersⅢ、Ⅳ型跟骨骨折术后出血量。

氨甲环酸在SandersⅢ型闭合性跟骨骨折手术中的应用效果探讨

目的探讨氨甲环酸在SandersⅢ型闭合性跟骨骨折手术中的应用效果。方法60例SandersⅢ型闭合性跟骨骨折手术患者,随机分为试验组与对照组,各30例。试验组采取术中松止血带前10 min静脉滴注氨甲环酸,对照组采取松止血带前10 min静脉滴注等量生理盐水。比较两组术中出血量、术后切口引流量、引流时间、术后切口并发症发生情况、住院时间及美国足踝矫形协会的足踝评分(AOFAS评分)。结果试验组术中出血量、术后切口引流量、引流时间均优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组术后切口并发症发生率7.14%明显低于对照组的28.57%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组AOFAS评分(93.96±1.87)分高于对照组的(83.64±1.49)分,住院时间(21.21±1.72)d短于对照组的(26.32±2.16)d,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论氨甲环酸可以减少SandersⅢ型闭合性跟骨骨折术中出血量和术后切口引流量,缩短引流管引流时间及住院时间,降低切口并发症发生率,患者可获得早期功能锻炼,增加AOFAS评分,临床疗效确切,值得应用和推广。

Spontaneous bilateral femur neck fracture secondary to grand mal seizure:A case report

BACKGROUND Spontaneous bilateral femur neck fracture is a rare entity in the general population.CASE SUMMARY A 17-year-old immobile,developmentally delayed male with the sequelae of cerebral palsy fractured both femoral necks during a grand mal epileptic seizure.He had been treated with valproic acid as an antiseizure medication for about 10years;otherwise,he had no history of drug use.The laboratory analysis was normal except a marked vitamin D deficiency.Closed reduction and osteosynthesis with percutaneous cannulated screws were performed.Solid union was observed at 6 mo,and rapid postoperative rehabilitation was started.CONCLUSION A femoral neck fracture may occur in a person with epilepsy presenting with hip pain in the emergency department.

Formation of fractures in carbonate rocks by pad acid fracturing with different states of carbon dioxide

Carbonate outcrops were taken from Ma 51 sub-member in the Lower Paleozoic in the Yan’an gas field to conduct true tri-axial hydraulic fracturing experiments with water, liquid CO_(2) and supercritical CO_(2). CT scan was applied to analyze initiation and propagation laws of hydraulic fractures in carbonate rocks. The experiments show that supercritical CO_(2) has low viscosity, strong diffusivity and large filtration during fracturing, which is more liable to increase pore pressure of rocks around wellbore and decrease breakdown pressure of carbonate rocks. However, it would cost much more volume of supercritical CO_(2) than water to fracture rocks since the former increases the wellbore pressure more slowly during fracturing. For carbonate rocks with few natural fractures, tensional fractures are generated by fracturing with water and liquid CO_(2), and these fractures propagate along the maximum horizontal principal stress direction;while fracturing with supercritical CO_(2) can form shear fractures, whose morphology is rarely influenced by horizontal stress difference. Besides, the angle between propagation direction of these shear fractures near the wellbore and the maximum horizontal principal stress is 45°, and the fractures would gradually turn to propagate along the maximum horizontal principal stress when they extend to a certain distance from the wellbore, leading to an increase of fracture tortuosity compared with the former. For carbonate rocks with well-developed natural fractures, fracturing with fresh water is conducive to connect natural fractures with low approaching angle and form stepped fractures with simple morphology. The key to forming complex fractures after fracturing carbonate rocks is to connect the natural fractures with high approaching angle. It is easier for liquid CO_(2) with low viscosity to realize such connection. Multi-directional fractures with relatively complex morphology would be formed after fracturing with liquid CO_(2).

深层碳酸盐岩储层酸压进展与展望

酸压改造是深层碳酸盐岩储层高效勘探开发的技术利器。随着勘探开发逐渐迈向特深层,厘清目前酸压技术发展现状与趋势至关重要。从酸压裂缝起裂与扩展、酸刻蚀水力裂缝与导流能力构建、酸压数值模拟技术3个方面阐释了酸压改造机理;分析了黏度控制型、生酸时间控制型、H+屏蔽吸附型、非盐酸基型等4类耐高温缓速酸液体系特点;系统梳理了我国深层碳酸盐岩酸压工艺技术发展的4个历程,剖析了目前9000 m以深特深层碳酸岩酸压面临的4个挑战:能否压开储层、地层温度突破酸液体系耐温极限、高温高压测试手段缺乏、储集体靶向沟通难度大。基于此,提出了5个酸压研究展望:特深井破裂压力精准预测、耐220℃多功能酸液体系研发、超高温高压实验平台构建、全在线酸压技术、超临界CO_(2)酸压技术探索,力求实现特深层碳酸盐岩高效立体开发。

Effect of α-lipoic acid combined with nerve growth factor on bone metabolism, oxidative stress and nerve conduction function after femoral fracture surgery

Objective: To discuss the effect of α-lipoic acid combined with nerve growth factor on bone metabolism, oxidative stress and nerve conduction function after femoral fracture surgery. Methods: A total of 110 patients with femoral fracture who received surgical treatment in the hospital between January 2015 and January 2017 were collected and divided into the control group (n=55) and study group (n=55) by random number table. Control group received postoperative nerve growth factor therapy, and study group received postoperative α-lipoic acid combined with nerve growth factor therapy. The differences in the contents of bone metabolism and oxidative stress indexes as well as the levels of nerve conduction function indexes were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Results: Before treatment, the differences in the contents of bone metabolism and oxidative stress indexes as well as the levels of nerve conduction function indexes were not statistically significant between the two groups. After treatment, serum bone metabolism indexes BGP and PⅠNP contents of study group were higher than those of control group while CTX-Ⅰ and TRAP contents were lower than those of control group;serum oxidative stress indexes TAC, CAT and SOD contents of study group were higher than those of control group while MDA content was lower than that of control group;limb nerve conduction velocity SCV and MCV levels of study group were higher than those of control group. Conclusion: α-lipoic acid combined with nerve growth factor therapy after femoral fracture surgery can effectively balance osteoblast/osteoclast activity, reduce oxidative stress and improve limb nerve conduction velocity.

延长氨甲环酸使用时间有助于减少老年股骨转子间骨折围术期隐性失血

背景:股骨转子间骨折好发于老年人,手术后会出现大量的隐性失血,减少隐性失血可以降低并发症和住院时间。目的:评估延长氨甲环酸的使用时间对股骨近端防旋髓内钉治疗转子间骨折围术期隐性失血的影响。方法:选择2022年1月至2023年5月自贡市第四人民医院经急诊收治入院的老年股骨转子间骨折患者共62例,均在牵引床上闭合牵引复位后置入股骨近端防旋髓内钉治疗。根据氨甲环酸的使用时间分为2组,对照组38例在切开皮肤前15-30 min给予氨甲环酸1 g静脉滴注,3 h后追加1 g;试验组24例在对照组的基础上,术后第1天再追加氨甲环酸1 g静脉滴注每12 h一次。术前、术后当天、术后第1,3,5天均复查血常规,统计血红蛋白量和红细胞压积,理论总失血量采用Gross方程计算,同时记录两组患者并发症发生情况。结果与结论:①通过统计学分析,两组患者术中显性出血量相差较小,差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);②试验组围术期血红蛋白下降量、总失血量、隐性失血量低于对照组,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);③试验组术后第3天的血红蛋白值、术后第1,3天的红细胞压积值高于对照组,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);④两组术后血红蛋白和血小板计数呈下降趋势,第3天的血红蛋白值为最低值,术后第1天的血小板值为最低值,然后开始回升;⑤两组患者术后并发症发生率相比差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);⑥结果表明,术后延迟氨甲环酸的使用时间,可能有助于减少股骨近端防旋髓内钉治疗股骨转子间骨折的隐性失血量,并不会增加并发症风险。

考虑采动效应的闭坑矿井水硫酸盐污染规律

高硫煤矿闭坑后成为埋藏在地表以下深部的产酸污染场,对相邻含水层和周边环境造成了潜在危害,且因采动效应影响和矿井空间分布复杂导致相邻含水层的污染过程与污染程度评价困难。以某闭坑矿区为研究对象,选取SO_(4)^(2-)作为特征污染物,考虑多煤层采动裂隙对含水层结构的破坏影响,运用数值模拟技术对闭坑矿区酸性矿井水中SO_(4)^(2-)污染迁移特征进行研究,并分析流体扩散系数对含水层污染物运移的影响。结果表明:SO_(4)^(2-)在二叠系童子岩组砂岩含水层中水平迁移面积随时间增大而增大,增大速率逐渐减小,垂向渗透系数扩大10倍,空间变异性增强;闭坑5、10、15a后,最大水平迁移距离分别为215、414、612m,最大垂向迁移距离分别达到50、65、70m;而扩散系数越大,产酸时间越长,SO_(4)^(2-)迁移距离和污染范围将随之增大,相较于水平方向,垂向上SO_(4)^(2-)浓度变化对扩散系数的敏感度更高。基于模拟结果,结合闭坑矿区实际条件,针对性提出了“源头减量-过程阻断-末端治理”的综合防控与治理方案。研究结果将为该闭坑煤矿酸性矿井水污染治理与防控提供理论基础,也为其他同类矿井提供科学借鉴。

基于“扩缝串洞”理念的超深层小缝洞群碳酸盐岩储层改造数值模拟

随着四川盆地和塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩油气藏勘探开发逐渐迈向超深层领域,受地质条件影响,储层由大型缝洞向以厘米—毫米级小缝洞群转变,以往针对大型缝洞储层改造的酸压技术系列难以适应小缝洞群储层。为充分释放超深层小缝洞群碳酸盐岩储层的天然气产能潜力,基于小缝洞群碳酸盐岩储层特征,构建了多尺度离散缝洞方法,建立了考虑岩石变形、裂缝延伸、酸液流动反应、温度变化的热流固化多场耦合数值模型,最后提出了以多级转向扩面积、精准控黏串缝洞、定点生酸扩缝长为核心的“扩缝串洞”缝控改造理念,并对小缝洞群碳酸盐岩储层“扩缝串洞”缝控改造方式进行了优化分析。研究结果表明:①多级交替注入形成的黏性指进现象可以促进缝控改造面积的增加和裂缝非均匀刻蚀,从而提高改造后的产能,且缝控改造效果最佳;②酸液注入黏度比增加,缝控改造无因次产能指数呈现先增大后减小的规律,当黏度比超过30,缝控改造无因次产能指数开始迅速减小,缝控改造中酸液交替黏度比需控制在25~35区间;③酸液用量越大,缝控改造面积及改造后无因次产能指数越大,但对于一定地层参数和单井控制面积的缝控改造存在极限酸液用量,超过该酸液用量后缝控面积趋于极限值,而无因次产能指数仍随酸液用量的增加而稳定增大。结论认为,提高缝控改造面积和激活动用小缝洞群是小缝洞群碳酸盐岩储层提产的关键,该认识为超深层小缝洞群碳酸盐岩气藏的高效开发提供了理论指导。

致密灰岩水平井复合缝网加砂压裂技术研究与矿场实践

鄂尔多斯盆地太原组石灰岩资源丰富,是长庆油田天然气勘探开发的重要接替领域。但由于储层致密、厚度薄、酸岩反应速率快等因素,以往多种酸压工艺均未能获得产量突破。为此,转变增产技术思路,强化裂缝扩展规律实验研究、压裂液及关键材料研发配套、体积压裂模式精细刻画,形成“多段少簇密集造缝、酸压—加砂双元复合”为一体的水平井复合缝网加砂压裂技术。通过开展大露头压裂物理模拟实验,结合储层地质特点及岩石力学特征,明确储层高脆性、低两向水平主应力差、微裂缝发育特征,采用体积压裂工艺能够实现复杂缝网改造;集“深度酸压+大规模加砂”双重技术优势,构建“水力缝网+酸蚀裂缝”相结合的高导流裂缝流动通道,结合水平井密切割压裂大幅提高裂缝改造体积;针对石灰岩高杨氏模量、高破裂压力、高裂缝延伸压力、低裂缝宽度的三高一低特征,通过提高套管承压等级、差异化裂缝铺砂设计,形成多尺度小粒径连续加砂模式,解决了高杨氏模量储层加砂难问题;基于基质、壁面、裂缝三级伤害评价,研发低伤害变黏滑溜水体系,实现高杨氏模量储层造缝、成网、携砂需求。现场试验4口井,平均单井产量为59.7×10^(4)m^(3)/d,较酸压直井提高5~20倍以上,增产效果显著。目前,水平井复合缝网加砂压裂技术已成为太原组石灰岩水平井储层改造的主体技术,为该类气藏的勘探突破及有效开发提供了有力的技术保障。