Ionizations and fragmentations of benzene, methylbenzene, and chlorobenzene are studied in linearly polarized 50-fs, 800-nm and 400-nm strong laser fields using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. It is shown that at ...Ionizations and fragmentations of benzene, methylbenzene, and chlorobenzene are studied in linearly polarized 50-fs, 800-nm and 400-nm strong laser fields using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. It is shown that at low laser intensity, the parent ions are dominant for any one of the molecules in an 800-nm strong laser field, while extensive fragmentation is observed in a 400-nm laser field, which can be understood by the resonant photon absorption of molecular cations. The ratio of the yield of the parent ion to the yield of the total ion for each molecule is measured as a function of laser intensity in a range from 1.0 × 1013 W/cm2 to 4.0 × 1014 W/cm2, in either the 800-nm or 400-nm laser field. The results show that the fragmentation of the aromatic molecules increases significantly as the laser intensity is increased. Possible mechanisms for fragmentation in strong laser fields are discussed. Finally, the saturation intensity of ionization of the titled molecules is also determined.展开更多
Spreading of antibiotic resistant bacteria into environment is becoming a major public health problem, implicating affair of the indirect transmission of antibiotic resistant bacteria to human through drinking water, ...Spreading of antibiotic resistant bacteria into environment is becoming a major public health problem, implicating affair of the indirect transmission of antibiotic resistant bacteria to human through drinking water, or vegetables, or daily products. Until now, the risk of nosocomial infection of antibiotic resistant bacteria has mainly been evaluated using clinical isolates by phenotypic method. To evaluate a risk of community-acquired infection of antibiotic resistant bacteria, a new method has been developed based on PCR-RFLP without isolation. By comparing restriction fragment lengths of the 16S rDNA gene from bacterial mixture grown under antibiotic treatment to those simulated from the DNA sequence, bacterial taxonomies were elucidated using the method of Okuda and Watanabe [1] [2]. In this study, taxonomies of polymyxin B resistant bacteria group in field soils, paddy field with organic manure and upland field without organic manure were estimated without isolation. In the both field soils, the major bacteria grown under the antibiotic were B. cereus group, which had natural resistance to this antibiotic. In field applied with organic manure, Prevotella spp., and the other Cytophagales, which were suggested to be of feces origin and to acquire resistance to the antibiotic, were detected. When numbers of each bacterial group were roughly estimated by the most probable number method, B. cereus group was enumerated to be 3.30 × 106 MPN/g dry soil in paddy field soil and 1.32 × 106 MPN/g dry soil in upland filed. Prevotella spp. and the other Cytophagales in paddy field were enumerated to be 1.31 × 106 MPN, and 1.07 × 106 MPN·g-1 dry soil.展开更多
为探究静磁场辅助冷冻(static magnetic field assisted freezing,SMAF)对牛肉品质的影响,采用不同强度SMAF(0、2、4、6、8、10 mT,-18℃),对比分析冷冻参数对牛背最长肌品质的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比,SMAF-6、8、10处理组相变时...为探究静磁场辅助冷冻(static magnetic field assisted freezing,SMAF)对牛肉品质的影响,采用不同强度SMAF(0、2、4、6、8、10 mT,-18℃),对比分析冷冻参数对牛背最长肌品质的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比,SMAF-6、8、10处理组相变时间分别显著缩短15%、25%和6.7%(P<0.05);SMAF处理有效提高了肌肉的持水性(解冻损失率、蒸煮损失率和离心损失率),降低了样品的ΔE(P<0.05),但对样品的pH值和硫代巴比妥酸反应物值无显著影响(P>0.05);此外,剪切力与肌原纤维小片化指数的结果一致,SMAF处理维持了牛肉的剪切力;十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳结果显示,SMAF处理可以减少肉品经冷冻-解冻后蛋白质含量的降低。综上,在适当的静磁场强度下辅助冷冻,可节省冻结时间,提高肌肉持水力,减少蛋白质含量的降低,从而改善牛肉品质,其中SMAF-8处理效果最佳。展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2013CB922200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11274140)
文摘Ionizations and fragmentations of benzene, methylbenzene, and chlorobenzene are studied in linearly polarized 50-fs, 800-nm and 400-nm strong laser fields using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. It is shown that at low laser intensity, the parent ions are dominant for any one of the molecules in an 800-nm strong laser field, while extensive fragmentation is observed in a 400-nm laser field, which can be understood by the resonant photon absorption of molecular cations. The ratio of the yield of the parent ion to the yield of the total ion for each molecule is measured as a function of laser intensity in a range from 1.0 × 1013 W/cm2 to 4.0 × 1014 W/cm2, in either the 800-nm or 400-nm laser field. The results show that the fragmentation of the aromatic molecules increases significantly as the laser intensity is increased. Possible mechanisms for fragmentation in strong laser fields are discussed. Finally, the saturation intensity of ionization of the titled molecules is also determined.
文摘Spreading of antibiotic resistant bacteria into environment is becoming a major public health problem, implicating affair of the indirect transmission of antibiotic resistant bacteria to human through drinking water, or vegetables, or daily products. Until now, the risk of nosocomial infection of antibiotic resistant bacteria has mainly been evaluated using clinical isolates by phenotypic method. To evaluate a risk of community-acquired infection of antibiotic resistant bacteria, a new method has been developed based on PCR-RFLP without isolation. By comparing restriction fragment lengths of the 16S rDNA gene from bacterial mixture grown under antibiotic treatment to those simulated from the DNA sequence, bacterial taxonomies were elucidated using the method of Okuda and Watanabe [1] [2]. In this study, taxonomies of polymyxin B resistant bacteria group in field soils, paddy field with organic manure and upland field without organic manure were estimated without isolation. In the both field soils, the major bacteria grown under the antibiotic were B. cereus group, which had natural resistance to this antibiotic. In field applied with organic manure, Prevotella spp., and the other Cytophagales, which were suggested to be of feces origin and to acquire resistance to the antibiotic, were detected. When numbers of each bacterial group were roughly estimated by the most probable number method, B. cereus group was enumerated to be 3.30 × 106 MPN/g dry soil in paddy field soil and 1.32 × 106 MPN/g dry soil in upland filed. Prevotella spp. and the other Cytophagales in paddy field were enumerated to be 1.31 × 106 MPN, and 1.07 × 106 MPN·g-1 dry soil.
文摘为探究静磁场辅助冷冻(static magnetic field assisted freezing,SMAF)对牛肉品质的影响,采用不同强度SMAF(0、2、4、6、8、10 mT,-18℃),对比分析冷冻参数对牛背最长肌品质的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比,SMAF-6、8、10处理组相变时间分别显著缩短15%、25%和6.7%(P<0.05);SMAF处理有效提高了肌肉的持水性(解冻损失率、蒸煮损失率和离心损失率),降低了样品的ΔE(P<0.05),但对样品的pH值和硫代巴比妥酸反应物值无显著影响(P>0.05);此外,剪切力与肌原纤维小片化指数的结果一致,SMAF处理维持了牛肉的剪切力;十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳结果显示,SMAF处理可以减少肉品经冷冻-解冻后蛋白质含量的降低。综上,在适当的静磁场强度下辅助冷冻,可节省冻结时间,提高肌肉持水力,减少蛋白质含量的降低,从而改善牛肉品质,其中SMAF-8处理效果最佳。
