Enhancing Women's Well-being and Self-Confidence through Fragrance Cosmetics:Perceptions within Close and Broader Social Circles

Mental and physical stress can affect people's self-confidence and happiness.The primary objective of this study is to develop an active fragrance that has been proved to have a positive effect on happiness and self-confidence based on the latest research results of aroma components and fragrance innovation.The active fragrance is applied to the cream formula to study the emotions it brings to the user and extend the research scope of the active emotion to the close and extensive social circle of users to see whether it can perceive it.This study provides a reference cosmetic solution for emotional regulating active fragrance.

Causes and Countermeasures for Fragrance Diminishing of Rice Cultivar Daohuaxiang 2 in Heilongjiang Province

High-quality fragrant rice Daohuaxiang 2 is a well-known variety in grain industry of Heilongjiang Province. However, its fragrance has weakened in recent years. In this paper, the causes for fragrance diminishing of Daohuaxiang 2 were discussed in depth. It was pointed out that variety degeneration, growth period influence, environmental factor influence, soil fertility influence and long drying time were the main causes for fragrance diminishing of Daohuaxiang 2. In addition, countermeasures for avoiding the fragrance diminishing were put forward.

Synthesis of melamine-formaldehyde microcapsules containing oil-based fragrances via intermediate polyacrylate bridging layers

A general and versatile strategy to prepare melamine-formaldehyde(MF)microcapsules encapsulating oil-based fragrances by combining solvent evaporation and in situ polymerization was proposed in this work.The oil-based fragrance was pre-encapsulated by an inner polyacrylate membrane via solvent evaporation,followed by in situ polymerization of MF precondensates as an outer shell.The polyacrylate membrane is used as an intermediate bridging layer to stabilize the oil-based fragrance,and to provide driving forces for in situ polymerization of MF precondensates through electrostatic attractions between carboxyl groups and ammonium ions.It was demonstrated that MF microcapsules containing clove oil were prepared successfully.The amount and the composition of the intermediate polyacrylate bridging layer were critical.Smooth and sphere-shaped MF-clove oil microcapsules were prepared when the weight ratio of polyacrylate to clove oil was over 60 wt%and the concentration of acrylic acid(AA)increased to 10 wt%in polyacrylate.In addition,MF microcapsules containing sunflower oil and hexyl salicylate were prepared by using this method.The work suggests that this new approach can be potentially used to encapsulate various core materials,tuning the shell properties of microcapsules such as thickness,mechanical strength and release properties.

Human responses to flower fragrance of Lilium ‘Siberia’ and Rosa ‘Escimo’

The objective of our study was to lay a foundation for the effect of flower flagrance on human emotions and to provide a theory for the choice of indoor plants and the improvement of the olfactory environment. Specifically, our purpose was to study human physiological responses to flower fragrance of Lilium ＇Siberia＇ and Rosa ＇Escimo＇. The participants were 31 college students. Blood pressure, pulse rate, finger temperature （FT） and galvanic skin response （GSR） were measured. The results show that the fragrance of Rosa ＇Escimo＇ causes the diastolic pressure and pulse rate of the participants to reduce significantly. The average decrease was 0.37 kPa and 2.23 beats per minute, which indicates that sympathetic nervous activity increases, physiological arousal decreases and emotional alleviation occurs. Furthermore, the GSR of participants significantly increased by smelling the fragrance of Lilium ＇Siberia＇, indicating that both sympathetic nervous activity and physiological arousal increased. But the data could not prove that flower fragrance stimulation has an effect on changes in systolic pressure and finger temperature. Some other factors, such as basic emotion and weather, may have an effect.

Studies on Fragrance Raw Materials of α-Terpineol Analogues

Thirty four α-substituted or α, α-disubstituted-( 1-methylcyclohexen-4-yl )methanols and α-substituted or α,α-disubstituted-(4-methylcyclohexyl) methanols weresynthesized. Thirty two of them are new compounds. 1H NMR and IR spectra of allthe compounds were determined, MS spectra of some of them were obtained as well.The characteristic odors were evaluated.Keywords Fragrance raw materials,α-Terpineol analogues, Synthesis, Structuredetermination

Volatile metabolome and transcriptome reveal fragrance release rhythm and molecular mechanisms of Rosa yangii

Rose is a highly significant ornamental plant with substantial edible and medicinal value,cultivated worldwide primarily for perfume production.Recently,Rosa yangii,a new species found in northwestern Yunnan,China,has drawn attention due to its strong sweet scented flowers.In this study,the floral components of R.yangii were extracted at different flowering stages using solid phase micro extraction(SPME)and analyzed through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).A total of 131 volatile organic compounds(VOCs)were detected from R.yangii,including 69 odor compounds.The production and release of floral VOCs were the highest during the initial-open stage,making it the most suitable time for harvesting as a significant number of floral components were synthesized and preserved.The analysis of the odor activity values(OAV)highlighted several key aromatic ingredients of R.yangii,such as eugenol,methyleugenol,benzeneacetaldehyde and phenylethylalcohol,heptanal,decanal,(E)-2-hexen-1-yl acetate,caryophyllene,and others.Metabolome and time-order gene co-expression networks(TO-GCN)revealed that VOCs and benzenoids/phenylpropanoids,along with associated genes,played a pivotal role in the overall floral regulatory network of R.yangii.MYB and bHLH were identified as the essential regulatory factors governing the regulation of eugenol synthase(EGS)and isoeugenol synthase(IGS),consequently influencing the sweet scent of R.yangii.The findings of this study provide a scientific foundation for enhancing fragrance through molecular breeding of ornamental plants.Furthermore,the study facilitated the development and utilization of this new plant’s essential oil material in various industries,including food storage,aromatherapy,cosmetic,and perfumery.

Studies on Silicon-Containing Fragrance Raw Materials( Ⅱ )——Syntheses and Odors of 4-Trimethylsilylcyclohex-3-enol and 4-Trimethylsilylcyclohexanol Derivatives

1-Substituted- 4-trimethylsilylcyclohex- 3-enol and 1-substituted- 4-trimetnylsilyl-cyclohexanol, 4-trimethylsilylcyclohex-3-enol and 4-trimethylsilylcyclohexanol, and some of their esters and carbon counterparts were synthesized. Structures of the nineteen new compounds were determined by 1H NMR, IR and MS. Their odors are evaluated.

Application of Silica Aerogel Carrier via Supercritical Drying for Fragrance Controlled-release

Silica aerogel with different hydrophilicities were prepared from tetramethoxysilane,Methymethoxysilane,tetramethoxysilane-propyltrimethoxysilane,or tetramethoxysilane-phenyltrimethoxysilane mixtures via supercritical drying process(labelled as TMOS-AG Me-TMOS-AG,Pr-TMOS-AG,or Ph-TMOS-AG,respectively).Three fragrances,including geraniol,ethyl vanillin,and menthol,were loaded to TMOS-AG.The thermal analysis confirmed all loading fragrances are stable until over 200℃.And among all fragrances,geraniol presented the maximum loading contents(L_(m)).Concentration dependences indicated the geraniol was mono layer absorbed.Py-GC/MS of geraniol in TMOS-AG under both N_(2)and mimic air atmosphere(90%N_(2)and 10%O_(2))confirmed that loaded geraniol could be thermally controlled-released beginning at 200℃.As N_(2)absorption confirmed,even absorption/desorption equilibrium constant(k)was determined mainly by hydrophilicity of silica aerogels,and the maximum loading contents(L_(m))were influenced more by the pore size.Due to mono layered absorption,bigger pores usually give less specific areas and less absorbing sites for geraniol,and then present lower L_(m).

Relationship between Ham Quality and Body Weight of Fragrance Pig

[ Objective ] The paper was to determine the weight range of fragrance pigs suitable for processing small ham. [ Method ] In terms of differences in sensory state and physical and chemical indicators of hams produced by fragrance pigs with different weights, 29 fragrance pigs at five weight grades were chosen and processed in accordance with Chinese ham processing methods. The products were evaluated by sense, and their salt and moisture contents were also measured. [Result] The fragTance pigs less than 30 kg were not suitable for making Chinese ham, while the fragrance pigs weighed 32 -45 kg could be made into the ham with prominent flavor, beautiful appearance, good color, moderate taste, and suitable moisture content, of which the pigs weighed 40 -45 kg were the best materials for processing small ham. [ Conclusion] The study provided scientific basis for industrial development of fragrance pig.

Preliminary Measurement of Internal Organs of Congjiang Fragrance Pig and Huanjiang Fragrance Pig

Fragrance pig is a famous miniature local breed in China,which is similar to human on the aspects of physical structure,anatomy,nutrition,metabolism and blood biochemical indicators. The internal organs of Congjiang fragrance pig and Huanjiang fragrance pig with different month ages were weighed. The results showed that the proportion of stomach in body weight in Congjiang fragrance pig was higher than that in Min pig,Harbin white and Landrace,and the proportion of large intestine in body weight in Congjiang fragrance pig was also higher than that in ordinary pigs; the weights of heart,liver and kidney in 8- 10 months old Congjiang fragrance pig were similar to that in Chinese adults. This provided reference data for future in-depth development and utilization of fragrance pig.

Growth Development and Reproductive Performance of Congjiang Fragrance Pig

[Objective] The paper was to determine whether the germplasm resources of Congjiang fragrance pig had changed over the past 30 years. [Method]The growth development and reproductive performance of 100 pigs from six towns in central fragrance pig producing area and Congjiang fragrance pig stock seed farm were measured,and further compared with the data in Guizhou Livestock and Poultry Breeds 1986. [Result]The growth and development status was basically consistent,and the average litter size was at a downward trend: the first litter decreased by 26. 2%; the second litter decreased by 7. 0%; the third litter decreased by8. 55%. [Conclusion] The study laid the foundation for vigorous promotion of Congjiang fragrance pig in industrial development process,acceleration of breeding pace,gradual updating of farming breeds by farmers and improvement of production efficiency of fragrance pig.

Genetic Relationship of Fragrance Pigs

[ Objective] The paper was to study the genetic background of four unique types of fragrance pigs in China. [ Method ] Using 27 pairs of micmsatellite loci jointly recommended by Food and Agricultural Organization （FAO） and International Society for Animal Genetics （ISAG）, we detected the genotypes of 200 fragrance individuals belonging to four types （Jiuyang fragrance pig, Jianbai fragrance pig, Cangjiang fragrance pig and Huangjiang fragrance pig）, and analyzed their inter-and intra-breed genetic variations. Clustering analysis was also conducted using neighbor-joining （NJ） method and unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean （UPGMA）. [ Result] The genetic relationship between Congiiang fragrance pig and Huangjiang fragrance pig was the closest, followed by the ge- netic relationship between Jiuyang fragrance pig and Jianbai fragrance pig; the genetic distance between Jianbai fragrance pig and Huangjiang fragrance pig was the farthest, which was consistent with their geographic distribution, ecological environment and body physical characteristics. Clustering resuhs showed that Jiuyang fragrance pig and Jianbai fragrance pig clustered into one class, while Congjiang fragrance pig and Huangjiang fragrance pig clustered into another class. [ Conclu- sion] The study laid the foundation for quantitative trait loci positioning of good genes of these breeds and implementation of genetic marker-assisted selection.

Application of Ethylparaben in Quality Control of Favoring Agents and Fragrances Used for Cigarette Production

This study was conducted to evaluate the antimierobial activity of ethylparaben （ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate） in flavoring agents and fragrances used tot cigarette production. In brief, different levels of ethylparaben were added to Ziyun and Ruanzhen fragrance concentrates, and fermented with or without the additiorl of extra microbial strains. The aroma components in the fermented samples were detected via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC/MS） assay. The results showed that ethylparaben had good antimicrobial activity on the microorganism in Ziyun and Ruanzhen fragrances, and as it significantly inhibited the growth of Sac- charomyces sp. Aeetobacter sp. , Agrobacterium sp. and Bacillus sp. , with an inhibition rate of 53%. Under natural fermentation condition, 91. 885% of the micro- organisms were inhibited by adding 0. 1 g/kg ethylparaben, 97.69% were inhibited by adding 0.3 g/kg ethylparaben, and 100% were inhibited by adding 0.5 g/kg ethylparaben. Moreover, the addition of ethylparaben had no obvious influence on the aroma components of the favoring agents and fragrances. So, it carl be used as a preservative for the quality control of favoring agents and fragrances for cigarette production.

The Balance Between the Transmitted and the Perceived Image of Luxury Fragrance Brands

The luxury market has experienced considerable growth over recent years, being one of the sectors that have been the most resistant to the current economic recession. Selective fragrances make up one of the primary categories of the so-called accessible luxury consumed by a middle class that is seeking to approach the upper classes by copying their lifestyle. Despite the importance of this market, there is relatively little literature existing in regards to the study of the image of luxury brands due to the complexity of the luxury phenomenon. This article presents the results of an initial qualitative study conducted on focus groups of luxury fragrance consumers, making it possible to identify the types of attributes to be considered when studying the brand image of said luxury products. Subsequently, a quantitative study was conducted in order to determine the perceived image of the principle luxury fragrance brands by consumers. Thanks to this study, it has been possible to determine the typical profile of each of the analyzed brands so that a subsequent comparison may be made with the advertising created by said brands in order to verify whether or not the image projected in their advertising corresponds with the perceived image of their target audience.

Intra-breed Genetic Variation of Fragrance Pigs Detected by Microsatellite Markers

[Objective] The genetic background of four types of fragrance pigs was studied using microsatellite molecular markers,in order to fully understand the genetic resources of miniature pigs in China.[Method] Using 27 pairs of microsatellite loci jointly recommended by Food and Agricultural Organization（FAO）and International Society for Animal Genetics（ISAG）,we detected the genotypes of 200 fragrance individuals belonging to four types（Jiuyang fragrance pig,Jianbai fragrance pig,Congjiang fragrance pig and Huanjiang fragrance pig）,and analyzed their Inter-and intra-breed genetic variations.[Result]The 23 loci detected in the test were high polymorphic;the mean heterozygosity（H） of Jiuyang fragrance pig,Jianbai fragrance pig,Congjiang fragrance pig and Huanjiang fragrance pig were 0.683 6,0.667 9,0.697 3 and 0.702 2,and their mean polymorphism information contents（PIC） were 0.6263,0.6063,0.6420 and 0.6415,respectively.[Conclusion]Four types of fragrance pigs detected in the test all had high intra-breed genetic variability.

A Brief Analysis of the Influence of China-Us Trade Friction on China’s Fragrance and Flavor Industry

Trade friction between China and US have escalated,commodities involved in China-US trade is being affected.China is important import and export market for fragrance and flavor.The United States is the third largest importer and the largest exporter of China’s fragrance and flavor commodities.This round of tariff increasing has important impact on China’s fragrance and flavor trade.In the review,development of China’s fragrance and flavor industry and the situation of their imports and exports,especially trade between China and US,are briefly introduced;focusing on the tariff increasing of fragrance and flavor products between the two countries,the impact of trade friction to the industry is anticipated.

贮后乙烯利处理对1-甲基环丙烯保鲜花牛苹果催熟品质的影响

目的研究乙烯利催熟对低温贮藏10个月、经不同浓度1-甲基环丙烯(1-methylcyclopropene,1-MCP)处理的花牛苹果果实品质和香气成分的影响。方法以天水花牛苹果为试材,采用不同浓度1-MCP熏蒸处理(0、1、2μL/L)后,置(0±1)℃低温下贮藏10个月,研究乙烯利催熟处理对其感官品质(果实硬度、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、呼吸速率和乙烯释放量)、挥发性香气物质成分等指标的影响。结果不同浓度乙烯利处理均使花牛苹果果实贮后呼吸强度、乙烯释放量增加,果实硬度、可滴定酸含量降低;乙烯利催熟后,果实香气有效恢复,贮后经1、3、5 mL/L乙烯利处理的果实常温货架10 d时,分别检测出70、87和81种香气成分,较同期不经乙烯利催熟果实分别增加16.7%、45.0%和35.0%,且3 mL/L乙烯利处理对0、1μL/L 1-MCP处理果实催熟效果最佳,5 ml/L乙烯利处理对2μL/L 1-MCP处理果实催熟效果最佳。结论贮后乙烯利催熟处理可加快经保鲜处理花牛苹果的后熟进程,促进果实香气成分的产生,提高其感官品质和食用价值。

微胶囊释香饰面板的制备及其香气缓释性能评价

【目的】制备稳定、持久释香的饰面板,并建立缓释性能评价方法,实现规模化生产。【方法】采用微胶囊和树脂复合包覆方法制备释香型浸渍胶膜纸饰面板;采用固相微萃取-气相-质谱联用技术(solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,SPME-GC-MS),通过人工嗅闻直测法和气味分级法分析了释香饰面板在50℃下480 h的加速释香过程,揭示其香气释放机制,并建立香气缓释性能的快速评价方法。【结果】添加0.75%释香微胶囊的饰面板释香效果最优;微胶囊经热压后仍能均匀分布在胶层的表面和内部,壁材和胶层起到协同缓释香气的作用,且香气主成分(芳樟醇)的释放与温度、时间呈正相关。【结论】制备了持久、稳定释香的饰面板,并通过香气加速释放和干燥器富集法建立了香气缓释性能快速评测方法。

欧盟致敏性香精香料管理对我国化妆品原料管理的启示

香精香料是化妆品中的常见原料,同时也是容易引发接触性皮炎的致敏成分。为了确保消费者的安全,有必要进一步加强对致敏性香精香料的管理。欧盟消费者安全科学委员(SCCS)会多次对致敏性香料香精成分进行评估,欧盟委员会根据评估意见调整了需单独标注的致敏性香精香料成分名单。以欧盟对化妆品中致敏性香精香料的管理为参考,结合我国相关原料的使用规定,为我国香精香料类原料的管理提出建议。

果香香韵单体在壁式加热卷烟中转移行为分析研究

为量化表征果香单体香原料在壁式加热卷烟中的调香可用性,基于气相色谱质谱联用技术和嗅觉感官阈值测定,分别研究了果香单体香料在壁式加热卷烟中的转移分布、加香贡献度及逐口释放行为。通过研究发现:1)果香单体香原料的加香贡献度D值差距甚大,其中D值最大的γ-辛内酯(12485.0)是苯甲醇(0.1)的10万倍;2)果香单体香料的主流烟气转移率不高,约7%~37%,但高沸点香料损失主要原因是冷凝截留而低沸点香料损失主要原因是抽吸过程中空气散失;3)果香单体香料的逐口释放量随抽吸口序增加有两种趋势,一种呈逐口递减趋势,另一种呈先增后递减趋势。其中庚酸乙酯,辛酸乙酯,癸酸乙酯,乙酰丙酸乙酯和苯乙酸乙酯属递减,肉桂酸乙酯,γ-庚内酯,γ-辛内酯,γ-癸内酯等属先增后减。