基于液质联用技术比较郁香忍冬花蕾与金银花化学成分

目的 比较郁香忍冬花蕾与金银花的成分差异,评估郁香忍冬花蕾药用价值,为其开发利用提供参考。方法 以70%甲醇为提取溶剂,以UPLC-TOF-MS分析成分种类,以HPLC-QQQ-MS测定成分含量,经多元统计分析确定成分差异。结果 在郁香忍冬花蕾与金银花中共鉴定出52种成分,20种定量成分含量差异显著,金银花有4种差异成分,郁香忍冬花蕾的异绿原酸C、阿魏酸、木犀草苷、芦丁含量是金银花的2倍以上,马钱酸、马钱苷含量分别是金银花的11.96、37.23倍。马钱苷、异绿原酸A、马钱酸、芦丁及断马钱酸是区分郁香忍冬花蕾及金银花的关键差异成分。结论 郁香忍冬花蕾与金银花成分种类相近,但含量差异明显,郁香忍冬花蕾具有重要药用价值,可进一步开发利用。

Chemical composition,antioxidant and antibacterial activities of essential oil and methanol extract of Artemisia vulgaris and Gaultheria fragrantissima collected from Nepal

Objective: To identify the chemical constituents and biological activities of essential oil and crude methanol extract of Artemisia vulgaris(A.vulgaris) and Gaultheria fragrantissima(G.fragrantissima).Methods: Phytochemical screening, total phenolic and flavonoid content, antibacterial activities, anti-oxidant assay of the crude extract were carried out to identify the biological activities and phytonutrients present in the extract.Furthermore, the chemical constituents present in the essential oil and crude methanol extract were analyzed using gas chromatography mass spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) analysis.Results: Gas chromatography mass spectroscopy analysis of essential oil from the aerial part of A.vulgaris revealed 24 different compounds in it.Sabinene(11.29%), b-thujone(19.19%), chrysanthenone(4.48%), camphor(11.89%), borneol(4.44%) and germacrene D(8.42%) were the major compounds.Similarly, leaves of G.fragrantissima contained methyl salicylate(95%) and asarone(4.64%).Furthermore, methanol extract of leaves of A.vulgaris and G.fragrantissima were found rich in the total flavonoids and phenolic content.HPLC analysis of the methanol extract of leaves A.vulgaris revealed the presence of morin and luteolin, whereas rutin was found as a major flavonoids compound in the leaves of G.fragrantissima.Further, methanol extract of the A.vulgaris and G.fragrantissima showed the highest antioxidant and antibacterial properties compared to the essential oil.Conclusions: The HPLC analysis of the methanol extract of A.vulgaris shows the presence of luteolin and morin, whereas G.fragrantissima reveals the presence of rutin and a glycosylated flavonoids.Results reveal that A.vulgaris oil is the rich source of monoterpene and sesquiterpene compounds.Furthermore, A.vulgaris and G.fragrantissima are the rich source of the phenolic and flavonoids compounds and show good antioxidant and antibacterial activity.

Achillea fragrantissima,rich in flavonoids and tannins,potentiates the activity of diminazine aceturate against Trypanosoma evansi in rats

Objective:To evaluate activity of methanol extract of Achillea fragrantissima(meth)(A.fragrantissima) alone or in combination with diminazine aceturate(DA) against Trypanosoma evansi in experimentally infected rats.Methods:Sixty adult male Wister albino rats were divided equally into 6 groups(A-F).Rats in groups A-E were experimentally infected with T.evansi and those in group F were uninfected.The groups were treated respectively as follows:group A- with 3.5 mg/kg DA;group B- with 1 000 mg/kg meth,A.fragrantissima;group C-3.5mg/kg DA plus 500 mg/kg meth A.fragrantissima;group D-3.5 mg/kg DA plus 1 000 mg/kg meth A.fragrantissima.Group E was left untreated.Parasitaemia,survivability,packed cell volume,hemoglobin concentration,total leucocytes count,lymphocyte count,and serum malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione(GSH) levels were estimated.Phytochemical screening of meth A.fragrantissima was also performed.Results:The phytochemical analysis of the meth A.fragrantissima indicated a higher content from polyphenols tannins and non tannins and flavonoids.The efficacy percentage against trypanosomiasis in groups A to E was respectively as follows 80,40,90.100,0.The administration of meth-A.fragrantissima(1000)mg/kg b.wt.) produced a moderate efficacy against trypanosomiasis.Untreated rats in group E died between 25 and 30 d post infection.The rats given DA and meth A.fragrantissima combinations(C and D) showed faster and higher recovery rates than the uninfected control and groups A and B.The initial reduction in packed cell volume,hemoglobin,total leucocytes count,increases in serum malondialdehyde and decreases in GSH levels were reversed by the treatments.C onclusions:The administration of the methanol extracts of A.fragrantissima and DA combination therapy was more effective than each product alone in the treatment of rats infected with Trypanosoma evansi and further studies are required to isolate more active ingredients.

Biological activities of the hydro-alcoholic and aqueous extracts of <i>Achillea fragrantissima</i>(Forssk.) grown in Jordan

Aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts of Achillea fragrantissima L. (Asteraceae) grown in Jordan were screened for their antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiplatelet, anti-proliferative and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition efficacy. Total phenols and flavonoids were determined colorimetrically. The radical scavenging activities were evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity assays. High performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLCMS) analysis resulted in the identification of 7 phenolic compounds in the hydro-alcoholic extract and 4 compounds in the aqueous extract;quercetin 3-β-D-glucoside was the main component for both extracts. Antimicrobial activities were determined by antimicrobial susceptibility testing such as agar well-diffusion method, minimum inhibition concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration. Gram positive bacteria showed sensitivity to hydro-alcoholic extract in the agar-well diffusion test. No significant activity was observed against gram negative bacteria and Candida albicans. Hydro-alcoholic extract had a bactericidal activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Bacillus cereus at high concentrations (MIC 12.5 mg/ml) rather than inhibitory effect. In vitro antiplatelet activity was tested on human whole blood using an electrical impedance method. At concentrations (50, 100, and 200 μg/ml), no effect on platelet aggregation was noticed. Anti-proliferative activity was investigated using the MTT assay. At concentrations up to 200 μg/ml, extracts did not possess cytotoxic activity against the MCF-7 cells. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory capacity of A. fragrantissima extracts was tested using TLC assay method, and neither aqueous, nor hydroalcoholic extracts showed AChE inhibition. The present investigation supported the traditional use of A. fragrantissima in the Jordanian folk medicine as an antimicrobial active representative of the genus Achillea. A. fragrantissima extracts should be further studied for their potential use in preventing/treating diseases in which oxidative stress is a part of the pathophysiology.

芳香白珠茎叶精油成分分析及抑菌和抗氧化活性研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取芳香白珠茎叶精油,利用气相色谱质谱联用技术(GC-MS)分析其化学成分。用滤纸片法测定抑菌活性,通过自由基清除法和还原能力测定评价其体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,从芳香白珠茎叶精油中共鉴定出18种化学成分,占总量的93.46%,水杨酸甲酯含量最高,为87.05%,其次为水杨酸乙酯,含量为1.73%。芳香白珠茎叶精油对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌均有抑制效果,其对三种菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为100 mg/mL、50 mg/mL和100 mg/mL。芳香白珠茎叶精油具有良好的抗氧化活性,其对ABTS^(+)•、DPPH•、O^(2-)•的IC_(50)分别为30.35 mg/mL、19.29 mg/mL和12.73 mg/mL,与水杨酸甲酯无显著差异;对Fe^(3+)的还原能力与水杨酸甲酯亦无显著差异。

盐胁迫对两种忍冬属植物活性氧平衡的影响

以红白忍冬和郁香忍冬盆栽苗为试验材料,研究不同浓度的NaCl胁迫对两者生理指标的影响,并比较它们的耐盐性差异。结果表明,在盐胁迫条件下,两种植物叶片的电导率、MDA含量均不断上升。胁迫期间,红白忍冬的H2O2含量相对于对照没有明显变化,O.2-产生速率在处理前期明显上升,上升出现的时间迟于郁香忍冬;而郁香忍冬的H2O2含量一直维持较高水平,O.2-产生速率在处理前期也有所增加。红白忍冬的SOD、APX和CAT活性总体表现出先上升后下降的趋势,而POD活性则一直上升。郁香忍冬在胁迫期间,其SOD活性有小幅增加;APX和CAT的活性均呈现先上升后下降的趋势;POD活性前期没有明显增加,在处理终期时也仅在100mmol/L胁迫下才显著增加。表明两种植物在遭受盐胁迫时,均能启动抗氧化酶系统来清除活性氧,降低氧化胁迫的伤害。同时,相对于郁香忍冬,红白忍冬通过快速上调抗氧化酶活性,降低盐胁迫对膜脂过氧化作用,保持膜的完整性,从而更好地抵御氧化损害更耐受盐胁迫。

郁香忍冬花蕾化学成分研究

目的：研究郁香忍冬花蕾的化学成分。方法：采用多种层析分离技术进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和波谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果：从郁香忍冬花蕾95%乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯部分分离得到9个化合物,分别鉴定为：绿原酸（1）、咖啡酸（2）、secologanoside（3）、secoxyloganin（4）、马钱子苷（5）、蔗糖（6）、肌醇（7）、芦丁（8）、金圣草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（9）。结论：其中,化合物2~9为首次从该植物中分离得到。

ABT生根粉一号促进杈杷果插穗生根效果良好

杈把果具有水土保持、药用和食用价值。采用5种生根剂3个质量浓度水平,开展杈把果扦插试验。结果表明:ABT生根粉一号100 mg/L浸蘸促进杈把果插穗生根的效果良好,生根率可达65%,可用于扦插育苗生产。

Anti-inflammatory and Chemical Composition of Two Plants Family Asteraceae Growing in Saudi Arabia

The study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and composition of essential oil of two plant family Asteraceae, Achillea fragrantissima and Lactuca serriola growing under dry desert condition. The anti-inflammatory effect of volatile oil extracted by hydrodistillation of plants was studied using carrageenan induced paw edema. Essential oil （100 mg/kg） and （200 mg/kg） were tested the two plant show high inhibition after 4 h, concentration （200 mg/kg） show high inhibition than （100 mg/kg） after 4 h. Sesqui sabinene hydrate, Azuline and u-Bisabolol are the main constituents of the volatile oil were investigated by capillary GC （gas chromatography） and GC-MS （gas chromatography-mass spectrometry）. The discussion shows the role of chemical compound azulene in inflammatory inhibition.

培养条件及贮藏方式对郁香忍冬离体花粉萌发的影响

花粉是植物有性生殖遗传物质传递的载体,其活力直接影响遗传物质传递的效率,花粉正常萌发是保证受精作用顺利进行的前提,人工模拟柱头中的花粉萌发环境,是检测花粉活性最可靠的方法。本研究以郁香忍冬离体花粉为试验材料,研究了不同蔗糖浓度(15%~45%)、硼酸浓度(100~300 mg/L)、不同培养温度(9℃,12℃,15℃,18℃)及贮藏方法对花粉萌发率的影响。结果表明:郁香忍冬花粉在30%蔗糖+100 mg/L硼酸溶液中,12℃条件下培养,萌发率最高。花粉短期贮藏的最佳方式为冷冻(-20℃)贮藏,冷藏(5℃)次之,而室温条件不适宜郁香忍冬花粉贮藏。该结果可为忍冬属植物人工杂交育种工作的开展提供参考依据和技术支撑。