Pushover analysis of reinforced concrete frames considering shear failure at beam-column joints

Since most current seismic capacity evaluations of reinforced concrete （RC） frame structures are implemented by either static pushover analysis （PA） or dynamic time history analysis, with diverse settings of the plastic hinges （PHs） on such main structural components as columns, beams and walls, the complex behavior of shear failure at beam-column joints （BCJs） during major earthquakes is commonly neglected. This study proposes new nonlinear PA procedures that consider shear failure at BCJs and seek to assess the actual damage to RC structures. Based on the specifications of FEMA-356, a simplified joint model composed of two nonlinear cross struts placed diagonally over the location of the plastic hinge is established, allowing a sophisticated PA to be performed. To verify the validity of this method, the analytical results for the capacity curves and the failure mechanism derived from three different full-size RC frames are compared with the experimental measurements. By considering shear failure at BCJs, the proposed nonlinear analytical procedures can be used to estimate the structural behavior of RC frames, including seismic capacity and the progressive failure sequence of joints, in a precise and effective manner.

Seismic performance of steel reinforced ultra high-strength concrete composite frame joints

To investigate the seismic performance of a composite frame comprised of steel reinforced ultra high-strength concrete （SRUHSC） columns and steel reinforced concrete （SRC） beams, six interior frame joint specimens were designed and tested under low cyclically lateral load. The effects of the axial load ratio and volumetric stirrup ratio were studied on the characteristics of the frame joint performance including crack pattern, failure mode, ductility, energy dissipation capacity, strength degradation and rigidity degradation. It was found that all joint specimens behaved in a ductile manner with flexural-shear failure in the joint core region while plastic hinges appeared at the beam ends. The ductility and energy absorption capacity of joints increased as the axial load ratio decreased and the volumetric stirIup ratio increased. The displacement ductility coefficient and equivalent damping coefficient of the joints fell between the corresponding coefficients of the steel reinforced concrete （SRC） frame joint and RC frame joint. The axial load ratio and volumetric stirrup ratio have less influence on the strength degradation and more influence on the stiffness degradation. The stiffness of the joint degrades more significantly for a low volumetric stirrup ratio and high axial load ratio. The characteristics obtained from the SRUHSC composite frame joint specimens with better seismic performance may be a useful reference in future engineering applications.

Seismic performance and global ductility of RC frames rehabilitated with retrofi tted joints by CFRP laminates

This paper presents a new FRP retrofi tting scheme to strengthen local beam-column joints in reinforced concrete(RC) frames.The new retrofi tting scheme was proposed following a preliminary study of four different existing retrofi tting schemes.A numerical simulation was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of FRP-strengthened reinforced concrete frames by bridging behavior of local joints to the whole structure.Local confi nement effects due to varying retrofi tting schemes in the joints were simulated in the frame model.The seismic behavior factor was used to evaluate the seismic performance of the strengthened RC frames.The results demonstrated that the new proposed retrofi tting scheme was robust and promising,and fi nite element analysis appropriately captured the strength and global ductility of the frame due to upgrading of the local joints.

Seismic Behaviour of Beam-Column Joints of Precast and Partial Steel Reinforced Concrete

A beam-column joint of precast and partial steel reinforced concrete( PPSRC) is proposed for precast reinforced concrete frames. The PPSRC consists of partial steel and reinforced concrete. The partial steel is located in the core joint region and the connections between concrete members. This paper presents an experimental study of a series of PPSRC specimens. These specimens are tested under low cyclic loading.Experimental results demonstrate that the bearing capacity of the PPSRC specimens is 3 times that of the ordinary reinforced concrete( RC) beam-column joints. The strength and stiffness degradation rates are slower compared with that of the RC beam-column joints. In addition,the strength of the core joint region and the connections is higher than other parts of the PPSRC specimens. Beam failure occurs firstly for the PPSRC specimens,followed by column failure and connections failure. The failure of the core joint region occurs finally.Test results show that the seismic performance of the PPSRC is better than that of the ordinary RC beam-column joints.

Fatigue Reliability Assessment of Correlated Welded Web-frame Joints

The objective of this work is to analyze the fatigue reliability of complex welded structures composed of multiple web-frame joints, accounting for correlation effects. A three-dimensional finite element model using the 20-node solid elements is generated. A linear elastic finite element analysis was performed, hotspot stresses in a web-frame joint were analyzed and fatigue damage was quantified employing the S-N approach. The statistical descriptors of the fatigue life of a non-correlated web-frame joint containing several critical hotspots were estimated. The fatigue reliability of a web-frame joint wasmodeled as a series system of correlated components using the Ditlevsen bounds. The fatigue reliability of the entire welded structure with multiple web-frame joints, modeled as a parallel system of non-correlated web-frame joints was also calculated.

Experimental Research and Finite Element Analysis on Setting Stiffening Rib of Corner Joints in Gabled Frames

In order to clear constructional design of corner joint, it is necessary to further investi-gate mechanical property of corner joint in gabled frames. Through static test and finite element software analysis of comparing the panel zone with and without inclined stiffener. Some conclusions are given in the article. The load displacement curves show that the capacity of oblique nodes installed within stiffening rib components is enhanced i.e. 40% more than those without stiffening rib nodes. The results reveal that in the gabled frames, the corner node with the inclined stiffening rib can improve the bearing capacity of the specimens. When the extraterritorial flange is tension, the erection of the inclined stiffening rib can prevent structural failure and improve effectually the ductility of the structure.

Experimental Study on Seismic Behavior ofSeismic-damaged Lateral Joints in CompositeFrame Consisting of CFSST Columns and SteelBeams Strengthened with Enclosed ReinforcedConcrete

A new composite strengthening method of seismic-damaged lateral joints in composite frame consisting of Concrete-Filled SquareSteel Tubes （CFSST） columns and steel beams strengthened with enclosed Reinforced Concrete （RC） at the ends of columns andwelding steel plates at the ends of beams was presented. Based on the current design specifications, one half scaled models of 4lateral joints in composite frame consisting of CFSST columns and steel beams were designed and manufactured. One model wasoriginal control specimen, one was strengthened by enclosed RC, and the others were strengthened after pre-damage. The destructiontests under lateral cyclic load on the models were carried. The effectiveness of seismic-damaged joints strengthened with enclosedRC and the reinforcement effect on different levels of seismic damage were studied. The test results show that seismic- damagedjoints in composite frame consisting of CFSST columns and steel beams strengthened with enclosed RC meets the strongcolumn-weak beam joints requirement of seismic design, and the failure modes are of all joints are the bending failure of steel beam.The reinforcement with enclosed RC has a significant on increasing the ultimate capacity and the seismic behaviors of joints. Thestudy indicated the rehabilitated joints recover the level of their original seismic performances before seismic damage in a certainextent damage level. Based on the test data, namely the ultimate capacity, limit displacement, ductility, the energy consumptioncoefficient, limit displacementthe strengthening method of seismic-damaged joints by strengthened with enclosed RC is an effectivemethod for seismic strengthening.

Effects of interface slip and semi-rigid joint on elastic seismic response of steel-concrete composite frames

The stiffness matrix of semi-rigidly connected composite beams considering interface slip was established and the calculation method for elastic seismic response of composite frame was derived.The corresponding calculation programs were developed.Introducing the dimensionless quantities that were related to the connector shearing stiffness and the joint rotation stiffness,the influences of interface slip and semi-rigid joint on composite frame were transferred to quantitative parameter analysis,taking account of cross sectional properties,materials and linear stiffness of composite beam synthetically.Based on the calculation programs,free vibration frequencies and seismic responses of semi-rigid joint steel-concrete composite frame considering interface slip were calculated.The influences of interface slip and semi rigid joint on dynamic characteristics and seismic response were analyzed and the seismic design advices were presented.The results show that the interface slip decreases the free vibration frequencies and increase the seismic responses of composite frame.The semi-rigid joint reduces the free vibration frequencies and increases seismic responses of composite frame compared with rigid joint.With the increase of joint rotational stiffness,the elastic seismic responses of composite frame increase firstly and then decrease.The effects are related to the ratio of joint rotation stiffness to linear stiffness of composite beam.

Influence of the column-to-beam flexural strength ratio on the failure mode of beam-column connections in RC frames

The column-to-beam flexural strength ratio(CBFSR)has been used in many seismic codes to achieve the strong column-weak beam(SCWB)failure mode in reinforced concrete(RC)frames,in which plastic hinges appear earlier in beams than in columns.However,seismic investigations show that the required limit of CBFSR in seismic codes usually cannot achieve the SCWB failure mode under strong earthquakes.This study investigates the failure modes of RC frames with different CBFSRs.Nine typical three-story RC frame models with different CBFSRs are designed in accordance with Chinese seismic codes.The seismic responses and failure modes of the frames are investigated through time-history analyses using 100 ground motion records.The results show that the required limit of the CBFSR that guarantees the SCWB failure mode depends on the beam-column connection type and the seismic intensity,and different types of beam-column connections exhibit different failure modes even though they are designed with the same CBFSR.Recommended CBFSRs are proposed for achieving the designed SCWB failure mode for different types of connections in RC frames under different seismic intensities.These results may provide some reference for further revisions of the SCWB design criterion in Chinese seismic codes.

Seismic behavior and mechanism analysis of innovative precast shear wall involving vertical joints

To study the seismic performance and load-transferring mechanism of an innovative precast shear wall(IPSW) involving vertical joints, an experimental investigation and theoretical analysis were successively conducted on two test walls. The test results confirm the feasibility of the novel joints as well as the favorable seismic performance of the walls, even though certain optimization measures should be taken to improve the ductility. The load-transferring mechanism subsequently is theoretically investigated based on the experimental study. The theoretical results show the load-transferring route of the novel joints is concise and definite. During the elastic stage, the vertical shear stress in the connecting steel frame(CSF) distributes uniformly; and each high-strength bolt(HSB)primarily delivers vertical shear force. However, the stress in the CSF redistributes when the walls develop into the elastic-plastic stage. At the ultimate state, the vertical shear stress and horizontal normal stress in the CSF distribute linearly; and the HSBs at both ends of the CSF transfer the maximum shear forces.

Experimental Study on Seismic Behavior of Exterior Joints of Special-shaped Columns with Different Lengths of Limbs

Four exterior joints with special-shaped columns which have different lengths of limbs are tested under low cyclic loading. Speeial-shaped columns adopted are L- and T-shaped in section. It can be concluded that crack pattern, failure mode and shear strength of joints are affected by the length of limb, and that shear strength and ductility increase with the length of limb; the joints with the flexural failure of the beam have better seismic behavior than those with the shear failure of the joint core.

Finite Element Analysis (FEA) for the Beam-Column Joint Subjected to Cyclic Loading Was Performed Using ANSYS

This paper analyses the seismic performance of exterior beam-column joints strengthened with unconventional reinforcement detailing. The beam-column joint specimens were tested with reverse cyclic loading applied at the beam end. The samples were divided into two groups based on the joint reinforcement detailing. The first group (Group A) of three non-ductility specimens had joint detailing in accordance with the construction code of practice in India IS456-2000, and the second group (Group B) of three ductility specimens had joint reinforcement detailed as per IS13920-1993, with similar axial load cases as the first group. The experimental studies are proven with the analytical studies carried out by finite element models using ANSYS. The results show that the hysteresis simulation is satisfactory for both un-strengthened and ferrocement strengthened specimens. Furthermore, when ferrocement strengthening is employed, the strengthened beam-column joints exhibit better structural performance than the un-strengthened specimens of about 31.56% and 38.98 for DD-T1 and DD-T2 respectively. The analytical shear strength predictions were in line with the test results reported in the literature, thus adding confidence to the validity of the proposed models.

基于转动摩擦铰阻尼器的干式装配梁-柱节点抗震性能试验

基于转动摩擦铰阻尼器(RFHD),提出了转动摩擦耗能干式装配梁-柱节点(DRFDBJ)。为了验证DRFDBJ结构对于实现预期力学性能的可行性和合理性,以施加在摩擦片表面的螺栓预紧力(P_(c))为变量,开展了2个工况下的DRFDBJ试件低周往复拟静力试验研究。结果表明:DRFDBJ结构的力学性能主要由RFHD提供并控制,试验中节点呈现了稳定的承载力和理想的变形、耗能能力,并实现了预期的损伤集中;2个不同P_(c)水准下节点承载力的试验值与理论值误差不超过5%,通过调整P_(c)可实现节点承载力的调控,为DRFDBJ结构承载力的可调控提供了支撑。

新型分层装配式节点钢框架地震易损性分析

为提高装配式钢框架的装配效率,结合节点抗震性能要求,提出一种新型全螺栓分层装配式节点。对新型和传统两类节点进行抗震性能试验研究,并把节点参数引入整体框架模型中,采用SAP2000建立两类框架模型并进行增量动力分析。考虑基于层间位移角的单参数损伤模型和基于变形与累积耗能的双参数损伤模型,定义结构性能水准限值并划分破坏等级,对结构进行地震易损性分析。结果表明:在单、双参数损伤指标下,新型节点框架的易损性曲线都包络于传统节点钢框架的易损性曲线内,且新型节点框架的抗倒塌储备系数更大,说明采用新型节点能降低结构在各破坏状态下的失效概率,提高框架的抗倒塌能力;在LS1、LS2极限状态下结构基于单参数损伤指标的峰值加速度中位值比基于双参数损伤指标下的峰值加速度中位值小,在LS3、LS4极限状态下则相反,说明累积耗能对结构抗震性能评估影响明显,结合双参数损伤指标能更好地预测结构的损伤程度;新型节点框架在单、双参数损伤模型下的倒塌储备系数均高于传统框架,说明新型框架的抗倒塌储备能力更高,有利于结构抗震。

四川大学博物馆结构设计重难点分析研究

四川大学博物馆采用钢框架结构体系,并设置屈曲约束支撑改善结构的抗震性能。介绍了四川大学博物馆的结构设计参数及抗震性能目标。针对结构设计中的重难点,开展了屈曲约束支撑的工作机理分析、框架柱计算长度与穿层柱分析、东侧大悬挑空间的相关分析。利用反应谱分析及时程分析探究了屈曲约束支撑工作机理,分析结果表明,屈曲约束支撑能够有效改善钢结构产生塑性铰的状况,起到保护主体钢框架的作用。针对东侧大悬挑空间的功能要求,设计采用了屋顶桁架结合钢拉杆吊挂东侧大楼梯的结构形式,通过结构防连续倒塌分析、楼板应力分析、楼盖舒适度分析、关键节点有限元分析等确保该部位结构设计安全合理。对整体结构受力机理和薄弱部位进行了研究,提出了重点部位的设计原则和加强措施。

基于新型耗能板提升钢框架节点抗震和抗连续倒塌能力

针对全焊节点在地震和连续倒塌条件下有限的抗倒塌能力,该文基于新型耗能板对其进行改进提升。首先通过试验、数值模拟和理论分析相结合的方法揭示了新型耗能板在单调荷载和循环荷载作用下的力学性能;进而通过新型耗能板与节点在地震作用和连续倒塌条件下的协同作用,给出了新型耗能板节点的设计方法。结果表明:新型耗能板在单调和循环荷载作用下的力学性能不同,在单调荷载作用下表现为受拉破坏,在循环荷载作用下表现为剪切破坏;通过算例分析表明,新型耗能板节点的抗震与抗连续倒塌设计方法是合理的;新型耗能板全焊节点在地震和连续倒塌条件下主要经历双塑性区域形成阶段和硬化阶段,其中新型耗能板全焊节点的抗震和抗连续倒塌性能的差异主要体现在硬化阶段;新型耗能板的增加可同时有效提高全焊节点在地震和连续倒塌条件下的承载力、变形和耗能能力。

铰接方钢管组合异形柱框架抗震性能研究

为解决村镇住宅体系存在的装配式程度及标准化程度较低、现场焊接工作繁多、室内建筑面积浪费等问题,提出了一种铰接方钢管组合异形柱框架体系。该体系中异形柱采用3根空钢管通过钢板与加劲肋组合而成的L形柱,梁柱节点为腹板螺栓连接的铰接节点。通过拟静力试验对该体系的抗震性能进行研究。研究结果表明:相比于铰接钢管混凝土组合异形柱,铰接空钢管组合异形柱框架体系先于梁端出现转角,最后破坏模式为柱脚破坏,具有更优良的抗震耗能和更缓慢的强度与刚度退化,并通过对比刚接节点和铰接节点的骨架曲线,发现节点刚接程度对结构整体的抗侧刚度影响较大。

榫卯灌浆钢管框架节点抗震性能试验研究

为探索建筑钢结构低能耗循环利用技术,研究方钢管柱-矩钢管梁采用榫卯连接、砂浆灌浆阻滑的钢框架节点的抗震性能。对榫卯灌浆节点及传统全焊接节点进行了低周往复荷载试验,对比分析其破坏形态、荷载-位移滞回曲线、延性系数以及极限承载力,并建立有限元分析模型,与试验结果进行对比。研究表明:榫卯灌浆节点在弹性阶段的承载力与全焊接节点相当,但榫卯灌浆节点的极限承载力高于全焊接节点,塑性发展平台更长;榫卯灌浆节点的破坏方式为砂浆磨损挤碎,钢构件损伤小;摩擦耗能效果好,滞回曲线饱满,且震后砂浆易修复。

非对称加强与狗骨式削弱型钢框架节点抗震性能数值模拟

为有效防止梁柱节点处发生脆性破坏并提高节点抗震性能,提出一种非对称加强与狗骨式削弱型钢框架节点。以边柱节点为例,利用ABAQUS有限元软件对非对称加强与狗骨式削弱型节点、非对称加强型节点、狗骨式削弱型节点和普通型节点共4个节点模型进行抗震性能对比分析,研究了节点的破坏形态、滞回曲线、骨架曲线、延性、耗能能力和刚度退化等方面的区别。研究表明:非对称加强与狗骨式削弱型节点能够有效实现塑性铰外移,防止节点发生脆性破坏,同时不仅能够提高节点的耗能能力和延性,还可以保持较好的承载能力。

高效装配T型框架节点优化及足尺抗震试验研究

为解决装配式混凝土框架节点在预制梁拼装时节点区钢筋易发生碰撞的问题,提出一种将柱箍筋肢距和纵筋间距放大处理的措施,对箍筋肢距正常和放大的装配式足尺框架T型节点进行低周往复加载试验,分析2个节点的破坏模式、滞回性能、强度退化、刚度退化、延性和耗能能力等。采用ABAQUS有限元软件对节点试件建模,分析轴压比对节点抗震性能的影响。结果表明:装配式混凝土框架T型节点试件的破坏模式均为梁端弯曲破坏,核心区混凝土基本完好;与箍筋肢距正常试件相比,箍筋肢距放大试件在低轴压比下的承载力更高、强度和刚度退化延缓、变形性能和耗能能力均有所增强,而在高轴压比下承载力与延性较差。在低轴压比下,满足“强柱弱梁”装配式混凝土框架T型节点可对预制混凝土柱纵筋间距和箍筋肢距进行放大处理来实现节点的顺利拼装。