Shake-table testing of a self-centering precast reinforced concrete frame with shear walls

The seismic performance of a self-centering precast reinforced concrete （RC） frame with shear walls was investigated in this paper. The lateral force resistance was provided by self-centering precast RC shear walls （SPCW）, which utilize a combination ofunbonded prestressed post-tensioned （PT） tendons and mild steel reinforcing bars for flexural resistance across base joints. The structures concentrated deformations at the bottom joints and the unbonded PT tendons provided the self-centering restoring force. A 1/3-scale model of a five-story self-centering RC frame with shear walls was designed and tested on a shake-table under a series of bi-directional earthquake excitations with increasing intensity. The acceleration response, roof displacement, inter-story drifts, residual drifts, shear force ratios, hysteresis curves, and local behaviour of the test specimen were analysed and evaluated. The results demonstrated that seismic performance of the test specimen was satisfactory in the plane of the shear wall; however, the structure sustained inter-story drift levels up to 2.45%. Negligible residual drifts were recorded after all applied earthquake excitations. Based on the shake-table test results, it is feasible to apply and popularize a self-centering precast RC frame with shear walls as a structural system in seismic regions.

Shaking table experimental study of recycled concrete frame-shear wall structures

In this study, four 1/5 scaled shaking table tests were conducted to investigate the seismic performance of recycled concrete frame-shear wall structures with different recycled aggregates replacement rates and concealed bracing detail. The four tested structures included one normal concrete model, one recycled coarse aggregate concrete model, and two recycled coarse and fi ne aggregate concrete models with or without concealed bracings inside the shear walls. The dynamic characteristics, dynamic response and failure mode of each model were compared and analyzed. Finite element models were also developed and nonlinear time-history response analysis was conducted. The test and analysis results show that the seismic performance of the recycled coarse aggregate concrete frame-shear wall structure is slightly worse than the normal concrete structure. The seismic resistance capacity of the recycled concrete frame-shear wall structure can be greatly improved by setting up concealed bracings inside the walls. With appropriate design, the recycled coarse aggregate concrete frame-shear wall structure and recycled concrete structure with concealed bracings inside the walls can be applied in buildings.

In-Plane Shear Performance of Wood-Framed Drywall Sheathing Wall Systems under Cyclic Racking Loading

A pilot study was conducted at Penn State University to determine whether the type of drywall joint compound would influence the shear strength of wood-frame stud walls sheathed with Gypsum Wall Board (GWB or drywall). In this study, five 2438 mm by 2438 mm specimens were tested under in-plane cyclic racking loading following the CUREE loading protocol for light-frame wall systems. Three specimens were finished using non-cement based joint compound while the other two used cement based joint compound. Based on the experimental testing of the specimens, the results show that the use of cement based joint compound on drywall joints produces higher shear capacity for the wall system as compared to similar specimens finished with conventional non-cement based joint compound. The result of the study is particularly important for high seismic regions where interior stud walls in residential construction effectively take part in seismic resistance even though wood shear walls are normally used on exterior walls.

An effective simplified model of composite compression struts for partially-restrained steel frame with reinforced concrete infill walls

To resolve the issue regarding inaccurate prediction of the hysteretic behavior by micro-based numerical analysis for partially-restrained（PR）steel frames with solid reinforced concrete（RC）infill walls,an innovative simplified model of composite compression struts is proposed on the basis of experimental observation on the cracking distribution,load transferring mechanism,and failure modes of RC infill walls filled in PR steel frame.The proposed composite compression struts model for the solid RC infill walls is composed ofαinclined struts and main diagonal struts.Theαinclined struts are used to reflect the part of the lateral force resisted by shear connectors along the frame-wall interface,while the main diagonal struts are introduced to take into account the rest of the lateral force transferred along the diagonal direction due to the complicated interaction between the steel frame and RC infill walls.This study derives appropriate formulas for the effective widths of theαinclined strut and main diagonal strut,respectively.An example of PR steel frame with RC infill walls simulating simulated by the composite inclined compression struts model is illustrated.The maximum lateral strength and the hysteresis curve shape obtained from the proposed composite strut model are in good agreement with those from the test results,and the backbone curve of a PR steel frame with RC infill walls can be predicted precisely when the inter-story drift is within 1%.This simplified model can also predict the structural stiffness and the equivalent viscous damping ratio well when the inter-story drift ratio exceeds 0.5%.

Seismic behavior and mechanism analysis of innovative precast shear wall involving vertical joints

To study the seismic performance and load-transferring mechanism of an innovative precast shear wall(IPSW) involving vertical joints, an experimental investigation and theoretical analysis were successively conducted on two test walls. The test results confirm the feasibility of the novel joints as well as the favorable seismic performance of the walls, even though certain optimization measures should be taken to improve the ductility. The load-transferring mechanism subsequently is theoretically investigated based on the experimental study. The theoretical results show the load-transferring route of the novel joints is concise and definite. During the elastic stage, the vertical shear stress in the connecting steel frame(CSF) distributes uniformly; and each high-strength bolt(HSB)primarily delivers vertical shear force. However, the stress in the CSF redistributes when the walls develop into the elastic-plastic stage. At the ultimate state, the vertical shear stress and horizontal normal stress in the CSF distribute linearly; and the HSBs at both ends of the CSF transfer the maximum shear forces.

Shear-resistant behavior of light composite shear wall

Shear test results for a composite wall panel in a light composite structure system are compared with test results for shear walls in Japan.The analysis results show that this kind of composite wall panel works very well,and can be regarded as a solid panel.The composite wall panel with a hidden frame is essential for bringing its effect on shear resistance into full play.Comprehensive analysis of the shear-resistant behavior of the composite wall panel suggests that the shear of the composite shear wall panel can be controlled by the cracking strength of the web shearing diagonal crack.

Research on Seismic Design of High-Rise Buildings Based on Framed-Shear Structural System

Under the rapidly advancing economic trends,people’s requirements for the functionality and architectural artistry of high-rise structures are constantly increasing,and in order to meet such modern requirements,it is necessary to diversify the functions of high-rise buildings and complicate the building form.At present,the main structural systems of high-rise buildings are:frame structure,shear wall structure,frame shear structure,and tube structure.Different structural systems determine the size of the load-bearing capacity,lateral stiffness,and seismic performance,as well as the amount of material used and the cost.This project is mainly concerned with the seismic design of frame shear structural systems,which are widely used today.

框架承担倾覆力矩的合理计算方法

为理清框架倾覆力矩的相关概念区别,并给出各自合理计算方法,对计算框架、支撑、框架+支撑、局部框架或者局部框架+支撑倾覆力矩的统一解法进行总结,给出相应的力学法。指出框架倾覆力矩和框架承担倾覆力矩之间的显著区别,给出两者的异同以及建筑结构中框架承担倾覆力矩的计算原则,并进一步给出合理计算框架承担倾覆力矩的方法,即修正的统一解法。修正的统一解法适用于一般建筑结构和带竖向构件转换的结构,也适用于带伸臂框架-核心筒结构。最后对典型结构算例的框架承担倾覆力矩进行计算分析,结果合理可行。

钢管混凝土键连接框架梁和剪力墙的受剪性能

目的 研究钢管混凝土键连接框架梁和剪力墙的受剪性能,为工程应用提供设计依据。方法 应用有限元分析软件ABAQUS对比钢管混凝土键连接与现浇连接梁墙的结构受剪性能,分析前者受剪机理及不同因素对受剪性能的影响。结果 钢管混凝土键连接梁墙的结构承载力和延性系数较现浇结构分别提高约10%和34%;钢材强度从Q235到Q390,初始刚度增加8.44%;截面高度从100 mm到120 mm,延性系数提高17.73%;截面厚度每增加2 mm,承载力提高约15%;截面长度和混凝土强度等级对承载力、初始刚度和延性系数的影响均小于15%,纵向距离对其受剪性能几乎无影响。结论 采用钢管混凝土键连接梁墙的结构总体受剪性能优于现浇结构;钢材强度和截面厚度分别是影响初始刚度和承载力的主要因素。

装配式轻钢框架-轻钢骨架轻混凝土墙板结构抗震性能

为研究装配式轻钢框架-轻钢骨架轻混凝土墙板结构抗震性能,对1个足尺轻钢框架结构试件和3个足尺轻钢框架-轻钢骨架轻混凝土墙板结构试件进行了低周反复荷载下的抗震性能试验及理论分析,试件变量包括:2种装配构造,即内嵌式装配墙板、外贴式装配墙板;2种轻钢骨架轻混凝土墙板,即框架式轻钢骨架轻混凝土墙板、桁架式轻钢骨架轻混凝土墙板。研究了各试件的破坏特征和损伤演化过程,分析了结构滞回特性、承载力、变形能力、刚度退化、耗能性能和应变。结果表明:装配式轻钢框架-轻钢骨架轻混凝土墙板结构共同工作性能良好,其水平承载力相比轻钢框架提高了204.7%~210.4%,抗侧刚度提高了257.3%~512.5%,结构变形及耗能能力有显著提高;内嵌墙板的自攻钉连接构造以及外贴墙板的螺栓连接构造传力性能可靠,结构具备2道抗震防线的受力特征;基于简化塑性分析模型以及拉压杆软化桁架模型,对试件承载力进行了计算,计算结果与试验符合较好。

L形内置钢板混凝土组合剪力墙抗剪性能分析

为揭示L形内置钢板混凝土组合剪力墙的工作机理并提出其抗剪承载力计算公式,首先建立了非线性有限元模型,并通过试验结果进行了验证。在此基础上研究了高宽比、轴压比、钢板厚度、混凝土强度、翼缘长度等参数对剪力墙抗剪性能的影响。最后,提出了剪力墙的抗剪承载力计算公式。结果表明:剪力墙在受力过程中,腹板是主要受力构件;随着高宽比的减小,剪力墙的抗剪承载力和初始抗侧刚度增大;随着轴压比的增大,剪力墙的抗剪承载力增大,但当轴压比超过0.5时,抗剪承载力开始降低;将所提出的剪力墙抗剪承载力计算公式与现有的计算公式相比,计算结果误差较小,可以为工程应用提供参考。

十字形钢管束自密实混凝土短肢剪力墙轴压性能研究

为研究十字形钢管束自密实混凝土短肢剪力墙的轴压受力性能,通过模型试验研究和ABAQUS数值模拟相结合的方法,对不同腔体数十字形钢管束自密实混凝土短肢剪力墙的轴压性能进行分析。首先,根据轴压试验结果对剪力墙的破坏形态和轴向荷载-应变曲线等轴压受力性能进行分析,提出轴压承载力计算公式。其次,建立剪力墙轴压有限元计算模型,将试验结果和模型计算结果进行对比以验证有限元模型的准确性。最后,根据有限元参数化分析结果验证并修正剪力墙轴压承载力计算公式。研究发现,剪力墙的轴向荷载-应变曲线在不同腔体数下具有相似的特征,表明其变形能力良好。在破坏过程中,钢管束对核心混凝土的约束作用显著,提高了试件的延性和承载能力,其中钢管束的破坏主要表现为多波鼓曲和焊缝开裂,尤其是在钢管束中部的1/4区域。此外,随着腔体数增加,剪力墙极限承载力提升,但其延性系数有所下降。本研究提出的简化公式与有限元分析结果的误差控制在10%以内,该公式可为工程设计应用提供理论借鉴。

自攻螺钉与拉铆钉混合连接受剪承载性能试验

为改善自攻螺钉连接的构件在地震作用下易发生拉脱导致结构严重破坏的缺点,提升冷弯薄壁型钢组合墙体抗破坏能力,分析了组合墙体层间连接处的传力机理,针对自攻螺钉的破坏模式,提出拉铆钉与自攻螺钉混合连接。为研究混合连接的抗剪性能,共进行了48组连接接头抗剪性能试验,包含冷弯薄壁型钢结构常用的5种连接板厚度,不同搭接板厚比(变化范围1.0~2.0),包含纯自攻螺钉连接、纯拉铆钉连接及混合连接的连接方式。观察混合连接的破坏模式,自攻螺钉未发现拉脱破坏,其破坏模式主要表现为:板承压破坏与螺钉倾斜组合破坏、铆钉剪断破坏及板承压与铆钉部分剪断组合破坏3种;相较单一连接方式,混合连接荷载–位移曲线表现出更长的塑性阶段;当板厚比大于1.5且组合板厚小于3.0mm,混合连接的承载力及延性较单一连接增长明显;利用现有计算方法对混合连接的承载力进行累加计算,与试验结果对比,计算结果偏保守。研究发现:混合连接能较好地弥补拉铆钉和自攻螺钉受剪过程中的缺陷,有效改善自攻螺钉拉脱破坏,从而提升连接的承载力及延性;板厚和板厚比是影响混合连接破坏模式及承载力的重要因素,与单一连接相比,板厚比越大,承载力提升越大;排布方式对混合连接的力学性能及破坏机理影响有限;在本文试验工况下,结合混合连接的破坏模式,在现有计算方法的基础上,提出改善后的计算方法,其计算结果更合理。

新增部分剪力墙的框架结构抗震性能研究

在框架结构中新增部分剪力墙,能够明显提升结构的抗震性能,框架与新增部分剪力墙之间新老混凝土界面受力行为是结构分析的关键问题。运用ABAQUS有限元软件,基于新老混凝土界面模拟方法,建立了4个高宽比为1.5的框架-剪力墙模型,通过低周往复加载,研究了新老混凝土界面参数、新增剪力墙的混凝土强度、墙与框架的连接方式对承载力的影响。分析了新增部分剪力墙的框架结构和整浇框架-剪力墙结构在破坏形态、承载力和延性等抗震性能方面的差异。研究结果表明:新增部分剪力墙的框架结构的屈服荷载和峰值荷载都小于整浇框架-剪力墙结构,新增墙体端部设暗柱,不与框架柱连接的方式和分布筋全部插入框架的方式在承载力上相差不大。最后,给出了新增部分剪力墙的框架结构的水平承载力计算公式。

三水河特大桥桥墩温度场及温度效应研究

为研究温度效应对连续刚构桥空心薄壁墩受力行为的影响,以(98+5×185+98)m变截面预应力混凝土连续刚构桥——三水河特大桥主桥为背景,通过现场温度场测试,研究桥墩垂直温度场和水平温度场的分布规律,并以实测温度场为依据,选取对桥墩刚度影响较大的桥墩高度、顺桥向宽度和壁厚作为关键参数,分析整体均匀温度T和梯度温度ΔT对空心薄壁墩受力的影响。结果表明:实测桥墩垂直温度场随着墩高的变化分布差异较小,水平温度场受日光照射影响较大,桥墩夏季的梯度温度值约为冬季的2倍。墩高对桥墩温度应力的影响基本呈反比关系,顺桥向宽度对墩底温度应力的影响呈线性增长趋势,壁厚与温度应力呈反比关系。对于长联刚构桥,为减小桥墩的温度效应,建议边主墩高度不宜小于60 m,桥墩顺桥向宽度宜尽量减小,桥墩壁厚宜取80~100 cm。

低周反复荷载下T型双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙受力性能试验研究

为研究低周反复荷载下T型双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙的受力性能,对5个T型双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙进行了低周反复加载试验。基于试验数据,分析了T型组合剪力墙的破坏模式、滞回曲线、变形能力及耗能能力,重点研究了边缘约束条件、波纹类型以及轴压比不同变化参数对T型组合剪力墙抗震性能指标的影响规律。研究结果表明:T型双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙破坏模式主要有压屈破坏和压弯破坏两种;设置边缘约束构件是提高T型双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙承载能力和变形能力的关键因素;纵向窄波纹钢板对内部混凝土的约束能力更强,在低周反复荷载下两者协同工作性更优,而横向窄波纹钢板试件强度退化最严重;采用全截面塑性设计方法进行T型双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙正截面承载力计算,试验值与计算值吻合良好;T型双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙具有较好的承载能力和变形能力,可适用于高层及超高层建筑结构中。

钢筋-砂浆面层交叉条带加固带填充墙框架抗震性能试验研究

为研究钢筋-砂浆面层交叉条带加固带填充墙框架结构的抗震性能并建立受剪承载力计算公式,设计制作了8榀低矮填充墙框架结构、3榀高窄填充墙框架结构、1榀未设钢筋-砂浆面层交叉条带加固的对照试件,进行了抗震性能试验。结果表明:钢筋-砂浆面层交叉条带加固带填充墙框架的受剪承载力受混凝土强度、框架柱截面尺寸以及交叉条带配筋量影响较大,加固后受剪承载力最高可提升40%;加固后试件的耗能能力和延性均有一定程度的提升;在填充墙上增设的钢筋-砂浆面层交叉条带可视为协助框架结构受力的拉压杆体系。对试验数据进行拟合得到加固后试件受剪承载力计算公式,结果表明:框架、填充墙和交叉条带之间有承载力协同效果,填充墙框架结构的公式计算值和试验值吻合较好。

装配式带夹芯保温槽型玻璃钢-钢板-槽钢-混凝土组合剪力墙轴压性能研究

提出一种装配式带夹芯保温槽型玻璃钢-钢板-槽钢-混凝土组合剪力墙,设计3个具有不同配筋形式和混凝土种类的墙板试件进行轴心受压试验,获得墙板在轴压作用下的破坏模式、荷载-位移曲线、荷载-应变曲线、承载力储备系数、延性系数、材料利用率等性能指标。通过ABAQUS有限元分析软件对墙板进行参数化分析,研究内嵌钢板强度和厚度对其轴压性能的影响。结果表明,墙板具有良好的承载力储备能力和延性性能;混凝土中掺入1%体积比的钢纤维可显著提高墙板内混凝土的抗拉性能,使混凝土强度得到更加充分的利用,布置钢筋可以显著提高墙板延性;墙板的承载力和延性随内嵌钢板厚度和强度的增加而增大,强度为Q355、厚度为4、6mm时,墙板材料利用率更高。提出适用于该类墙板的轴压承载力设计公式,考虑钢板屈曲和截面组合效应的墙板轴心受压承载力设计公式计算结果较精确。

厚板转换全框支剪力墙结构振动台试验抽层简化模型设计与分析

为研究厚板转换全框支剪力墙结构的整体抗震性能,并检验该结构转换厚板的有效性,在重庆大学土木工程学院振动台实验室开展了缩尺模型结构的模拟地震振动台试验,试验对象为某36层车辆段上盖建筑。本文阐述了厚板转换全框支剪力墙结构振动台试验中模型的设计过程;介绍了测点布置与加载方案;对比分析了不同抽层简化方案对结构的影响。研究结果表明,对于厚板转换全框支剪力墙结构,抽层后依据刚度与强度等效原则调整构件截面能有效降低简化模型与原型的误差;抽层起始位置应被保证距离试验重点研究楼层不低于3层;连续抽层层数为1层时误差最小,建议选择连续抽层层数为1层。

钢板混凝土剪力墙拉弯剪性能试验研究

超高层建筑“细柔”特征容易引起底部剪力墙在强震下处于拉-弯-剪复合受力状态,中国《超限高层建筑工程抗震设防专项审查技术要点》(建质[2015]67号)建议墙肢采用配置型钢/钢板的方式来改善该种抗震性能,但缺乏相关试验研究。为此,进行了6片钢板混凝土剪力墙的低周往复荷载试验,研究了轴拉比、含钢率及剪跨比对墙肢拉弯剪性能的影响。研究表明:拉弯剪作用引起钢板混凝土剪力墙密集的裂缝分布和显著的钢材强化,并导致其剪切-拉弯耦合破坏。轴拉比增大,墙肢承载力、初始抗侧刚度和延性分别降低22%、41%和39%;剪跨比减小,墙肢承载力和抗侧刚度至少提升23%;同时增大含钢率和降低剪跨比,墙肢延性提高10%。相比其他国家规范,中国规范对拉弯剪作用下钢板混凝土剪力墙的抗剪承载力预测效果更好,但其未能考虑高含钢率对裂面销栓力的影响,故建议采用暗柱的初始含钢率进行修正。