A Study on High School Mathematics Teaching Design Based on Teaching for Robust Understanding: Taking the Cosine Theorem as an Example

Teachers’teaching behavior plays a crucial role in students’development,and there are problems in the current teaching behavior of mathematics teachers such as ignoring students’cognitive needs,lack of equal opportunities for students’classroom performance as well as lack of formative evaluation of students.In order to solve the phenomenon,this paper analyzes and explains how to promote teaching based on the Teaching for Robust Understanding(TRU)evaluation framework with the goal of focusing on the development of all students,taking the teaching design of The Cosine Theorem as an example,and provides ideas and methods for first-line high school mathematics teachers.

Two Generic Frameworks of Multiple Viewpoints Oriented Requirements Method and Their Comparison

Traditional requirements method has some problems when it is used for large distributed systems. Multiple viewpoints oriented requirements method (MVORM) is a new method for resolving these problems. This paper develops two generic formal frameworks of MVORM, framework based on refinement relation (FBRR) and framework based on implementation relation (FBIR). They are generic, because no assumptions are made about the development process or the formal description languages to be used. Three kinds of specification relations and three kinds of specification transformations are discussed over FBIR and FBRR. This paper also compares the equivalence between FBIR and FBRR. We point out that an equivalent FBIR can be found for any FBRR, but reverse transformation is not always possible. We think FBIR is better than FBRR on most cases.

Process-Oriented Requirements Engineering: User-Centric LORS Framework

In recent years, the process orientation requirements engineering field has received significant interest. However, dealing with ordinary users within an enterprise for developing as-is business process is very complex because this requires skills, responsibility, knowledge, and expertise of business processes. This research answers the following questions: 1) how to systematically gather information regarding as-is business process requirements in an informal environment and by non-expert users? and 2) how can an enterprise refine the identified business process with a semantic process model? The primary purpose of this research is to develop a supporting framework that is suitable for the definition of an as-is business process to be deployed within the enterprise environment. Hence, the focus is on gathering requirements to define the as-is business process. This framework concentrates on three significant aspects of this process: development, refinement, and serialization the semantics of the process model. To accomplish this objective, the LORS framework has been proposed, which consists of four phases (List, Order, Refinement, and Serialization). The framework presents a new unique technique to identify the business process, refine the process, and generate the model semantics. This study assumes that a simple and complete framework will help non-expert users define a high-quality as-is process, such that enhance and facilitate the matching process with existing reference models. We present a case study, evaluate the case study relative to specified criteria, and research the limitations and implications discovered from our research. This research concludes that the LORS framework is simple, flexible, visible, interactive, dynamic, and effective.

以执业能力为导向的导师制在骨科实习生培养中的效果评价

目的探索以执业能力为导向的导师负责制在骨科实习生培养中的应用效果。方法选取2021年9月—2023年6月2021和2022学年“5+3”一体化的60名本科实习生作为研究对象,将2021学年的实习生作为对照组,2022学年的实习生作为研究组,每组30名。对照组采用标准教学模式培养,研究组采用以执业能力为导向的导师负责制模式培养,培养时间为1个月。比较2组实习生的理论和临床考核成绩、迷你临床演练评估量表(mini-clinical evaluation exercise,Mini-CEX)评分、主观-客观-评价-计划(subject-objective-assessmentplan,SOAP)评分、医患沟通技能评价量表(set elicit give understand end framework,SEGUE)评分。结果2组实习生的客观题和临床技能考核成绩比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);研究组实习生的病例分析题成绩、Mini-CEX评分、SOAP评分和SEGUE评分([41.3±3.5)分、(47.9±7.0)分、(74.4±7.7)分、(20.5±3.2)分]高于对照组[(36.8±6.1)分、(36.0±7.0)分、(62.0±7.1)分、(18.1±3.0)分],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论以执业能力为导向的导师负责制能够明显提高骨科实习生的临床诊疗水平,有助于培养出更优秀的医学人才。

基于框架的Web服务软件自动化测试技术

为弥补传统手动Web服务软件测试周期长、效率低等缺点,设计一种基于框架的Web服务软件自动化测试技术。介绍测评体系结构,设计Web服务自动化测试框架;基于该框架进行综合安全监管系统软件的自动化测试技术应用研究,在软件需求分析的基础上进行测试数据设计,并自动生成测试用例;利用自动化测试框架实现数据驱动脚本自动测试,列出测试用例执行结果并分析软件问题。结果表明,该技术能缩短软件测试周期、提高测试效率和测试覆盖率。

Visuals to Text:A Comprehensive Review on Automatic Image Captioning

Image captioning refers to automatic generation of descriptive texts according to the visual content of images.It is a technique integrating multiple disciplines including the computer vision(CV),natural language processing(NLP)and artificial intelligence.In recent years,substantial research efforts have been devoted to generate image caption with impressive progress.To summarize the recent advances in image captioning,we present a comprehensive review on image captioning,covering both traditional methods and recent deep learning-based techniques.Specifically,we first briefly review the early traditional works based on the retrieval and template.Then deep learning-based image captioning researches are focused,which is categorized into the encoder-decoder framework,attention mechanism and training strategies on the basis of model structures and training manners for a detailed introduction.After that,we summarize the publicly available datasets,evaluation metrics and those proposed for specific requirements,and then compare the state of the art methods on the MS COCO dataset.Finally,we provide some discussions on open challenges and future research directions.

RePizer：a framework for prioritization of software requirements

The standard software development life cycle heavily depends on requirements elicited from stakeholders. Based on those requirements, software development is planned and managed from its inception phase to closure. Due to time and resource constraints, it is imperative to identify the high-priority requirements that need to be considered first during the software development process. Moreover, existing prioritization frameworks lack a store of historical data useful for selecting the most suitable prioritization technique of any similar project domain. In this paper, we propose a framework for prioritization of software requirements, called Re Pizer, to be used in conjunction with a selected prioritization technique to rank software requirements based on defined criteria such as implementation cost. ReP izer assists requirements engineers in a decision-making process by retrieving historical data from a requirements repository. Re Pizer also provides a panoramic view of the entire project to ensure the judicious use of software development resources. We compared the performance of Re Pizer in terms of expected accuracy and ease of use while separately adopting two different prioritization techniques, planning game（PG） and analytical hierarchy process（AHP）. The results showed that Re Pizer performed better when used in conjunction with the PG technique.

Intelligent Agent Based Mapping of Software Requirement Specification to Design Model

Automatically mapping a requirement specification to design model in Software Engineering is an open complex problem. Existing methods use a complex manual process that use the knowledge from the requirement specification/modeling and the design, and try to find a good match between them. The key task done by designers is to convert a natural language based requirement specification (or corresponding UML based representation) into a predominantly computer language based design model—thus the process is very complex as there is a very large gap between our natural language and computer language. Moreover, this is not just a simple language conversion, but rather a complex knowledge conversion that can lead to meaningful design implementation. In this paper, we describe an automated method to map Requirement Model to Design Model and thus automate/partially automate the Structured Design (SD) process. We believe, this is the first logical step in mapping a more complex requirement specification to design model. We call it IRTDM (Intelligent Agent based requirement model to design model mapping). The main theme of IRTDM is to use some AI (Artificial Intelligence) based algorithms, semantic representation using Ontology or Predicate Logic, design structures using some well known design framework and Machine Learning algorithms for learning over time. Semantics help convert natural language based requirement specification (and associated UML representation) into high level design model followed by mapping to design structures. AI method can also be used to convert high level design structures into lower level design which then can be refined further by some manual and/or semi automated process. We emphasize that automation is one of the key ways to minimize the software cost, and is very important for all, especially, for the “Design for the Bottom 90% People” or BOP (Base of the Pyramid People).

装备在役考核需求分析框架研究

针对具体某一装备为什么要开展在役考核、应重点考核哪些内容等问题,对装备在役考核需求分析框架进行了研究。将装备在役考核需求分析框架设定划为顶层作战需求分析、装备战/建需求分析、知识信息需求分析、试验考核需求分析4个步骤,分别对4个步骤的子框架进行了具体阐述,并以某无人机为对象进行了示例,验证了所提框架的可行性。

政府开放数据价值治理的理解框架重构:一种价值形态演化视角

大数据时代,政府开放数据被认为蕴藏着巨大的潜在价值,而要全面有效地开发利用其潜在价值,构建政府开放数据价值治理体系是一个必要条件。不过,到底要构建一个什么样的,以及怎样构建政府开放数据价值治理体系,在国内理论界和实务界仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。在对政府开放数据价值是什么、价值生成机制及其实现过程如何、价值生态系统怎样以及价值形态有哪些等基础性问题进行省思的基础上,通过诠释价值形态演化视角,尝试构建一种包含资源形态、资产形态、知识形态和智慧形态演化阶段/层次的政府开放数据价值治理理解框架。在这种理解框架中,政府开放数据的潜在价值通过从资源、资产到知识再到智慧的演化以及社会化建构将得到充分挖掘和实现,并最终与智慧社会建设深度融合在一起。通过基于价值形态演化的政府开放数据价值治理理解框架可以发现,政府开放数据价值治理体系是一个十分复杂的耦合系统。推动构建政府开放数据价值治理体系,需要坚持前瞻性、整体性、发展性思维,完善政府开放数据资源管理体系、健全政府开放数据制度规范体系、改进政府开放数据价值转化体系、优化政府开放数据价值生态体系、构建政府开放数据人文价值体系。只有这样,才能全面有效地开发利用政府开放数据潜在价值。

对外文化教材编写中可资借鉴的中西方理论资源

对外文化教材的使命不仅是让外国学习者学习和了解中国文化,同时需要降解外国学习者感受到的中国文化与其母语国文化的文化冲突,因而编写对外文化教材既需要对中西思维方式与话语体系的差异熟稔于心,也需要借鉴西方跨文化传播学的相关理论和中国传统文化资源。“情景构架”理论与“情景教学法”、“高语境”与“低语境”理论、“面子协商”理论、“慎独知本”观念、“期望违背”理论、“重叠共识”观念与“母题叙述”策略都是对外文化教材编写中可资借鉴的重要资源,能助力我们打开以对外文化教材为载体的中国文化跨文化传播的关键罅隙,通过文化传播调和文化间的冲突与摩擦。

基于运行场景的结构化民机系统功能需求捕获方法

基于场景的需求捕获方法存在需求偏差和缺失、可追溯性和一致性不足等问题。本文基于模型的系统工程(MBSE,model-based system engineering)在体系结构框架下建立可视化视点模型,形成“运行场景—功能需求”过程的映射关系,提出基于运行场景的结构化民机系统功能需求捕获方法。以平视显示器(HUD,head-up display)系统为例,构建多维度、多层次场景和多视图体系结构模型,实现系统功能需求开发的“正向设计”,验证了该方法的可操作性和有效性。该方法对提升民机系统需求分析能力及系统开发思路具有重要参考意义。

联合战役兵棋AI体系框架设计及关键技术分析

深度强化学习在游戏智能决策领域取得了令人瞩目的突破。多智能体深度强化学习、分层深度强化学习等领域的研究工作正将深度强化学习研究引向深入。由于联合战役兵棋博弈复杂的问题构成难以仅依靠深度强化学习方法解决,因而需要将人的知识经验有机融入强化学习过程中。对深度强化学习算法进行综合分析,并系统总结梳理联合战役兵棋AI的军事运用需求,在此基础上设计联合战役兵棋AI的体系框架并就框架中的相关技术进行探讨。

基于SpringBoot的需求发布平台设计

文章介绍了一种用户需求发布平台的解决方案。该平台基于Java语言与SpringBoot技术实现,具有界面美观、功能简单、开发便捷的优势。用户登录平台发布需求,利用互联网信息传递即时性的特点,使用户需求更快地被感知和满足。

基于工业云平台的个性化定制技术要求标准解读

传统个性化定制模式存在成本高、周期长、质量差及规模生产难的问题,同时在基于工业云平台的个性化定制领域在实施个性化定制过程中缺少统一技术规范,研制《基于工业云平台的个性化定制技术要求》国家标准,并对标准要点进行解读。介绍了基于工业云平台的个性化定制技术框架,详细阐述了个性化定制门户网站、行业定制模块、工业软件和工业云平台的功能要求,并对该标准的推广应用做了分析,助力工业云平台高质量发展。

新概念装备军事需求分析方法与应用

新概念装备由于缺乏成熟装备作为参考,目标图像不明确,需要通过军事需求牵引装备设计和研制。为此,提出了适用于新概念装备的军事需求分析框架。以无人跨介质新概念飞行器军事需求开发为例,对框架进行应用验证。案例结合无人跨介质飞行器作战运用特点,基于所述框架开展了军事需求论证工作,通过逐层分解和迭代分析,得到了该飞行器能力需求、装备性能需求等,表明了所提军事需求分析框架的有效性。

美丽海湾的概念、科学理解、行动框架和发展建议

海湾是保护与利用矛盾最突出的区域,是生态环境保护研究关注的焦点区域。“十四五”期间,生态环境管理部门将以海湾为抓手,稳步推进美丽海湾建设。但是目前美丽海湾的相关概念和理论尚不完善,鉴于此,文章在回顾国内外海洋生态环境治理发展历程的基础上,梳理了国内外在海湾生态环境治理方面的主要经验教训,在此基础上完善了美丽海湾的概念以及对概念的科学理解,提出了美丽海湾的行动框架,并对我国建设美丽海湾提出了做好顶层设计,完善法规制度;制定清晰的目标,并层层分解落实;做好陆海统筹,注重以海定陆;注重科技支撑,科技参与决策;发动公众积极参与美丽海湾建设等建议,以期为美丽海湾建设提供技术支撑。

An Overview of Interactive Immersive Services

Immersive services are the typical emerging services in current IMT-2020 network.With the development of network evolution,real-time interactive applications emerge one after another.This article provides an overview on immersive services which focus on real-time interaction.The scenarios,framework,requirements,key technologies,and issues of interactive immersive service are presented.

煤矿智能化信息管控平台建设分析

智能化信息管控平台建设对于煤矿井下各种灾害的防治具有十分重要的意义。结合智能化信息管控平台建设的内容,重点分析了其建设方案,包括总体技术要求、技术框架和业务框架。在智能化信息管控平台建成后,有利于实现减员增效和增强对各种灾害的抵抗能力。希望此次理论研究可以为实际中煤矿智能化信息管控平台的建设提供一定的参考。

NASA安全性体系框架研究

美国航空航天局(NASA)发布了新版的安全性工作通用要求和技术手册,建立了新的安全性体系框架,进一步明确了订购方和承制方的安全性工作职责,细化了安全性目标和要求论证的指导原则和方法,对安全性分析方法进行了整合,明确了安全性工作对要求论证、项目管理、产品设计等研制工作的支持关系,并对安全性验证方法进行了重大调整,要求承制方采用系统化、结构化的安全性验证方法对各类安全性要求实现情况进行综合验证,同时还重新规划了型号寿命周期内各阶段的安全性工作程序。新安全性体系框架的建立和实施,为保证NASA航天产品的安全性发挥了重要作用,值得国内航天行业参考和借鉴,据此对航天行业安全性技术体系进行完善。