Higher Plasma Potassium Level Reduces 10-Year Cardiovascular Disease Risk Predicted by the Framingham Risk Score among Taxi-Motorbike Drivers Residing and Working in Cotonou, Benin

Hypertension, obesity, smoking, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are the major risk factors for developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Recent studies revealed that taxi-motorbike drivers (TMDs) in Cotonou had higher rates of CVD risk factors, but their impacts on cardiovascular events have rarely been studied. The Framingham risk score (FRS) is an algorithm that considers CVD risk factors and estimates the risk of developing CVD in the next 10 years. Our objectives were to assess the 10-year CVD risk predicted by the FRS, and to examine the relationships of 10-year CVD risk with plasma iron and potassium levels among TMDs. We included 134 TMDs (22 - 59 years old) who had no prior diagnosis of CVD or T2D, and not taking medications affecting iron and potassium homeostasis. Conventional cardiovascular risk factors were used to calculate the 10-year CVD risk, which was categorized as low (20%). FRS > 2%, which corresponded to the 75th percentile of FRS distribution in our study population, was used as a cut-off value to classify participants into two groups. Plasma iron and potassium levels were segregated into tertiles and their associations with 10-year CVD risk were quantified by multivariate-adjusted logistic regression to calculate the odd ratios (ORs) to being above the 75th percentile of 10-year CVD risk with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We found that 62.0% of participants had at least one of cardiovascular risk factors. Approximately 97.8% of TMDs had 10-year CVD risk 4.8 mmol/L led to an 83% risk reduction of having 10-year CVD risk > 2% (OR = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.04 - 0.82, P = 0.027). In conclusion, our findings showed that high plasma potassium levels associate with reduced 10-year CVD risk among TMDs. Interventions focused on monitoring of plasma potassium, particularly in those with existing cardiovascular risk factors, may help prevent CVD.

Serum microRNA-204 levels are associated with long-term cardiovascular disease risk based on the Framingham risk score in patients with type 2 diabetes: results from an observational study

Background Previous studies have demonstrated that micro RNA-204(mi R-204) is involved in atherosclerosis and vascular calcification. However, the value of mi R-204 as the predictive biomarker for cardiovascular disease(CVD) remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the association between the circulating mi R-204 level and ten-year CVD risk based on the Framingham risk score(FRS). Methods In this retrospective study, we enrolled 194 consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) without CVD in Beijing Anzhen Hospital between January 2015 and September 2016. We used the FRS to evaluate the risk of CVD for each patient. Circulating mi R-204 levels were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results Circulating mi R-204 levels were significantly lower in the group of patients(0.49 ± 0.13) at high risk of CVD(FRS > 20%) than in the low(FRS < 10%) and intermediate(FRS: 10%–20%) risk groups(0.87 ± 0.19 and 0.75 ± 0.25, respectively;P < 0.001). FRS was negatively correlated with mi R-204 levels(r =-0.421, P < 0.001). According to multivariate logistic analyses, reduced mi R-204 level was independently associated with an increased risk of CVD after adjusting for conventional risk factors(OR = 0.876, 95% CI: 0.807–0.950, P = 0.001). Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the circulating mi R-204 level can predict the high risk of CVD with higher specificity than the traditional risk factor of high systolic blood pressure or the protective factor of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that patients with lower circulating mi R-204 levels were at high risk for CVD. After adjustment for potential confounders, mi R-204 was independently associated with CVD in patients with T2DM.

Hypertension Associated with Atherosclerosis Risk Factors in Patients of Family Health Strategy Highlighting the Framingham Risk Score

The Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH) stands out among the chronic non-transmissible pathologies that impact the cause and/or aggravation of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) on a global level, as the disease is an underestimated disorder due to non-perceptive symptoms and associated with factors and risk markers of another CVD. Therefore, establishing the risk of progression and aggravation of the SAH, according the Framingham Risk Score (FRS), allows to reducing morbidity and improving preventative measures for DCVs. This observational and transversal study approaches the data collection of patient records at the Health Family Strategy of Senhor do Bonfim, BA, which established differences by descriptive and inferential statistical analysis (correlation and regression). The aspects of hypertension associated with risk factors for atherosclerosis were analyzed, determining the risk of developing cardiovascular events in 10 years by FRS. From 432 families, 746 patients were selected, of which 340 are hypertensive individuals (SAH = 45.57%) and 406 (NSAH = 54.42%) non-hypertensives. Among the SAH the majority (31.17%) was in the age range of 63 - 77, but, in both groups, women were in stronger number. There was greater prevalence in SAH for all the characteristics analyzed, smoking (13.20%), sedentary (29.41%) and cardiovascular accident (22.60%). The SAH group is more susceptive to the CVD progress in 10 years by FRS (P < 0.0001 ANOVA). In the NSAH group, there were significant associations among all the variables analyzed as was expected, without differences between the linear correlation and regression, indicating the physio-metabolic equilibrium of the factors and markers evaluated by FRS. Already in SAH group, despite the correlations have been significant too, the regression analysis revealed that only Total Cholesterol (P = 0.0086);LDL (P < 0.0001), Glucose (P < 0.0006) and Age (P < 0.0001) have significative association with FRS. So, these factors and markers deserve more attention upon the health staff of Health Family Strategy, in the SAH course at studied population, attempt the highest cardiovascular risk by FRS (2.5 to 2.8 times) to SAH. The monitoring of high-risk patients should prioritize the lifestyle changes, employing preventive measures to SAH and CVD and atherosclerosis.

Relationship between Framingham risk score and subclinical atherosclerosis in carotid plaques： an in vivo study using multi-contrast MRI

The assessment and management of early-stage atherosclerosis are important for the prevention of cardiovascular disease(CVD).In this study,we used multi-contrast magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) to investigate the carotid plaque feature in asymptomatic,at-risk subjects;we also evaluated the correlation between MRI findings and Framingham risk score(FRS).One hundred sixty-six asymptomatic individuals with risk factors for CVD underwent multi-contrast MRI.After the arterial morphology and plaque components were outlined,the differences in carotid plaque burden among the various risk categories were analyzed.The FRS analysis showed that high-risk individuals had thicker vessel wall and higher plaque lipid content than did low risk participants.A substantial proportion of advanced carotid plaques occurred in low and intermediate-risk groups.Multi-contrast MRI may provide incremental value to the FRS in managing asymptomatic at-risk population.

中医禁食疗法对代谢综合征血浆致动脉粥样硬化指数、Framingham风险评分的影响

目的观察中医禁食疗法对代谢综合征(metabolic syndrome,MS)患者血浆致动脉粥样硬化指数(atherogenic index of plasma,AIP)、Framingham风险评分(Framingham risk score,FRS)的干预作用。方法选取2021年8月至2022年5月就诊于温州市中医院的MS患者90例,根据随机数字表法将其分为禁食组和对照组,每组各45例,同期选取90例健康体检者纳入正常组。对照组患者予正常饮食及运动处方干预,禁食组患者予中医禁食疗法干预,两组患者均干预10d。比较正常组体检时与禁食组、对照组干预前后体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、血压、血脂、血糖指标、AIP和FRS,分析禁食组、对照组干预疗效,应用Pearson相关性分析探讨MS患者AIP、FRS与临床指标的关系。结果干预前后,禁食组、对照组患者的BMI、收缩压、舒张压、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,LDL-C)、三酰甘油(triglyceride,TG)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、空腹血糖(fasting plasma glucose,FPG)、AIP、FRS均显著高于正常组,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein-cholesterol,HDL-C)水平显著低于正常组(P<0.05);干预后,禁食组患者的BMI、收缩压、舒张压、LDL-C、TG、TC、FPG、AIP、FRS均显著低于本组干预前和对照组(P<0.05),HDL-C水平显著高于本组干预前和对照组(P<0.05)。禁食组患者干预后的总有效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。MS患者的AIP与BMI、TG水平呈正相关,与HDL-C水平呈负相关(P<0.05),FRS与BMI、收缩压、舒张压、LDL-C、TC水平呈正相关,与HDL-C水平呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论MS患者的AIP、FRS显著增高,且与BMI、血脂等指标有关,应用中医禁食疗法可显著降低AIP、FRS,改善临床指标及疗效,有利于降低心血管疾病风险。

采用Framingham风险评分评估郑州市中老年人群心血管病发病风险及其危险因素分析

目的:探讨郑州市中老年人群心血管病(CVD)的发生风险。方法:2014年8月至2015年12月,从河南省郑州市6个社区筛选年龄40~74岁的常驻居民1993人。采用Framingham10年冠心病风险评分标准评估CVD的发生风险,采用logistic回归分析CVD的危险因素。结果:研究人群未来10 a CVD高发生风险的比例为40.6%,且男性高于女性(47.1%vs 37.6%,P<0.001)。Logistic回归分析显示,男性(B=0.524,OR=1.690,95%CI为1.377~2.073)、腹型肥胖(B=0.709,OR=2.031,95%CI为1.632~2.529)、TG(B=0.097,OR=1.102,95%CI为1.023~1.187)、尿白蛋白异常(B=0.670,OR=1.955,95%CI为1.486~2.572)均是CVD高发生风险的危险因素。结论:郑州市中老年人群未来10 a CVD的发生风险很高;加强对中老年人群尤其是男性,合并腹型肥胖、高血脂、高血压、糖尿病以及糖尿病高危人群的CVD一级预防和管理,可能有效降低CVD的发生风险。

脉搏波传导速度与心血管危险因素及Framingham积分的相关性

目的研究臂踝脉搏波传导速度（baPWV）和心血管危险因素、Framingham积分之间的关系。评估baPWV对心血管事件的预测价值。方法将144例研究对象分为冠心病组（48例）与非冠心病组（96例），非冠心病组根据是否存在心血管危险因素分为正常对照组（46例）、危险因素组（50例）。应用动脉硬化检测仪检测baPWV。结果三组之间baPWV差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01o校正年龄后，三组baPWV差异仍具有统计学意义（P〈0．05obaPWV与多重传统危险因素正相关。其中，年龄、收缩压为baPWV的独立预测因子，二者影响相当。baPWV与Framingham积分正相关（P〈0．01）。应用受试者工作特征曲线分别评价baPwV对冠心病诊断、冠心病高危人群筛查的预测价值，曲线下面积分别为0．768和0．944。结论baPWV与心血管危险因素具有良好的相关性，对冠心病的诊断具有中等预测价值，对冠心病高危人群筛查具有较高预测价值。

银屑病患者心血管疾病风险预测

目的 调查银屑病患者的心血管疾病(cardiovascular disease, CVD)的风险因素并预测未来CVD的发生风险。方法纳入1067例银屑病患者(银屑病组)和1110例非银屑病体检者(对照组),分析其临床资料和风险因素。结果 与对照组比较,银屑病组与CVD病史、体重指数、高血压、糖尿病和血脂异常的相关性更强(P<0.01)。CVD在有长期银屑病病史的患者中更为常见,严重银屑病合并糖尿病的发生率更高(P<0.01)。银屑病组预测分析中,“中等风险”和“非常高风险”银屑病患者的比例较高,“老年组”的心脏年龄显著高于其实际年龄(P<0.01)。银屑病患者患CVD的风险更高,且有长期病史或严重疾病的银屑病具有更高的CVD风险。结论 银屑病患者未来CVD的发生风险和预防处理CVD并发症应引起重视。

多排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像评价冠状动脉病变与Framingham评分的关系

目的探讨MDCT冠状动脉成像(MDCTCA)与传统Framingham危险评分(FRS)之间的关系。方法 415例临床可疑或已知冠心病患者接受MDCTCA检查。冠状动脉按照狭窄程度分为狭窄≥50%、狭窄<50%和正常。对患者进行FRS,根据FRS将患者分为低度危险组、中度危险组和高度危险组。比较3组间发生冠状动脉狭窄及斑块类型的差异。结果 根据FRS,低度、中度、高度危险组患者分别占36.63%(152/415)、39.28%(163/415)、24.10%(100/415)。冠状动脉CTA正常患者在低度、中度、高度危险组中分别占72.37%(110/152)、46.63%(76/163)、36.00%(36/100)。低度、中度、高度危险组的患者中冠状动脉狭窄≥50%者分别占6.58%(10/152)、23.31%(38/163)、40.00%(40/100),3支冠状动脉病变发病率分别为0.66%(1/152)、3.07%(5/163)、5.00%(5/100),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同FRS之间冠状动脉斑块类型发生率差异无统计学意义。结论 MDCTCA能够提供有关冠状动脉解剖学改变以外的信息。

无血管病变的2型糖尿病患者循环晚期氧化蛋白产物水平与Framingham风险评分的关系

目的研究无血管病变的2型糖尿病患者循环晚期氧化蛋白产物(AOPPs)水平与Framingham风险评分关系。方法采用横断面调查研究,于2010年3月~2011年5月在南方医科大学三所附属医院招募无血管病变的2型糖尿病患者为研究对象,以年龄、性别相匹配的正常健康人群为对照组,统计一般人口学指标,检测生化指标以及循环AOPPs水平,采用Framingham风险评分评估10年内发生心血管事件的风险。结果入组112例2型糖尿病患者,49例健康人群。2型糖尿病患者的体质量指数(BMI)、血糖、甘油三脂、低密度脂蛋白、循环AOPPs、Framingham风险评分显著高于正常人群,而高密度脂蛋白较正常人群显著降低;通过Spearman相关分析发现,AOPPs与Framingham风险评分呈显著正相关(r=0.44,P<0.001),进一步通过多元线性回归分析发现,AOPPs仍与Framingham风险评分呈显著正相关(β=0.305,P<0.001)。结论无血管病变的2型糖尿病患者循环AOPPs较正常人显著升高,且其发生心血管事件的风险评分显著高于正常人,而AOPPs与患者心血管事件发生风险评分呈独立的正相关关系,提示AOPPs的升高可能预示着2型糖尿病患者发生心血管事件的风险升高。

Framingham心血管不同风险等级人群及冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者舌色特征分析

目的探讨Framingham心血管不同风险等级人群及冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)患者的舌色特征。方法入选冠心病患者240例,体检者286例,根据Framingham风险评分(FRS)将体检者分为10年冠心病风险低危组(n=216例)、中危组(n=55例)和高危组(n=15例),应用中医舌诊仪采集冠心病患者及体检者的舌象,基于RGB、HSV颜色空间对舌色特征进行分析。结果低危组舌质颜色G、B、S值与冠心病组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),冠心病组舌质颜色G、B值高于低危组(P<0.05),S值低于低危组(P<0.05);中危组舌质颜色G、S值与低危组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),中危组舌质颜色G值高于低危组(P<0.05),S值低于低危组(P<0.05)。低危组舌尖颜色G、B、S值与冠心病组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),冠心病组舌尖颜色G、B值高于低危组(P<0.05),S值低于低危组(P<0.05);中危组舌尖颜色R、V值低于低危组(P<0.05);冠心病组舌尖颜色R值高于中危组(P<0.05)。结论Framingham风险评分10年冠心病风险低危组、中危组、高危组与冠心病患者的舌色特征参数存在差异,提示中医舌诊客观信息在冠心病发病风险预测中有一定的参考价值。

心血管疾病中高风险人群颈动脉粥样硬化的识别:基于机器学习的预测模型及验证

背景颈动脉粥样硬化(CAS)常被视为心血管疾病(CVD)的预警信号,其诊断技术颈动脉多普勒超声检查没有被纳入公共卫生服务项目,同时弗雷明汉风险评分(FRS)存在着评估CAS风险准确性不足的情况,不利于基层医疗人员识别CAS。目前,关于机器学习方法识别FRS中高风险人群CAS的研究依然缺乏。目的运用机器学习方法构建FRS中高风险人群CAS的预测模型,比较其判别效能,筛选出性能最优的模型,以期辅助基层医疗人员更简便更准确地识别CAS。方法采用方便抽样法,选取2019—2021年和2023年在广西壮族自治区柳州市两乡镇的674例当地居民作为研究对象。收集相关信息,并采集空腹血样、尿样检测生化指标。采用FRS评估CVD发生风险;运用颈动脉超声诊断CAS。将2019—2021年517例研究对象按照8∶2的比例随机分为训练集和验证集,训练集用于构建Logistic回归、随机森林(RF)、支持向量机(SVM)、极端梯度增强(XGBoost)模型和梯度增强决策树(GBDT)模型,验证集用于内部验证;2023年157例研究对象作为测试集,用于外部验证。通过Lasso回归分析筛选特征变量,运用灵敏度、特异度、准确度、F1值和曲线下面积(AUC)评价判别效能,外部验证采用AUC值评价最优模型泛化能力,并通过Shapley Additive exPlanation(SHAP)方法探讨影响最优模型识别CAS的重要变量。结果通过Lasso回归,筛选出15个非零特征变量:年龄、BMI、收缩压(SBP)、吸烟、饮酒、高血压、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、空腹血糖、载脂蛋白B(ApoB)、脂蛋白a(LPA)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、AST/丙氨酸氨基转移酶、尿微量白蛋白肌酐比值。构建的Logistic回归、RF、SVM、XGBoost模型和GBDT模型的AUC值均较高,其中GBDT模型的判别性能最优,其灵敏度、特异度、准确度、F1值和AUC分别是0.7551、0.8364、0.7981、0.7789、0.8349,外部验证AUC为0.7940。SHAP方法发现年龄、SBP、CRP、LPA、ApoB是影响GBDT模型识别CAS排名前5的因素。结论基于机器学习识别CAS的Logistic回归、RF、SVM、XGBoost模型和GBDT模型均显示出较高的判别性能,其中GBDT模型综合判别效能最佳,同时具有较强的泛化能力。

Serum Uric Acid is Associated with the Predicted Risk of Prevalent Cardiovascular Disease in a Community-dwelling Population without Diabetes

Objective To examine the association between serum uric acid levels and cardiovascular disease risk among individuals without diabetes.Methods We investigated the association between serum uric acid levels and the risk of prevalent cardiometabolic diseases, 10-year Framingham risk for coronary heart disease, and 10-year risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases （ASCVD） among 8,252 participants aged 〉 40 years without diabetes from Jiading district, Shanghai, China.Results Body mass index, waist circumference, blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, blood pressure, and serum lipids increased progressively across the sex-specific quartiles of uric acid （all P trend 〈 0.05）. Compared with individuals in the lowest quartile, those in the higher quartiles had a significantly higher prevalence of obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia （all P trend 〈 0.05）. A fully adjusted logistic regression analysis revealed that individuals in the highest quartile had an increased risk of predicted cardiovascular disease compared with those in the lowest quartile of uric acid. The multivariate adjusted odds ratios （ORs） [95% confidence intervals （C/s）] for the highest quartiles for high Framingham risk were 3.00 （2.00-4.50） in men and 2.95 （1.08-8.43） in women. The multivariate adjusted ORs （95% C/s） for the highest quartile for high ASCVD risk were 1.93 [1.17-3.17） in men and 4.53 （2.57-7.98） in women.Conclusion Serum uric acid level is associated with an increased risk of prevalent obesity, hypertension, dystipidemia, 10-year Framingham risk for coronary heart disease, and lO-year risk for ASCVD among Chinese adults without diabetes.

γ谷氨酰胺转移酶与Framingham危险评分的相关性分析

【目的】γ谷氨酰胺转移酶(GGT)近年来被发现与动脉粥样硬化及冠心病相关,本研究旨在探讨血清GGT水平与十年心脏病危险评分——Framingham危险评分(FRS)之间的相关性,以期能更早期发现心血管疾病的中高危患者。【方法】本研究入组了9 544名40岁及以上的广州社区居民,均来自于一项基于广州社区居民的横断面流行病学研究。GGT根据四分位数分组:Q1<15 U/L(n=2 407例)、Q2 15～19.9 U/L(n=2 302例)、Q3 20～28.9 U/L(n=2 442例)、Q4≥29 U/L(n=2 393例)。GGT与十年心血管疾病中高危风险(FRS≥10%)进行Logistic多重回归分析。【结果】相对于GGT最低四分位数组,随着GGT水平升高,FRS≥10%的比例增高(P<0.01),这种相关关系在校正了混杂因素后仍然存在,最高四分位数组的风险是最低四分位数组的1.72倍(95%置信区间1.28-2.29)。【结论】γ谷氨酰胺转移酶与十年心脏病危险评分FRS存在相关关系,建议常规体检早期重视GGT,有利于早期评估及干预心血管疾病中高危人群。

Predicted 10-year Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Its Association with Sleep Duration among Adults in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region,China

Objective The study aims to predict 10-year cardiovascular disease(CVD)risk and explore its association with sleep duration among Chinese urban adults.Methods We analyzed part of the baseline data of a cohort that recruited adults for health screening by cluster sampling.The simplified Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)and Framingham 10-year risk score(FRS)were used to measure sleep duration and CVD risk.Demographic characteristics,personal history of chronic diseases,lifestyle factors were collected using a questionnaire.Height,weight,total cholesterol(TC),and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)were also measured.Multiple logistic regression models were performed to explore the association of sleep duration with the predicted CVD risk.Results We included 31,135 participants(median age 44 years,53.02%males)free of CVD,cerebral stroke,and not taking lipid-lowering agents.Overall,14.05%,and 25.55%of participants were at medium and high predicted CVD risk,respectively.Short sleep was independently associated with increased odds of medium to high risk of predicted 10-year CVD among males(OR=1.10;95%CI:1.01–1.19)and increased odds of medium to high and high risk of predicted 10-year CVD among females(OR=1.23;95%CI:1.08–1.40;OR=1.27;95%CI:1.11–1.44).In contrast,long sleep had no association with cardiovascular risk.Conclusion A substantial number of adults free of CVD were at high 10-year CVD risk.Short sleep was associated with increased odds of predicted CVD risk.

长期血液透析慢性肾功能衰竭患者内皮祖细胞的变化及其与Framingham危险评分的关系

目的检测血液透析患者内皮祖细胞数量(EPCs)和功能的改变,并探讨其与Framingham危险评分的关系。方法采用密度梯度离心法分离培养慢性肾功能衰竭长期血液透析患者和对照组外周血单个核细胞,将其接种在人纤维连接蛋白包被培养板,7 d后取贴壁细胞进行Di-LDL和FITC-UEA-I双染色.并通过流式细胞仪检测其表面标志CD34、CD133、KDR,以鉴定EPCs。采用改良的Boyden小室、黏附功能检测评价其迁移和黏附能力,并与10 a Framingham危险评分进行统计学分析。结果长期血液透析患者EPCs的数量和迁移、黏附功能均低于对照组,差别有统计学意义(P<0.05);10 a Framingham危险评分与患者EPCs的数量和迁移、黏附功能分别呈负相关(r=-0.623,-0.658,-0.625,P<0.05)。结论长期血液透析患者的EPCs数量和功能降低,存在血管新生和内皮修复的缺陷,增加了患冠心病的风险。

维生素D与老年原发性高血压患者左心功能及Framingham评分的相关性

目的探讨血清维生素D与老年原发性高血压患者左心室功能、Framingham评分及心血管事件危险分层的相关性。方法选取2018年1月~2019年12月成都中医药大学附属医院心内科门诊及住院部诊治的501例老年原发性高血压患者为研究对象,根据血清维生素D水平分为维生素D充足组(n=144)、维生素D不足组(n=232)及维生素D缺乏组(n=125)。收集患者的高血压病程、吸烟史、血压、体重指数(BMI)、就诊当日的血清胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)及空腹血糖(FBG)等。采用经胸心脏彩超评估患者左心室收缩及舒张功能,Framingham评分(FRS)评估10年心脑血管事件风险评分及危险分层。结果①3组中,维生素D不足组女性所占百分率最高;维生素D缺乏组吸烟人数所占百分率、BMI、DBP、SBP、血清TC及LDL含量最高,HDL浓度最低(均P<0.05)。②3组中,维生素D缺乏组左心室LVEF值最低,左心室质量指数(LVMI)、IVSd、LVDd、LVPW最高,组内E/A比值异常人群百分率最多(P<0.05)。③多元线性回归分析校正年龄、性别、吸烟、血压、血脂及血糖等高危因素后,维生素D仍是IVSd、LVDd、LVPW、LVMI、LVEF及E/A比值的独立危险因素(均P<0.05)。④3组Framingham评分差异:维生素D缺乏组FRS最高,维生素D不足组次之,维生素D充足组最低(均P<0.05)。⑤3组10年心血管事件危险分层的差异:10年心血管事件评估模型中,维生素D充足组低危人群所占百分率最高,维生素D不足组中危人群所占百分率最高,维生素D缺乏组高危人群所占百分率最高(均P<0.05)。结论老年原发性高血压患者左心功能随着血清维生素D降低而降低,维生素D缺乏者的10年心血管风险评分及心血管事件危险分层在3组中最高。

Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Outpatients: An Alarming Sign of the Epidemiological Transition in Developing Country?

Background: Noncommunicable diseases are the leading cause of death in the world and low and middle-income countries suffer from preventable premature death. The aim of this study was to assess the risk factors for non- communicable disease (NCDs) in general and particular cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) among the outpatients of our department of medicine. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study from April to December 2017 by the consecutive enrollment of outpatients who attended in our department of medicine of Hôpital Sominé DOLO de Mopti, Mali. Clinical and laboratory data were measured for cardiovascular risk assessment. Framingham Risk Score (FRS) and Systemic Coronary Risk Estimation (SCORES) were computed by using Framingham and SCORE equations. Metabolic syndrome was defined using the harmonized criteria from the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI). Data were captured in excel and analyzed with R version 4.0.3. The statistical significance was set at p = 0.05. Results: A total of 292 patients were enrolled in this study. The prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors was 36.64%, 21.57%, 14.04%, and 13.01% for high blood pressure, hyperglycemia, smoking, and alcohol consumption, respectively. The metabolic syndrome accounted for 23.63%. The mean body mass index was 26.10 ± 7 kg/m2. The overall 10-year risk for cardiovascular events or death was 26.3% and 8.6% according to the FRS and SCORE equation, respectively. The 10-year risk of cardiovascular events according to the FRS was significantly higher in subjects aged 50 and above compared to subjects aged under 50 years, 34.46% vs 13.16%, p < 0.001. Likewise, the 10-year risk for cardiovascular death according to SCORE equation was also significantly higher in subjects aged 50 and above compared to subjects under 50 years, 9.43% vs 2.09%, p = 0.02. Regarding gender, the FRS was significantly higher in men compared to women 49.50% vs 7.84%, p < 0.001. This same trend was observed with the SCORE, 14.67% vs 4.13%, p = 0.03. Conclusion: Our data corroborate the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in SSA. A comprehensive cardiovascular risk factors assessment should be implemented in all stages of health facilities and a longitudinal follow-up could help shed a light on the epidemiology of NCDs in general and particularly CVDs and thereby improve their control policies in SSA.

基于Framingham评分的银屑病患者心血管风险评估

目的银屑病患者发生心血管病的危险因素较普通人群更加常见。文中通过对寻常型银屑病患者和正常体检人群进行Framingham心血管风险评估,旨在讨论银屑病患者心血管病发生风险的特征及防治。方法选取2015年10月至2016年10月期间南京军区南京总医院门诊90例寻常型银屑病患者,其中轻度48名(53.33%)、重度42名(46.67%);并纳入137名正常体检者作为对照。所有寻常型银屑病患者均进行临床和组织病理学诊断,使用银屑病面积和严重程度指数(PASI)评分评估其严重性。检测血脂、血压和空腹血糖等指标,计算未来10年发生心血管病的Framingham风险评分(FRS)。结果寻常型银屑病患者的10年FRS[1(0.5,6.0)]显著高于对照者[0.5(0.5,2.0)],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);10年FRS与性别(r=0.358)、年龄(r=0.678)和病程(r=0.257)呈正相关(P<0.05),与病情严重程度无相关性(r=0.184,P>0.05)。轻度与重度银屑病患者10年FRS差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。男性患者和50岁以上的老年患者FRS显著增高(P<0.05)。结论寻常型银屑病患者尤其是老年男性患者,与正常体检人群相比具有较高的心血管病发生风险。故应对银屑病患者的心血管疾病进行风险评估,并对其并发症进行积极防治。