Effect of Internal Flow on Vortex-Induced Vibration of Submarine Free Spanning Pipelines

At present, most researches on the vortex-induced vibration of submarine free spanning pipelines ignore the effect of internal flowing fluid; furthermore, there are no research reports considering the coupling effect of internal and external fluid with the free span. In this paper, combining Iwan's wake oscillator model with the differential equation derived for the dynamic response of submarine free spanning pipelines with inclusion of internal flow, the pipe-fluid coupling equations are developed to investigate the effect of internal flow on the vortex-induced vibration of the free spans. The finite element approximation is implemented to derive the matrix equations of equilibrium. The Newmark method combined with simple iteration is used to solve the system of equations. The results indicate that the internal fluid flow may cause the shift of resonance band to the lower frequency and a slight decrease in the peak value; the effect will be more pronounced with the increase of the span length and can be weakened in the presence of the axial tension.

Interaction of a submerged horseshoe vortex with a free surface

In this paper a submerged horseshoe vortex under a free surface is discussed and the algebraic expression of the wave elevation is obtained. From this expression, some characteristics of the ship wave are described. There exists a smooth region nearθ=0°, but when the uniform stream passes the other singularities （source, sink, doublet, etc.） there is no smooth region. The mechanism of synthetic aperture radar （SAR） images of the narrow ship wakes is also explained.

THE NONLINEAR INTERACTION OF VORTEX RINGS WITH A FREE SURFACE

Nonlinear interactions of vortex rings with a free surface are considered in an incompressible, ideal fluid using the vortex contour dynamics technique and the boundary integral equation method. The flow is axisymmetric and the vorticity is linearly distributed in the vortex. Effects of the gravity and the surface tension as well as the initial geometric parameter of the vortex on the interaction process are investigated in considerable detail. The interaction process may be divided into three major stages: the vortex free-traveling stage, the collision stage, and the vortex stretching and rebounding stage. Time evolutions of both the vortex and free surface under various conditions are provided and analyzed. Two kinds of waves exist on the free surface during interaction. In a special case where the gravity and surface tension are very weak or the vortex is very strong, an electric-bulb-like 'cavity' is formed an the free surface and the vortex is trapped in the 'cavity' for quite a. long time, resulting in a large amount, of fluid above the mean fluid surface.

Interaction of two edge dislocations in free-space propagation

This paper studies in detail the interaction of two edge dislocations nested in a Gaussian beam propagating in free space. It shows that in free-space propagation the edge dislocations are unstable and vanish, and two noncanonical vortices with opposite topological charge take place when off-axis distances cl and c2 of two edge dislocations are nonzero, and the condition k2w08＋ 32c1c2（w02- 2C1C2）Z2 〉 0 is fulfilled （k-wave number, w0-waist width）. A noncanonical vortex appears when one off-axis distance is zero. However, one edge dislocation is stable when two edge dislocations are perpendicular and one off-axis distance is zero. Two perpendicular edge dislocations both with zero off-axis distance are also stable. The analytical results are illustrated by numerical examples.

Reynolds and Mass-Damping Effect on Prediction of the Peak Amplitude of A Freely Vibrating Cylinder

The Reynolds effect and mass-damping effect on the peak amplitude of a freely vibrating cylinder is studied by using forced oscillating data from Gopalkrishnan＇ s research in 1993, in which all experimental cases were carried out at a fixed Reynolds and the tested cylinder was recognized as a body that had no mass and damping. However, the Reynolds and roass-damping are the very important parameters for the peak amplitude of a freely vibrating cylinder. In the present study, a function F is introduced to connect the forced oscillation and free vibration. Firstly the peak amplitude AG^＊ can be obtained from the function F using forced oscillation data of Gopalkrishnan＇ s experimental at Re = 10^4, and then the Reynolds effect is taken into account in the function f（Re）, while the mass-damping effect is considered in the function K（ α ）, where a is the mass-damping ratio. So the peak amplitude of a freely vibrating cylinder can be predicted by the expression： A ^＊ = K（ α ）f（ Re ）AG^＊ . It is found that the peak transverse amplitudes predicted by the above equation agree very well with many recent experimental data under both high and low Reynolds conditions while roass-damping varies. Furthermore, it is seen that the Reynolds number does have a great effect on the peak amplitude of a freely vibrating cylinder. The present idea in this paper can be applied as an update in the empirical models that also use forced oscillation data to predict the vortex induced vibration （VIV） response of a long riser in the frequency domain.

Vortex Channel Modelling for the Radio Vortex System

In this paper, a free-space vortex channel model of the radio vortex system is proposed to describe the propagation characteristics of vortex signals over the vortex channel. The key idea is to combine the Laguerre-Gaussian(LG) modes in the optical field with the free-space propagation model in the radio field. The proposed free-space vortex channel model is derived from the electric field expression of the LG modes and the freespace channel transfer function of the freespace propagation model theoretically. Simulation results verify that the proposed model could reflect the vortex channel characteristics better than the currently used free-space propagation model.

双转子风力机气动建模与控制仿真研究

为研究双转子风力机的气动特性和风能利用率,基于NREL 5 MW和WindPACT 1.5 MW风力机转子,搭建了双转子风力机模型,并进行了功率优化控制仿真。首先,建立了双转子风力机的气动、塔影效应、传动链与发电机模型,在Matlab/Simulink中搭建了双转子风力机模型。其次,基于自由涡尾迹法(Free Vortex Wake, FVW)对双转子风力机流场进行了不同风况下的仿真计算。最后,基于模糊控制设计了双转子风力机功率控制策略,并与PID控制策略进行了比较。结果表明:与CFD相比,FVW计算的流场风速相对误差绝对值小于10%,能够快速动态计算双转子风力机的流场分布;对比不同风况,双转子风力机的风能利用率可提高约24%;模糊控制策略在双转子风力机功率动态响应和抑制功率波动方面改善明显。

Design and Numerical Simulation of Low-Fiber Hollow Spindle in Air-Jet Vortex Spinning

Based on the mechanical system of free-end fibers and the analysis of pulling free-end fibers out of the spun yarn during spinning,a low-fiber hollow spindle is designed and the air distribution of fluent field is simulated numerically. The negative pressure effect is much bigger at the top of low-fiber hollow spindle than that in Murata No.861,which is more conducive for single fiber to get into the channel of hollow spindle. The tangential velocity in 0-3 mm at the top of hollow spindle increases and the fluctuation of radial velocity is much stronger,which enhance the wrapping effect. In the addition,the distribution of axial velocity remains the same.

悬跨海底电缆涡激振动特性及疲劳损伤分析

悬跨海底电缆作为细长柔性结构,在静力平衡状态下具有一定的垂度,在水流作用下的涡激振动特性与海底管线和海洋立管等结构也有很大的不同,其振动模态受垂跨比影响很大。通过物理模型试验开展了不同垂跨比下悬跨海缆的涡激振动和疲劳损伤特性研究。试验模型按照水弹性相似准则设计,试验中测量了不同流速下海缆模型产生涡激振动时的应变历时数据,采用模态分析法获得了模型涡激振动时的振动模态和振幅。分析了不同流速下海缆模型的振动模态、应变和疲劳损伤的变化和分布特征。试验结果表明:垂跨比显著影响了海缆的涡激振动模态和应变幅值大小。在本试验流速范围内,对一定长度的悬跨海缆模型,当垂跨比较大时,随着流速的增大,模型涡激振动的主响应振动依次出现反对称1阶和对称1阶模态;当垂跨比较小时,模型涡激振动的主响应模态依次出现反对称1阶和对称2阶模态。当涡激振动主响应模态为反对称1阶时,疲劳损伤最大值达到0.1~0.7。

自由汇流旋涡多相耦合输运演变机理

含自由液面的汇流旋涡抽吸演变中存在多相耦合、物质传输、能量剧烈交换等物理过程,其中所涉及的多相流体耦合输运机理是具有高度非线性特征的复杂动力学问题,多相黏滞耦合输运动力学建模与数值求解具有较高难度.针对上述问题,提出一种含自由液面的汇流旋涡多相耦合输运建模与求解方法.基于水平集-流体体积耦合(CLSVOF)计算方法,结合连续表面张力模型和可实现(k-ε)湍流模型,建立含自由液面的汇流旋涡多相耦合输运动力学模型;利用一种有效的体积修正方案来计算高速旋转多相流,保证流场质量守恒和无散度的速度场;结合相间耦合求解策略对多相流体分布与多相界面进行精确追踪.基于旋流场多特征物理变量,得到多相耦合界面动态演变与跨尺度涡团输运规律,揭示了多相耦合输运过程与压力脉动特性之间的相互作用机理.研究结果表明:多相耦合输运过程是流体介质过渡的关键状态,旋涡微团受到不同时空扰动模式在界面处形成层层螺纹波形;旋涡多相耦合输运过程随着水口尺度增大而增强,且耦合能量激波引起非线性压力脉动现象.研究结果可为旋涡输运机理、涡团跨尺度求解、流型追踪等方面的研究提供有益借鉴.

偏航工况下漂浮式机组非定常气动特性研究

采用自由涡尾迹法探索漂浮式风电机组在偏航工况下,受平台纵摇影响时功率与气动特性变化规律。研究结果表明:随着偏航角的增加,输出功率以二阶余弦函数下降,推力以一阶余弦函数下降;动态局部轴向诱导因子最小值产生从0°~22°的相移;法向力系数曲线分解所得基频与二倍频分量振幅和偏航角正相关,三倍频分量与偏航无相关性;其中,风轮旋转与纵摇运动耦合导致法向力系数产生相对运动频率更高频的三倍频分量。

平台纵摇对漂浮式风电机组叶片气弹特性的影响研究

海上风电向深远海发展,漂浮式风电机组成为发展方向。漂浮式风电机组存在多自由度平台运动,同时伴随海上多变的风况,叶片的气动特性和结构响应非常复杂。本文基于自由涡尾迹法与模态法建立了漂浮式风电机组叶片气弹模型,对NREL 5MW风电机组叶片的气弹特性进行了模拟,与采用BEM和GDW方法的计算结果进行对比。在对比验证的基础上,采用耦合模型研究了平台纵摇运动下NREL 5MW风电机组叶片气弹特性,结果表明,本文建立的耦合模拟方法可以准确地模拟平台运动下的气动性能与结构动态响应;平台运动会显著增加叶片气动性能的波动,平均功率明显增大,平均推力略有降低;平台运动使叶片表面等效应力发生波动,叶尖变形增大,中内叶展较外叶展更容易受到平台运动的影响。

自由悬挂分段式柔性立管涡激振动试验

在拖曳水池中进行自由悬挂分段式柔性立管涡激振动试验,通过改变拖车速度拖动立管产生不同流速,研究分段式立管动力响应规律。基于模态分析方法,分析立管应变响应、主导频率和位移响应等参数,并对典型管节动力响应规律进行讨论,研究自由悬挂分段式柔性立管涡激振动作用机理。研究结果表明:自由悬挂分段式柔性立管在涡激振动影响下发生不同程度的扭转,且约化速度越大,其影响程度越强,拖曳力对自由悬挂分段式柔性立管横向振动响应的影响不容忽视;立管中下部位置在涡激振动作用下呈现明显的模态竞争现象,低约化速度下,不同于常规边界条件(两端铰接或两端固支)下柔性立管涡激振动两方向主导频率呈双倍关系,出现两方向主导频率一致现象;立管横向位移振幅变化趋势与顺流向相反,顺流向模态转换区间滞后于横向,导致未在同一约化速度区间内发生模态转换。

水平轴风力机偏航与俯仰尾流特性

风力机的尾流干扰效应是影响风场下游风力机性能和风场出力的主要因素,通过调整风轮姿态可有效改善尾流干扰效应,但同时也引入了更为复杂的非定常气动特性和尾流场分布。为了研究风轮姿态控制的尾流特性,基于升力线和自由涡尾迹模型建立了水平轴风力机气动和尾流仿真模型,以NREL 5MW风力机为研究对象,在额定风速条件下,研究了叶轮偏航和俯仰工况下的尾流结构特性。在此基础上,对存在风切变和塔架影响时的风力机偏航和俯仰工况产生的尾流干扰进行了分析。研究结果表明:风轮的偏航和俯仰会引起尾流涡结构失稳提前、远尾流区湍流度增大,同时会导致尾流中心发生偏转和尾流作用区域减小,并加快速度亏损恢复,降低尾流效应对下游的干扰。风切变会产生类似风力机俯仰的效果,使得尾流抬升,作用区域减小。塔架对近尾流区的干扰较为显著,而俯仰控制会降低塔架对尾流的干扰。

自由射流涡环的形成演化及空化现象

自由射流在淹没状态下产生涡环是流体力学中的常见现象,在高雷诺数时涡环的涡核区域会产生空化现象。通过大涡模拟方法进行数值模拟,研究了两种典型雷诺数下涡环的形成与演化过程,结果表明:雷诺数Re=3000时,涡核区域没有空化现象产生,此时涡环为纯液相涡环;雷诺数Re=160000时,在涡环的涡核区域产生了空化现象,此时涡环为气液两相涡环;通过分析流场的压力分布和蒸汽体积分数分布,找到了涡环发生空化现象的空化压力。

悬垂立管波致疲劳与流致涡激振动疲劳特性研究

悬垂立管是应用在养殖工船以及温差能发电平台上的一种特殊立管形式,其一端与平台连接,另一端完全自由,在风浪流以及平台运动的影响下易因疲劳损伤而破坏。对一根安装于可移动式养殖工船的悬垂取水管进行浪致动力响应时域求解与涡激振动频域预报,基于Miner线性疲劳累计损伤理论计算考虑全年浪流分布概率的立管波致疲劳与涡激振动疲劳损伤情况。研究发现:考虑浪流分布概率后,悬垂立管波致疲劳总损伤主要分布在立管近平台端,顺浪流方向上更为严重,而涡激振动疲劳总损伤主要分布在立管近自由端,横流方向更为严重;海浪谱的有义波高与特征周期分别主要影响波致疲劳损伤的积累速度与沿管长分布特点;单一工况下,悬垂立管截面上涡激振动疲劳损伤最大位置并非总出现在横流方向,需根据具体工况计算分析;从总疲劳损伤角度分析,波致疲劳与涡激振动疲劳所导致的结构损伤在同一数量级。

涡激旋转下方柱小幅振荡模态的自由流线-边界层理论模型

针对刚体在流体中涡激旋转的数值结果表明,方柱在低雷诺数涡激旋转中有六种模态.本文针对其中的小幅振荡模态,通过综合无黏绕流情况下的自由流线理论与有黏平板的边界层理论,提出了一种理论模型;通过与浸没边界法所得数值结果进行对比,验证了该理论模型的有效性;并分析了小幅振荡模态的主要驱动力,解释了出现周期性振荡的原因.

Numerical modeling and experimental investigation of a two-phase sink vortex and its fluid-solid vibration characteristics

A sink vortex is a common physical phenomenon in continuous casting,chemical extraction,water conservancy,and other industrial processes,and often causes damage and loss in production.Therefore,the real-time monitoring of the sink vortex state is important for improving industrial production efficiency.However,its suction-extraction phenomenon and shock vibration characteristics in the course of its formation are complex mechanical dynamic factors for flow field state monitoring.To address this issue,we set up a multi-physics model using the level set method(LSM)for a free sink vortex to study the two-phase interaction mechanism.Then,a fluid–solid coupling dynamic model was deduced to investigate the shock vibration characteristics and reveal the transition mechanism of the critical flow state.The numerical results show that the coupling energy shock induces a pressure oscillation phenomenon,which appears to be a transient enhancement of vibration at the vortex penetration state.The central part of the transient enhancement signal is a high-frequency signal.Based on the dynamic coupling model,an experimental observation platform was established to verify the accuracy of the numerical results.The water-model experiment results were accordant with the numerical results.The above results provide a reference for fluid state recognition and active vortex control for industrial monitoring systems,such as those in aerospace pipe transport,hydropower generation,and microfluidic devices.

基于改进的无锚框目标检测算法的涡检测

在流体运动中涡对各种流场结构的生成和维持起着至关重要的作用,涡的识别和检测有助于理解流体流动规律。传统涡识别方法别存在定义不准确、严重依赖经验阈值、泛化性能差等问题,因此涡检测具有一定挑战性。本文从计算机视觉的角度出发,提出了一个基于目标检测算法的涡检测模型。针对原始目标检测模型对极端宽高比的细长涡检测效果不理想的问题,对两种不同类型涡的数据特性进行分析,并提出了基于可变形卷积(Deformable convolutional network,DCN)的特征自适应模块和基于改进损失函数的细长样本挖掘方法。采用圆柱尾流涡和潜艇尾部涡数据集对所提模型进行验证,实验结果表明改进后的模型检测精确率显著提高,并在细长涡的检测精确率上有显著提升,有效地平衡了各类型的涡检测性能。