This paper reviews the right to the freedom of contract and its effect on American business.Reading this paper is worth your time because:(1)you will become aware of the how freedom of contract came into existence;(2)...This paper reviews the right to the freedom of contract and its effect on American business.Reading this paper is worth your time because:(1)you will become aware of the how freedom of contract came into existence;(2)you will gain knowledge about the nexus between the freedom of contract and free markets;(3)and given the premise that in these tough economic times,where the government has gained much power,one principle that cannot be compromised,if we are to remain a free market system is the freedom of contract.The need to understand the many perspectives and applications of this crucial right of our society is urgent,especially in challenging economic circumstances.The right gives the U.S.a huge advantage over the rest of the world.展开更多
This paper presents a free market economy model that can be used to facilitate fully distributed autonomous control of resources in massive heterogeneous wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In the future, it is expected ...This paper presents a free market economy model that can be used to facilitate fully distributed autonomous control of resources in massive heterogeneous wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In the future, it is expected that WSNs will exist as part of the global Internet of Things (IoT), and different WSNs can work together in a massive network of heterogeneous WSNs in order to solve common problems. Control of valuable processing, sensing and communication resources, determining which nodes will remain awake during specific time periods in order to provide sensing services, and determining which nodes will forward other nodes’ packets are difficult problems that must be dealt with. It is proposed that just as the free market economy model enables the global human society to function reasonably well when individuals simply attempt to trade money and services in order to maximize their individual profits, and a similar model and mechanism should enable a massive network of heterogeneous WSNs to function well in a fully distributed autonomous manner. The main contributions of this paper are the introduction of the free market economy model for use with WSNs, the formal definition of a maximum profit price problem for multihop packet relaying, and the proposal of a distributed genetic algorithm for the solution of the maximum profit price problem. Simulation results show that the proposed distributed solution produces results that are 70% - 80% similar to a pareto optimal solution for this problem.展开更多
The structure of the economy seems to have been reshaped for the post-1980 period with the decisions of January 24,1980 and the structural changes that followed.In the 1980s,which can be called the transition process ...The structure of the economy seems to have been reshaped for the post-1980 period with the decisions of January 24,1980 and the structural changes that followed.In the 1980s,which can be called the transition process to a Free-Market Economy and an open economy,on the one hand,the privatization of state institutions and the determination of the prices of goods and services in free market conditions were tried to be ensured in order to withdraw the state from economic life,on the other hand,it was tried to grant freedom to foreign trade and capital movements.While these two main issues were being realized,the import substitution industrialization strategy was abandoned and the export-led growth model was started to be implemented.The last step of this process of opening up and liberalization was realized with the decision numbered 32 in 1989.While the change in the economic structure was achieved through domestic borrowing in the 1980s,with the liberalization of capital movements in the 1990s,it was seen that economic growth and development were tried to be achieved with hot money inflows rather than foreign direct investments.This orientation made the economy more open to crises,and for the first time there was a crisis in the form of the 1994 economic crisis,which was understood to be caused by hot money.The 1994 economic crisis could only be overcome by giving government guarantees to bank deposits and issuing high-interest Treasury Bills.Even the new banking regulations could not prevent the emergence of similar new economic crises in the following years.Because,we can say that the economic crisis experienced in the 2000s brought about a political transformation along with creating great economic problems.展开更多
Celiac Disease (CD) is an inherited, autoimmune disorder in which proteins from the grains wheat, rye and barley (collectively called gluten) damage the small intestine. The only treatment for CD is a strict, lifelong...Celiac Disease (CD) is an inherited, autoimmune disorder in which proteins from the grains wheat, rye and barley (collectively called gluten) damage the small intestine. The only treatment for CD is a strict, lifelong gluten-free diet. With a prevalence rate of about one in 100-133 people worldwide. Celiac disease is wide-spread across the globe. Unlike traditional allergies, which cause immediate reactions, gluten sensitivity is harder to pin down since it manifests gradually and in various forms like headaches, stomach cramps, bloating, anxiety, and depression. Due to complicated diagnosis procedure and lack of awareness, many cases are either misdiagnosed or not at all diagnosed in India and USA. In spite of high growth, gluten-free foods are facing problems to grain ground in Asian market, due to high price, lack of awareness about the products, large number of un-diagnosed cases and inefficient value chain for gluten-free products. One of the major issues in India and USA is very high prices of gluten-free foods as compared to regular food products. Globally, the market potential of gluten free products is estimated to be USD 4639.13 Million and USD 7594.43 Million in 2015 and 2020 respectively. The global gluten free food market is projected to grow with a CAGR between 9 percent and 10.2 percent during 2016-2022. The study on consumer preference of gluten-free foods would enable manufacturers of gluten-free foods to understand the current and evolving expectations of consumers and to design the products according. Study of two countries i.e., India and USA would enable manufacturers to understand the difference in choices and preferences related to gluten-free foods for both the nations. This study would help manufacturers of alternative wheat product to form the concrete marketing and product development strategy based on recent consumer behavior trends.展开更多
The development of kids toothpaste in Chinese market has been introduced, and the common characteristics of kids toothpaste in the production and sales have been analyzed. Through the analysis of the characteristics o...The development of kids toothpaste in Chinese market has been introduced, and the common characteristics of kids toothpaste in the production and sales have been analyzed. Through the analysis of the characteristics of kids oral care, the special technical requirements of kids toothpaste are elucidated. Finally, suggestions for the future development of kids toothpaste are put forward.展开更多
This paper analyzes the aritrage free security markets and the general equilibrium existence problem for a stochastic economy with incomplete financial markets. Information structure is given by an event tree. This pa...This paper analyzes the aritrage free security markets and the general equilibrium existence problem for a stochastic economy with incomplete financial markets. Information structure is given by an event tree. This paper restricts attention to purely financial securities. It is assume that trading takes place in the sequence of spot markets and futures markets for securities payable in units of account. Unlimited short selling in securities is allowed. Financial markets may be incomplete: some consumption streams may be impossible to obtain by any trading strategy. Securities may be individually precluded from trade at arbitrary states and dates. The security price process is arbitrage free the dividend process if and only if there exists a stochstic state price (present value) process: the present value of the security prices at every vertex is the present value of their dividend and capital values over the set of immediate successors; the current value of each security at every vertex is the present value of its future dividend stream over all succeeding vertices. The existence of such an equilibrium is proved under the following condition: continuous, weakly convex, strictly monotone and complete preferences, strictly positive endowments and dividends processes.展开更多
文摘This paper reviews the right to the freedom of contract and its effect on American business.Reading this paper is worth your time because:(1)you will become aware of the how freedom of contract came into existence;(2)you will gain knowledge about the nexus between the freedom of contract and free markets;(3)and given the premise that in these tough economic times,where the government has gained much power,one principle that cannot be compromised,if we are to remain a free market system is the freedom of contract.The need to understand the many perspectives and applications of this crucial right of our society is urgent,especially in challenging economic circumstances.The right gives the U.S.a huge advantage over the rest of the world.
文摘This paper presents a free market economy model that can be used to facilitate fully distributed autonomous control of resources in massive heterogeneous wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In the future, it is expected that WSNs will exist as part of the global Internet of Things (IoT), and different WSNs can work together in a massive network of heterogeneous WSNs in order to solve common problems. Control of valuable processing, sensing and communication resources, determining which nodes will remain awake during specific time periods in order to provide sensing services, and determining which nodes will forward other nodes’ packets are difficult problems that must be dealt with. It is proposed that just as the free market economy model enables the global human society to function reasonably well when individuals simply attempt to trade money and services in order to maximize their individual profits, and a similar model and mechanism should enable a massive network of heterogeneous WSNs to function well in a fully distributed autonomous manner. The main contributions of this paper are the introduction of the free market economy model for use with WSNs, the formal definition of a maximum profit price problem for multihop packet relaying, and the proposal of a distributed genetic algorithm for the solution of the maximum profit price problem. Simulation results show that the proposed distributed solution produces results that are 70% - 80% similar to a pareto optimal solution for this problem.
文摘The structure of the economy seems to have been reshaped for the post-1980 period with the decisions of January 24,1980 and the structural changes that followed.In the 1980s,which can be called the transition process to a Free-Market Economy and an open economy,on the one hand,the privatization of state institutions and the determination of the prices of goods and services in free market conditions were tried to be ensured in order to withdraw the state from economic life,on the other hand,it was tried to grant freedom to foreign trade and capital movements.While these two main issues were being realized,the import substitution industrialization strategy was abandoned and the export-led growth model was started to be implemented.The last step of this process of opening up and liberalization was realized with the decision numbered 32 in 1989.While the change in the economic structure was achieved through domestic borrowing in the 1980s,with the liberalization of capital movements in the 1990s,it was seen that economic growth and development were tried to be achieved with hot money inflows rather than foreign direct investments.This orientation made the economy more open to crises,and for the first time there was a crisis in the form of the 1994 economic crisis,which was understood to be caused by hot money.The 1994 economic crisis could only be overcome by giving government guarantees to bank deposits and issuing high-interest Treasury Bills.Even the new banking regulations could not prevent the emergence of similar new economic crises in the following years.Because,we can say that the economic crisis experienced in the 2000s brought about a political transformation along with creating great economic problems.
文摘Celiac Disease (CD) is an inherited, autoimmune disorder in which proteins from the grains wheat, rye and barley (collectively called gluten) damage the small intestine. The only treatment for CD is a strict, lifelong gluten-free diet. With a prevalence rate of about one in 100-133 people worldwide. Celiac disease is wide-spread across the globe. Unlike traditional allergies, which cause immediate reactions, gluten sensitivity is harder to pin down since it manifests gradually and in various forms like headaches, stomach cramps, bloating, anxiety, and depression. Due to complicated diagnosis procedure and lack of awareness, many cases are either misdiagnosed or not at all diagnosed in India and USA. In spite of high growth, gluten-free foods are facing problems to grain ground in Asian market, due to high price, lack of awareness about the products, large number of un-diagnosed cases and inefficient value chain for gluten-free products. One of the major issues in India and USA is very high prices of gluten-free foods as compared to regular food products. Globally, the market potential of gluten free products is estimated to be USD 4639.13 Million and USD 7594.43 Million in 2015 and 2020 respectively. The global gluten free food market is projected to grow with a CAGR between 9 percent and 10.2 percent during 2016-2022. The study on consumer preference of gluten-free foods would enable manufacturers of gluten-free foods to understand the current and evolving expectations of consumers and to design the products according. Study of two countries i.e., India and USA would enable manufacturers to understand the difference in choices and preferences related to gluten-free foods for both the nations. This study would help manufacturers of alternative wheat product to form the concrete marketing and product development strategy based on recent consumer behavior trends.
文摘The development of kids toothpaste in Chinese market has been introduced, and the common characteristics of kids toothpaste in the production and sales have been analyzed. Through the analysis of the characteristics of kids oral care, the special technical requirements of kids toothpaste are elucidated. Finally, suggestions for the future development of kids toothpaste are put forward.
文摘This paper analyzes the aritrage free security markets and the general equilibrium existence problem for a stochastic economy with incomplete financial markets. Information structure is given by an event tree. This paper restricts attention to purely financial securities. It is assume that trading takes place in the sequence of spot markets and futures markets for securities payable in units of account. Unlimited short selling in securities is allowed. Financial markets may be incomplete: some consumption streams may be impossible to obtain by any trading strategy. Securities may be individually precluded from trade at arbitrary states and dates. The security price process is arbitrage free the dividend process if and only if there exists a stochstic state price (present value) process: the present value of the security prices at every vertex is the present value of their dividend and capital values over the set of immediate successors; the current value of each security at every vertex is the present value of its future dividend stream over all succeeding vertices. The existence of such an equilibrium is proved under the following condition: continuous, weakly convex, strictly monotone and complete preferences, strictly positive endowments and dividends processes.
