Recently, there has been controversy about the relationship between the number of lymph nodes removed and survival of patients diagnosed with lymph node-negative breast cancer. To assess this relationship, 603 cases o...Recently, there has been controversy about the relationship between the number of lymph nodes removed and survival of patients diagnosed with lymph node-negative breast cancer. To assess this relationship, 603 cases of lymph node-negative breast cancer with a median of 126 months of follow-up data were studied. Patients were stratified into two groups(Group A, 10 or fewer tumor-free lymph nodes removed; Group B, more than 10 tumor-free lymph nodes removed). The number of tumor-free lymph nodes in ipsilateral axillary resections as well as 5 other disease parameters were analyzed for prognostic value. Our results revealed that the risk of death from breast cancer was significantly associated with patient age, marital status, histologic grade, tumor size, and adjuvant therapy. The 5- and 10-year survival rates for patients with 10 or fewer tumor-free lymph nodes removed was 88.0% and 66.4%, respectively, compared with 69.2% and 51.1%, respectively, for patients with more than 10 tumor-free lymph nodes removed. For patients with 10 or fewer tumor-free lymph nodes removed, the adjusted hazard ratio(HR) for risk of death from breast cancer was 0.579(95% confidence interval, 0.492-0.687, P < 0.001), independent of patient age, marital status, histologic grade, tumor size, and adjuvant therapy. Our study suggests that the number of tumor-free lymph nodes removed is an independent predictor in cases of lymph node-negative breast cancer.展开更多
AIM:Clinicopathologic factors predicting overall survival (OS) would help identify a subset to benefit from adjuvant therapy. METHODS: One hundred and sixty-nine patients patients from 1984 to 2009 with curative resec...AIM:Clinicopathologic factors predicting overall survival (OS) would help identify a subset to benefit from adjuvant therapy. METHODS: One hundred and sixty-nine patients patients from 1984 to 2009 with curative resections for pancreatic adenocarcinoma were included. Tumors were staged by American Joint Committee on Cancer 7th edition criteria. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed using Kaplan-Meier methodology or Cox proportional hazard models. Log-rank tests were performed. Statistical inferences were assessed by two-sided 5% significance level. RESULTS: Median age was 67.1 (57.2-73.0) years with equal gender distribution. Tumors were in the head (89.3%) or body/tail (10.7%). On univariate analysis, adjuvant therapy, lymph node (LN) ratio, histologic grade, negative margin status, absence of peripancreatic extension, and T stage were associated with improved OS. Adjuvant therapy, LN ratio, histologic grade, number of nodes examined, negative LN status, and absence of peripancreatic extension were associated with improved recurrence-free survival (RFS). On multivariable analysis, LN ratio and carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 levels were associated with OS. LN ratio was associated with RFS. CONCLUSION: The LN ratio and CA 19-9 levels are independent prognostic factors following curative resections of pancreatic cancer.展开更多
In the conventional differential quadrature （DQ） method the functional values along a mesh line are used to approximate derivatives and its application is limited to regular regions. In this paper, a local different...In the conventional differential quadrature （DQ） method the functional values along a mesh line are used to approximate derivatives and its application is limited to regular regions. In this paper, a local differential quadrature （LDQ） method was developed by using irregular distributed nodes, where any spatial derivative at a nodal point is approximated by a linear weighted sum of the functional values of nodes in the local physical domain. The weighting coefficients in the new approach are determined by the quadrature rule with the aid of nodal interpolation. Since the proposed method directly approximates the derivative, it can be consistently well applied to linear and nonlinear problems and the mesh-free feature is still kept. Numerical examples are provided to validate the LDQ method.展开更多
基金supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81172165)
文摘Recently, there has been controversy about the relationship between the number of lymph nodes removed and survival of patients diagnosed with lymph node-negative breast cancer. To assess this relationship, 603 cases of lymph node-negative breast cancer with a median of 126 months of follow-up data were studied. Patients were stratified into two groups(Group A, 10 or fewer tumor-free lymph nodes removed; Group B, more than 10 tumor-free lymph nodes removed). The number of tumor-free lymph nodes in ipsilateral axillary resections as well as 5 other disease parameters were analyzed for prognostic value. Our results revealed that the risk of death from breast cancer was significantly associated with patient age, marital status, histologic grade, tumor size, and adjuvant therapy. The 5- and 10-year survival rates for patients with 10 or fewer tumor-free lymph nodes removed was 88.0% and 66.4%, respectively, compared with 69.2% and 51.1%, respectively, for patients with more than 10 tumor-free lymph nodes removed. For patients with 10 or fewer tumor-free lymph nodes removed, the adjusted hazard ratio(HR) for risk of death from breast cancer was 0.579(95% confidence interval, 0.492-0.687, P < 0.001), independent of patient age, marital status, histologic grade, tumor size, and adjuvant therapy. Our study suggests that the number of tumor-free lymph nodes removed is an independent predictor in cases of lymph node-negative breast cancer.
文摘AIM:Clinicopathologic factors predicting overall survival (OS) would help identify a subset to benefit from adjuvant therapy. METHODS: One hundred and sixty-nine patients patients from 1984 to 2009 with curative resections for pancreatic adenocarcinoma were included. Tumors were staged by American Joint Committee on Cancer 7th edition criteria. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed using Kaplan-Meier methodology or Cox proportional hazard models. Log-rank tests were performed. Statistical inferences were assessed by two-sided 5% significance level. RESULTS: Median age was 67.1 (57.2-73.0) years with equal gender distribution. Tumors were in the head (89.3%) or body/tail (10.7%). On univariate analysis, adjuvant therapy, lymph node (LN) ratio, histologic grade, negative margin status, absence of peripancreatic extension, and T stage were associated with improved OS. Adjuvant therapy, LN ratio, histologic grade, number of nodes examined, negative LN status, and absence of peripancreatic extension were associated with improved recurrence-free survival (RFS). On multivariable analysis, LN ratio and carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 levels were associated with OS. LN ratio was associated with RFS. CONCLUSION: The LN ratio and CA 19-9 levels are independent prognostic factors following curative resections of pancreatic cancer.
文摘In the conventional differential quadrature （DQ） method the functional values along a mesh line are used to approximate derivatives and its application is limited to regular regions. In this paper, a local differential quadrature （LDQ） method was developed by using irregular distributed nodes, where any spatial derivative at a nodal point is approximated by a linear weighted sum of the functional values of nodes in the local physical domain. The weighting coefficients in the new approach are determined by the quadrature rule with the aid of nodal interpolation. Since the proposed method directly approximates the derivative, it can be consistently well applied to linear and nonlinear problems and the mesh-free feature is still kept. Numerical examples are provided to validate the LDQ method.
