Exact doubly periodic standing wave patterns of the Davey-Stewartson （DS） equations are derived in terms of rational expressions of elliptic functions.In fluid mechanics,DS equations govern the evolution of weakly n...Exact doubly periodic standing wave patterns of the Davey-Stewartson （DS） equations are derived in terms of rational expressions of elliptic functions.In fluid mechanics,DS equations govern the evolution of weakly nonlinear,free surface wave packets when long wavelength modulations in two mutually perpendicular,horizontal directions are incorporated.Elliptic functions with two different moduli （periods） are necessary in the two directions.The relation between the moduli and the wave numbers constitutes the dispersion relation of such waves.In the long wave limit,localized pulses are recovered.展开更多
Pattern search algorithms is one of most frequently used methods which were designed to solve the derivative-free optimization problems. Such methods get growing need with the development of science, engineering, econ...Pattern search algorithms is one of most frequently used methods which were designed to solve the derivative-free optimization problems. Such methods get growing need with the development of science, engineering, economy and so on. Inspired by the idea of Hooke and Jeeves, we introduced an integer m in the algorithm which controls the number of steps of iteration update. We mean along the descent direction to allow the algorithm to?go ahead m steps at most to explore whether we can get better solution further. The experiment proved the strategy’s efficiency.展开更多
BACKGROUND There has been no study comparing the difference in the failure patterns between patients with or without postoperative radiotherapy(PORT)after esophagectomy for pT3-4N0-3M0 esophageal squamous cell carcino...BACKGROUND There has been no study comparing the difference in the failure patterns between patients with or without postoperative radiotherapy(PORT)after esophagectomy for pT3-4N0-3M0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC).AIM To investigate the difference in the failure patterns of stage pT3-4N0-3M0 ESCC patients with or without PORT.METHODS Patients with stage pT3-4N0-3M0 ESCC,who underwent surgery with or without PORT,were enrolled in this study.The primary endpoint was to investigate the difference in the failure patterns between patients with or without PORT after esophagectomy.The secondary endpoint was to estimate whether patients with stage pT3-4 ESCC could achieve a disease-free survival(DFS)advantage after receiving adjuvant PORT.Statistical analyses were performed by the Kaplan-Meier method,Cox regression model,and Chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test.RESULTS In total,230 patients with stage pT3-4N0-3M0 ESCC were included in this study.Fifty-six patients who received PORT were screened from a prospective cohort(S+R arm).And 174 patients involving surgery alone were retrospectively selected from July 2006 to October 2014(S arm).There were no significant differences in the clinical or pathological characteristics of patients between the two arms,except for tumor location(P=0.031).The failure patterns between the two arms were significantly different(P<0.001).Patients in the S arm had a significantly higher proportion of locoregional recurrence and a lower proportion of distant metastasis than those in the S+R arm(92.0%vs 35.7%,P<0.001 and 19.0%vs 75.0%,P<0.001,respectively).The difference in the median DFS between the two arms was statistically significant(12.7 vs 8 mo,P=0.048).Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis both demonstrated that the number of lymph node metastases≥3(HR=0.572,95% CI:0.430-0.762,P<0.001)was an independent poor prognostic factor for DFS in patients with stage pT3-4N0-3M0 ESCC.CONCLUSION PORT could improve DFS and local control of patients with stage pT3-4N0-3M0 ESCC.However,further studies need to be conducted to control hematogenous metastasis after PORT.展开更多
The carbonate-free fraction of 20 surface sediments collected from the ultraslow-spreading Southwest Indian Ridge(SWIR) was studied by grain size analysis and mineralogical analysis with X-ray powder diffraction(XRD),...The carbonate-free fraction of 20 surface sediments collected from the ultraslow-spreading Southwest Indian Ridge(SWIR) was studied by grain size analysis and mineralogical analysis with X-ray powder diffraction(XRD),stereo microscopy and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The characteristics of the carbonate-free fraction of the sediments were obtained, and related influential factors were discussed. The results show that the mean grain size of this fraction is in 1.96Φ–8.19Φ, with poorly sorting and unimodal, bimodal or irregular bimodal distribution patterns. Four grain size end members of the fraction are derived with the End Member Model method. The finest end member EM1 shows a significant contribution of terrigenous materials of the aeolian input and sediment carried by the bottom current. End member EM2 with medium size mainly reflects sediment of a siliceous bioclast origin. EM3 and EM4 are interpreted as representing the coarser volcanic materials related to bedrock weathering or volcanic activities. Multi-provenance is the dominant factor controlling the grain size pattern of the carbonate-free fraction of the sediments in that area. In addition, sediment transport processes such as the bottom current and wind are the minor factors that influence the grain size distribution of the carbonate-free fraction sediments.展开更多
We discuss a filter-based pattern search method for unconstrained optimization in this paper. For the purpose to broaden the search range we use both filter technique and frames, which are fragments of grids, to provi...We discuss a filter-based pattern search method for unconstrained optimization in this paper. For the purpose to broaden the search range we use both filter technique and frames, which are fragments of grids, to provide a new criterion of iterate acceptance. The convergence can be ensured under some conditions. The numerical result shows that this method is practical and efficient.展开更多
The knowledge of wing orientation and deformation during flapping flight is necessary for a complete aerodynamic analysis, but to date those kinematic features have not been simultaneously quantified for free-flying i...The knowledge of wing orientation and deformation during flapping flight is necessary for a complete aerodynamic analysis, but to date those kinematic features have not been simultaneously quantified for free-flying insects. A projected comb-fringe (PCF) method has been developed for measuring spanwise camber changes on free-flying dragonflies and on beating-flying dragonflies through the course of a wingbeat, which bases on projecting a fringe pattern over the whole measurement area and then measuring the wing deformation from the distorted fringe pattern. Experimental results demonstrate substantial camber changes both along the wingspan and through the course of a wingbeat. The ratio of camber deformation to chord length for hind wing is up to 0.11 at 75% spanwise with a flapping angle of -0.66 degree for a free-flying dragonfly.展开更多
The division process of endosperm in rice and its influencing factors were investigated. Total dissection, resin embedding and sectioning under light and transmission electron microscopes were used to observe the divi...The division process of endosperm in rice and its influencing factors were investigated. Total dissection, resin embedding and sectioning under light and transmission electron microscopes were used to observe the division patterns of free nuclei and cytological characters of an endosperm. The various division patterns of free nuclei in rice endosperm included mitosis, amitosis, and the mitosis to amitosis change without an interphase. The division velocity of free nuclei in rice endosperm varied with the internucleus distance. Comparing to a cluster, the division velocity increased when the free nuclei were separated from each other. Moderately higher temperatures also enhanced the proliferation and shortened the division cycle of free nuclei in rice endosperm. To a certain extent, nitrogenous fertilizer applied at the booting stage together with a moderate drought treatment accelerated the division of free nuclei as well.展开更多
With the economic integration all over the world, it is necessary to establish the free trade area of central Asia, including Xinjiang. This paper analyses the demands on establishing free trade area in central Asia. ...With the economic integration all over the world, it is necessary to establish the free trade area of central Asia, including Xinjiang. This paper analyses the demands on establishing free trade area in central Asia. According to the present statues of Xinjiang and five countries of central Asia, the developmental patterns are suggested. Furthermore, some policies and suggestions are proposed about the existing problems.展开更多
基金support of the Hong Kong Research Grants Council through contracts 711807E and 712008E
文摘Exact doubly periodic standing wave patterns of the Davey-Stewartson （DS） equations are derived in terms of rational expressions of elliptic functions.In fluid mechanics,DS equations govern the evolution of weakly nonlinear,free surface wave packets when long wavelength modulations in two mutually perpendicular,horizontal directions are incorporated.Elliptic functions with two different moduli （periods） are necessary in the two directions.The relation between the moduli and the wave numbers constitutes the dispersion relation of such waves.In the long wave limit,localized pulses are recovered.
文摘Pattern search algorithms is one of most frequently used methods which were designed to solve the derivative-free optimization problems. Such methods get growing need with the development of science, engineering, economy and so on. Inspired by the idea of Hooke and Jeeves, we introduced an integer m in the algorithm which controls the number of steps of iteration update. We mean along the descent direction to allow the algorithm to?go ahead m steps at most to explore whether we can get better solution further. The experiment proved the strategy’s efficiency.
基金Supported by Emerging Advanced Technology Joint Research Project of Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center,No.SHDC12017103Shanghai Municipal Education Commission-Gaofeng Clinical Medicine Grant Support,No.20161433
文摘BACKGROUND There has been no study comparing the difference in the failure patterns between patients with or without postoperative radiotherapy(PORT)after esophagectomy for pT3-4N0-3M0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC).AIM To investigate the difference in the failure patterns of stage pT3-4N0-3M0 ESCC patients with or without PORT.METHODS Patients with stage pT3-4N0-3M0 ESCC,who underwent surgery with or without PORT,were enrolled in this study.The primary endpoint was to investigate the difference in the failure patterns between patients with or without PORT after esophagectomy.The secondary endpoint was to estimate whether patients with stage pT3-4 ESCC could achieve a disease-free survival(DFS)advantage after receiving adjuvant PORT.Statistical analyses were performed by the Kaplan-Meier method,Cox regression model,and Chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test.RESULTS In total,230 patients with stage pT3-4N0-3M0 ESCC were included in this study.Fifty-six patients who received PORT were screened from a prospective cohort(S+R arm).And 174 patients involving surgery alone were retrospectively selected from July 2006 to October 2014(S arm).There were no significant differences in the clinical or pathological characteristics of patients between the two arms,except for tumor location(P=0.031).The failure patterns between the two arms were significantly different(P<0.001).Patients in the S arm had a significantly higher proportion of locoregional recurrence and a lower proportion of distant metastasis than those in the S+R arm(92.0%vs 35.7%,P<0.001 and 19.0%vs 75.0%,P<0.001,respectively).The difference in the median DFS between the two arms was statistically significant(12.7 vs 8 mo,P=0.048).Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis both demonstrated that the number of lymph node metastases≥3(HR=0.572,95% CI:0.430-0.762,P<0.001)was an independent poor prognostic factor for DFS in patients with stage pT3-4N0-3M0 ESCC.CONCLUSION PORT could improve DFS and local control of patients with stage pT3-4N0-3M0 ESCC.However,further studies need to be conducted to control hematogenous metastasis after PORT.
基金China Ocean Mineral Resources Research and Development under contract No.DY125-11-R-04the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41676036
文摘The carbonate-free fraction of 20 surface sediments collected from the ultraslow-spreading Southwest Indian Ridge(SWIR) was studied by grain size analysis and mineralogical analysis with X-ray powder diffraction(XRD),stereo microscopy and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The characteristics of the carbonate-free fraction of the sediments were obtained, and related influential factors were discussed. The results show that the mean grain size of this fraction is in 1.96Φ–8.19Φ, with poorly sorting and unimodal, bimodal or irregular bimodal distribution patterns. Four grain size end members of the fraction are derived with the End Member Model method. The finest end member EM1 shows a significant contribution of terrigenous materials of the aeolian input and sediment carried by the bottom current. End member EM2 with medium size mainly reflects sediment of a siliceous bioclast origin. EM3 and EM4 are interpreted as representing the coarser volcanic materials related to bedrock weathering or volcanic activities. Multi-provenance is the dominant factor controlling the grain size pattern of the carbonate-free fraction of the sediments in that area. In addition, sediment transport processes such as the bottom current and wind are the minor factors that influence the grain size distribution of the carbonate-free fraction sediments.
文摘We discuss a filter-based pattern search method for unconstrained optimization in this paper. For the purpose to broaden the search range we use both filter technique and frames, which are fragments of grids, to provide a new criterion of iterate acceptance. The convergence can be ensured under some conditions. The numerical result shows that this method is practical and efficient.
文摘The knowledge of wing orientation and deformation during flapping flight is necessary for a complete aerodynamic analysis, but to date those kinematic features have not been simultaneously quantified for free-flying insects. A projected comb-fringe (PCF) method has been developed for measuring spanwise camber changes on free-flying dragonflies and on beating-flying dragonflies through the course of a wingbeat, which bases on projecting a fringe pattern over the whole measurement area and then measuring the wing deformation from the distorted fringe pattern. Experimental results demonstrate substantial camber changes both along the wingspan and through the course of a wingbeat. The ratio of camber deformation to chord length for hind wing is up to 0.11 at 75% spanwise with a flapping angle of -0.66 degree for a free-flying dragonfly.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.30471045 and No.30670125)
文摘The division process of endosperm in rice and its influencing factors were investigated. Total dissection, resin embedding and sectioning under light and transmission electron microscopes were used to observe the division patterns of free nuclei and cytological characters of an endosperm. The various division patterns of free nuclei in rice endosperm included mitosis, amitosis, and the mitosis to amitosis change without an interphase. The division velocity of free nuclei in rice endosperm varied with the internucleus distance. Comparing to a cluster, the division velocity increased when the free nuclei were separated from each other. Moderately higher temperatures also enhanced the proliferation and shortened the division cycle of free nuclei in rice endosperm. To a certain extent, nitrogenous fertilizer applied at the booting stage together with a moderate drought treatment accelerated the division of free nuclei as well.
文摘With the economic integration all over the world, it is necessary to establish the free trade area of central Asia, including Xinjiang. This paper analyses the demands on establishing free trade area in central Asia. According to the present statues of Xinjiang and five countries of central Asia, the developmental patterns are suggested. Furthermore, some policies and suggestions are proposed about the existing problems.
