Catenary-free operated electric trains, as one of the recent technologies in railway transportation, has opened a new field of research: speed profile optimization and energy optimal operation of catenary-free operate...Catenary-free operated electric trains, as one of the recent technologies in railway transportation, has opened a new field of research: speed profile optimization and energy optimal operation of catenary-free operated electric trains. A well-formulated solution for this problem should consider the characteristics of the energy storage device using validated models and methods. This paper discusses the consideration of the lithium-ion battery behavior in the problem of speed profile optimization of catenary-free operated electric trains. We combine the single mass point train model with an electrical battery model and apply a dynamic programming approach to minimize the charge taken from the battery during the catenary-free operation. The models and the method are validated and evaluated against experimental data gathered from the test runs of an actual battery-driven train tested in Essex, UK. The results show a significant potential in energy saving. Moreover, we show that the optimum speed profiles generated using our approach consume less charge from the battery compared to the previous approaches.展开更多
为研究插入道岔施工(Turnout Inserting Construction,TIC)对既有高速道岔锁定轨温(StressFree Rail Temperature of Existing high-speed Turnout,SFRTET)的影响,提出基于双向应变法的锁定轨温变化测试方案,推导不同因素影响下的锁定...为研究插入道岔施工(Turnout Inserting Construction,TIC)对既有高速道岔锁定轨温(StressFree Rail Temperature of Existing high-speed Turnout,SFRTET)的影响,提出基于双向应变法的锁定轨温变化测试方案,推导不同因素影响下的锁定轨温变化测量原理,确定监测数据的处理方法,并开展道岔锁定轨温变化现场试验研究.研究结果表明:基于锁定轨温变化监测方法确定的传感器安装时轨温与实测数据差异仅1.4%,验证了测试方案的合理性和数据处理方法的正确性;高速道岔的锁定轨温会受插入道岔各工序施工的影响,其在轨道结构拆除、轨道结构施工、道岔形位精调和工电联调3个工序中表现出显著的动态变化特征,即锁定轨温经历多次循环变化才达到稳定状态;既有高速道岔锁定轨温受侧股钢轨重新焊接施工影响最为显著,尤其是靠近焊接位置的侧股钢轨,其锁定轨温变化达12.87℃,建议侧股钢轨重新焊接工序尽可能选择在轨温接近既有道岔原锁定轨温时开展.展开更多
Transition prediction is of great importance for the design of long distance flying vehicles. It starts from the problem of receptivity, i.e., how external disturbances trigger instability waves in the boundary layer....Transition prediction is of great importance for the design of long distance flying vehicles. It starts from the problem of receptivity, i.e., how external disturbances trigger instability waves in the boundary layer. For super/hypersonic boundary layers, the external disturbances first interact with the shock ahead of the flying vehicles before entering the boundary layer. Since direct numerical simulation （DNS） is the only available tool for its comprehensive and detailed investigation, an important problem arises whether the numerical scheme, especially the shock-capturing method, can faithfully reproduce the interaction of the external disturbances with the shock, which is so far unknown. This paper is aimed to provide the answer. The interaction of weak disturbances with an oblique shock is investigated, which has a known theoretical solution. Numerical simulation using the shock-capturing method is conducted, and results are compared with those given by theoretical analysis, which shows that the adopted numerical method can faithfully reproduce the interaction of weak external disturbances with the shock.展开更多
The calculation of speed prediction equations has been the subject of numerous researches in the past. The majority of them present models to predict free-flow speed in terms of the road geometry at the curved road se...The calculation of speed prediction equations has been the subject of numerous researches in the past. The majority of them present models to predict free-flow speed in terms of the road geometry at the curved road sections and more specifically in terms of the radiuses of the curves. Common characteristic is that none of them approaches the speed behavior of motorcycles since they are excluded from the datasets of the various studies. Instead, the models usually predict operating speed for other vehicle types such as passenger cars, vans, pickups and trucks. The present paper aims to cover this gap by developing speed prediction equations for motorcycles. For this purpose a new methodology is proposed while field measurements were carried out in order to obtain an adequate dataset of free-flow speeds along the curved sections of three different two lane rural roads. The aforementioned field measurements were conducted by two participants incorporating various road conditions (e.g. light conditions, experience level, familiarity with the routes). The ultimate target was the development of speed prediction equations by calculating the optimum regression curves between the curve radius’ and the corresponding velocities for the different road conditions. The research revealed that the proposed methodology could be used as a very useful tool to investigate motorcyclists’ behavior at curved road sections. Moreover it was feasible to draw conclusions correlating the speed adjustment with the various driving conditions.展开更多
In this paper, the maneuvering characteristics of a low speed submersible are investigated. First, the captive model tests are carried out to obtain the hydrodynamic forces acting on the submersible using a Planar Mot...In this paper, the maneuvering characteristics of a low speed submersible are investigated. First, the captive model tests are carried out to obtain the hydrodynamic forces acting on the submersible using a Planar Motion Mechanism (PMM). For the hydrodynamic forces within a wide range of attack angles, the hydrodynamic coefficients which are usually used in the conventional maneuvering motion are quite difficult to be applied. In this case, a Fourier series is adopted to represent the hydrodynamic forces and it fits the experimental data well. Then, based on the experimental results the simulation calculations are made to predict some of the maneuvering performance of the low speed submersible.展开更多
The effects of hurricane forward speed(V)and approach angle(θ)on storm surge are important and a systematic investigation covering possible and continuous ranges of these parameters has not been done before.Here we p...The effects of hurricane forward speed(V)and approach angle(θ)on storm surge are important and a systematic investigation covering possible and continuous ranges of these parameters has not been done before.Here we present such a study with a numerical experiment using the Finite Volume Community Ocean Model(FVCOM).The hurricane track is simplified as a straight line,such that V andθfully define the motion of the hurricane.The maximum surge is contributed by both free waves and a forced storm surge wave moving with the hurricane.Among the free waves,Kelvin-type waves can only propagate in the down-coast direction.Simulations show that those waves can only have a significant positive storm surge when the hurricane velocity has a down-coast component.The optimal values of V andθthat maximize the storm surge in an idealized semi-circular ocean basin are functions of the bathymetry.For a constant bathymetry,the maximum surge occurs when the hurricane approaches the coast from the normal direction when the free wave generation is minimal;for a stepped bathymetry,the maximum surge occurs at a certain acute approach angle which maximizes the duration of persistent wind forcing;a step-like bathymetry with a sloped shelf is similar to the stepped bathymetry,with the added possibility of landfall resonance when the free and forced waves are moving at about the same velocity.For other cases,the storm surge is smaller,given other parameters(hurricane size,maximum wind speed,etc.)unchanged.展开更多
基金funded by VINNOVA (Sweden’s Innovation Agency) Grant Numbers 2014-04319 and 2012-01277
文摘Catenary-free operated electric trains, as one of the recent technologies in railway transportation, has opened a new field of research: speed profile optimization and energy optimal operation of catenary-free operated electric trains. A well-formulated solution for this problem should consider the characteristics of the energy storage device using validated models and methods. This paper discusses the consideration of the lithium-ion battery behavior in the problem of speed profile optimization of catenary-free operated electric trains. We combine the single mass point train model with an electrical battery model and apply a dynamic programming approach to minimize the charge taken from the battery during the catenary-free operation. The models and the method are validated and evaluated against experimental data gathered from the test runs of an actual battery-driven train tested in Essex, UK. The results show a significant potential in energy saving. Moreover, we show that the optimum speed profiles generated using our approach consume less charge from the battery compared to the previous approaches.
文摘为研究插入道岔施工(Turnout Inserting Construction,TIC)对既有高速道岔锁定轨温(StressFree Rail Temperature of Existing high-speed Turnout,SFRTET)的影响,提出基于双向应变法的锁定轨温变化测试方案,推导不同因素影响下的锁定轨温变化测量原理,确定监测数据的处理方法,并开展道岔锁定轨温变化现场试验研究.研究结果表明:基于锁定轨温变化监测方法确定的传感器安装时轨温与实测数据差异仅1.4%,验证了测试方案的合理性和数据处理方法的正确性;高速道岔的锁定轨温会受插入道岔各工序施工的影响,其在轨道结构拆除、轨道结构施工、道岔形位精调和工电联调3个工序中表现出显著的动态变化特征,即锁定轨温经历多次循环变化才达到稳定状态;既有高速道岔锁定轨温受侧股钢轨重新焊接施工影响最为显著,尤其是靠近焊接位置的侧股钢轨,其锁定轨温变化达12.87℃,建议侧股钢轨重新焊接工序尽可能选择在轨温接近既有道岔原锁定轨温时开展.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11472188 and11332007)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFA0401200)
文摘Transition prediction is of great importance for the design of long distance flying vehicles. It starts from the problem of receptivity, i.e., how external disturbances trigger instability waves in the boundary layer. For super/hypersonic boundary layers, the external disturbances first interact with the shock ahead of the flying vehicles before entering the boundary layer. Since direct numerical simulation （DNS） is the only available tool for its comprehensive and detailed investigation, an important problem arises whether the numerical scheme, especially the shock-capturing method, can faithfully reproduce the interaction of the external disturbances with the shock, which is so far unknown. This paper is aimed to provide the answer. The interaction of weak disturbances with an oblique shock is investigated, which has a known theoretical solution. Numerical simulation using the shock-capturing method is conducted, and results are compared with those given by theoretical analysis, which shows that the adopted numerical method can faithfully reproduce the interaction of weak external disturbances with the shock.
文摘The calculation of speed prediction equations has been the subject of numerous researches in the past. The majority of them present models to predict free-flow speed in terms of the road geometry at the curved road sections and more specifically in terms of the radiuses of the curves. Common characteristic is that none of them approaches the speed behavior of motorcycles since they are excluded from the datasets of the various studies. Instead, the models usually predict operating speed for other vehicle types such as passenger cars, vans, pickups and trucks. The present paper aims to cover this gap by developing speed prediction equations for motorcycles. For this purpose a new methodology is proposed while field measurements were carried out in order to obtain an adequate dataset of free-flow speeds along the curved sections of three different two lane rural roads. The aforementioned field measurements were conducted by two participants incorporating various road conditions (e.g. light conditions, experience level, familiarity with the routes). The ultimate target was the development of speed prediction equations by calculating the optimum regression curves between the curve radius’ and the corresponding velocities for the different road conditions. The research revealed that the proposed methodology could be used as a very useful tool to investigate motorcyclists’ behavior at curved road sections. Moreover it was feasible to draw conclusions correlating the speed adjustment with the various driving conditions.
基金Pre-Research Found of Shipbuilding Industry of China
文摘In this paper, the maneuvering characteristics of a low speed submersible are investigated. First, the captive model tests are carried out to obtain the hydrodynamic forces acting on the submersible using a Planar Motion Mechanism (PMM). For the hydrodynamic forces within a wide range of attack angles, the hydrodynamic coefficients which are usually used in the conventional maneuvering motion are quite difficult to be applied. In this case, a Fourier series is adopted to represent the hydrodynamic forces and it fits the experimental data well. Then, based on the experimental results the simulation calculations are made to predict some of the maneuvering performance of the low speed submersible.
基金The National Key R&D Project under contract No.2017YFC1404201
文摘The effects of hurricane forward speed(V)and approach angle(θ)on storm surge are important and a systematic investigation covering possible and continuous ranges of these parameters has not been done before.Here we present such a study with a numerical experiment using the Finite Volume Community Ocean Model(FVCOM).The hurricane track is simplified as a straight line,such that V andθfully define the motion of the hurricane.The maximum surge is contributed by both free waves and a forced storm surge wave moving with the hurricane.Among the free waves,Kelvin-type waves can only propagate in the down-coast direction.Simulations show that those waves can only have a significant positive storm surge when the hurricane velocity has a down-coast component.The optimal values of V andθthat maximize the storm surge in an idealized semi-circular ocean basin are functions of the bathymetry.For a constant bathymetry,the maximum surge occurs when the hurricane approaches the coast from the normal direction when the free wave generation is minimal;for a stepped bathymetry,the maximum surge occurs at a certain acute approach angle which maximizes the duration of persistent wind forcing;a step-like bathymetry with a sloped shelf is similar to the stepped bathymetry,with the added possibility of landfall resonance when the free and forced waves are moving at about the same velocity.For other cases,the storm surge is smaller,given other parameters(hurricane size,maximum wind speed,etc.)unchanged.
