Impact dynamics analysis of free-floating space manipulator capturing satellite on orbit and robust adaptive compound control algorithm design for suppressing motion

The impact dynamics, impact effect, and post-impact unstable motion sup- pression of free-floating space manipulator capturing a satellite on orbit are analyzed. Firstly, the dynamics equation of free-floating space manipulator is derived using the sec- ond Lagrangian equation. Combining the momentum conservation principle, the impact dynamics and effect between the space manipulator end-effector and satellite of the cap- ture process are analyzed with the momentum impulse method. Focusing on the unstable motion of space manipulator due to the above impact effect, a robust adaptive compound control algorithm is designed to suppress the above unstable motion. There is no need to control the free-floating base position to save the jet fuel. Finally, the simulation is proposed to show the impact effect and verify the validity of the control algorithm.

Singular perturbation composite control of a free-floating flexible dual-arm space robot

The Free-floating Flexible Dual-arm Space Robot is a highly nonlinear and coupled dynamics system. In this paper, the dynamic model is derived of a Free-floating Flexible Dual-arm Space Robot holding a rigid payload. Furthermore, according to the singular perturbation method, the system is separated into a slow subsystem representing rigid body motion of the robot and a fast subsystem representing the flexible link dynamics. For the slow subsystem, based on the second method of Lyapunov, using simple quantitative bounds on the model uncertainties, a robust tracking controller design is used during the trajectory tracking phase. The optimal control method is designed in the fast subsystem to guarantee the exponential stability. With the combination of the two above, the system can track the expected trajectory accurately, even though with uncertainty in model parameters, and its flexible vibration gets suppressed, too. Finally, some simulation tests have been conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

Motion planning for redundant prismatic-jointed manipulators in the free-floating mode

This paper investigates the motion planning of redundant free-floating manipulators with seven prismatic joints. On the earth, prismatic-jointed manipulators could only position their end-effectors in a desired way. However, in space, the end-effectors of free-floating manipulators can achieve both the desired orientation and desired position due to the dynamical coupling between manipulator and satellite movement, which is formally expressed by linear and angular momentum conservation laws. In this study, a tractable algorithm particle swarm optimization combined with differential evolution （PSODE） is provided to deal with the motion planning of redundant free-floating prismatic-jointed manipulators, which could avoid the pseudo inverse of the Jacobian matrix. The polynomial functions, as argument in sine functions are used to specify the joint paths. The co- efficients of the polynomials are optimized to achieve the desired end-effector orientation and position, and simulta- neously minimize the unit-mass-kinetic energy using the redundancy. Relevant simulations prove that this method pro- vides satisfactory smooth paths for redundant free-floating prismatic-jointed manipulators. This study could help to recognize the advantages of redundant prismatic-jointed space manipulators.

Dynamic modeling and RBF neural network compensation control for space flexible manipulator with an underactuated hand

In space operation,flexible manipulators and gripper mechanisms have been widely used because of light weight and flexibility.However,the vibration caused by slender structures in manipulators and the parameter perturbation caused by the uncertainty derived from grasping mass variation cannot be ignored.The existence of vibration and parameter perturbation makes the rotation control of flexible manipulators difficult,which seriously affects the operation accuracy of manipulators.What’s more,the complex dynamic coupling brings great challenges to the dynamics modeling and vibration analysis.To solve this problem,this paper takes the space flexible manipulator with an underactuated hand(SFMUH)as the research object.The dynamics model considering flexibility,multiple nonlinear elements and disturbance torque is established by the assumed modal method(AMM)and Hamilton’s principle.A dynamic modeling simplification method is proposed by analyzing the nonlinear terms.What’s more,a sliding mode control(SMC)method combined with the radial basis function(RBF)neural network compensation is proposed.Besides,the control law is designed using a saturation function in the control method to weaken the chatter phenomenon.With the help of neural networks to identify the uncertainty composition in the SFMUH,the tracking accuracy is improved.The results of ground control experiments verify the advantages of the control method for vibration suppression of the SFMUH.

Terminal sliding mode control for coordinated motion of a space rigid manipulator with external disturbance

The control problem of coordinated motion of a free-floating space rigid manipulator with external disturbance is discussed. By combining linear momentum conversion and the Lagrangian approach, the full-control dynamic equation and the Jacobian relation of a free-floating space rigid manipulator are established and then inverted to the state equation for control design. Based on the terminal sliding mode control （SMC） technique, a mathematical expression of the terminal sliding surface is proposed. The terminal SMC scheme is then developed for coordinated motion between the base＇s attitude and the end-effector of the free-floating space manipulator with external disturbance. This proposed control scheme not only guarantees the existence of the sliding phase of the closed-loop system, but also ensures that the output tracking error converges to zero in finite time. In addition, because the initial system state is always at the terminal sliding surface, the control scheme can eliminate reaching phase of the SMC and guarantee global robustness and stability of the closed-loop system. A planar free-floating space rigid manipulator is simulated to verify the feasibility of the proposed control scheme.

Identification of the state-space model and payload mass parameter of a flexible space manipulator using a recursive subspace tracking method

The on-orbit parameter identification of a space structure can be used for the modification of a system dynamics model and controller coefficients. This study focuses on the estimation of a system state-space model for a two-link space manipulator in the procedure of capturing an unknown object, and a recursive tracking approach based on the recursive predictor-based subspace identification(RPBSID) algorithm is proposed to identify the manipulator payload mass parameter. Structural rigid motion and elastic vibration are separated, and the dynamics model of the space manipulator is linearized at an arbitrary working point(i.e., a certain manipulator configuration).The state-space model is determined by using the RPBSID algorithm and matrix transformation. In addition, utilizing the identified system state-space model, the manipulator payload mass parameter is estimated by extracting the corresponding block matrix. In numerical simulations, the presented parameter identification method is implemented and compared with the classical algebraic algorithm and the recursive least squares method for different payload masses and manipulator configurations. Numerical results illustrate that the system state-space model and payload mass parameter of the two-link flexible space manipulator are effectively identified by the recursive subspace tracking method.

空间柔性机械臂建模、控制以及轨迹规划研究综述

经过几十年的不懈努力,中国航空航天技术日益突进,逐渐走向世界前列。但由于空间环境情况的复杂多变以及柔性臂本身固有的物理属性,常会导致末端执行器发生振动或未按规定路径运动等一系列问题。在简述国内外空间柔性机械臂发展现状的基础上,分析了空间柔性机械臂建模、控制方法以及轨迹规划3个方面的研究现状,并详细调研了相关内容在不同工况下适用的设计方法及其优缺点,以及部分专家学者对该方法的具体应用情况。最后结合上述分析内容,提出了柔性空间机械臂的发展趋势与展望。

柔性关节空间机械臂传感容错无模型自适应控制

针对传感信号畸变、丢失等故障状态严重影响空间机械臂控制系统性能的问题,提出基于空间机械臂运动传感器故障观测的无模型自适应容错控制方法。采用动态线性化和递推参数估计思想设计传感故障监测器,实现对传感畸变及数据丢失等故障的判定,并进行运动状态预测估计;建立包含跟踪误差变化率项的无模型自适应控制准则函数,有效惩罚由传感故障引起的参数估计突变问题;设计面向柔性关节空间机械臂的新型传感容错无模型自适应控制(SFT-MFAC)算法。仿真结果表明,在不同传感故障情况下,所提控制策略均能快速准确识别传感故障信息,避免系统瞬时发散,有效延长系统响应时间,增加控制系统的鲁棒性。

Task Space Division and Trajectory Planning for a Flexible Macro-Micro Manipulator System

This paper deals with a flexible macro-micro manipulator system, which includes a long flexible manipulator and a relatively short rigid manipulator attached to the tip of the macro manipulator. A flexible macro manipulator possesses the advantages of wide operating range, high speed, and low energy consumption, but the disadvantage of a low tracking precision. The macro-micro manipulator system improves tracking performance by compensating for the endpoint tracking error while maintaining the advantages of the flexible macro manipulator. A trajectory planning scheme was built utilizing the task space division method. The division point is chosen to optimize the error compensation and energy consumption for the whole system. Then movements of the macro-micro manipulator can be determined using separate inverse kinematic models. Simulation results for a planar 4-DOF macro-micro manipulator system are presented to show the effectiveness of the control system.

采用模糊补偿滑模控制器的空间柔性机械臂振动抑制方法

空间柔性机械臂可以安装于空间站协助宇航员开展在轨维修、航天器交会对接和太空垃圾捕获等任务。空间柔性机械臂因其细长的结构在运动过程中会出现振动现象,进而影响操作精度和飞行安全。为了减弱空间柔性机械臂的振动,采用模糊补偿滑模控制策略对空间柔性机械臂的旋转运动进行控制。通过提高空间柔性机械臂的转动控制精度间接地减弱振动。首先根据假设模态法描述空间柔性机械臂的变形,使用拉格朗日原理建立了考虑了二维变形的模态和转角耦合的动力学方程。然后,利用模糊规则的万能逼近特性辨识、补偿包括柔性非线性项和外界干扰的动力学模型的不确定成分。接下来,根据李雅普诺夫函数设计模糊补偿滑模控制策略的控制律和自适应律以保证空间柔性机械臂的闭环稳定性。最后,开展了空间柔性机械臂的仿真和物理样机控制试验。试验结果表明,模糊补偿滑模控制策略可以有效地提高空间柔性机械臂的转动控制精度,间接地减弱振动幅值。与传统的滑模控制策略相比,提出的控制策略可以使转角跟踪误差绝对值的平均值下降17.86%,使横向加速度的标准差下降31.91%。

空间站宏微机械臂动力学建模与零反作用控制

为满足空间站宏微机械臂级联在一起运动的任务需求,文章提出一种简化的动力学建模方法。首先利用雅克比矩阵将柔性关节宏机械臂等效为柔性基座,根据柔性基座、刚性微机械臂以及两者之间的耦合作用推导出柔性基座机械臂动力学模型。基于机械臂系统的动力学冗余特性,采用零反作用运动控制法使柔性基座与微机械臂之间运动解耦。文中数学模型的仿真结果与商业软件一致,表明了柔性基座机械臂模型的正确性。另外,将零反作用轨迹跟踪控制法成功应用于该模型,使得微机械臂末端在跟踪期望轨迹的同时完全不会激起基座的弹性变形。

柔性空间机器人振动抑制轨迹规划算法

本文首次提出了一个描述柔性空间机器人振动的可直接计算的激振力指标 ,进而提出了柔性空间机器人抑振轨迹规划算法 .该算法采用均匀非周期四阶 B样条描述机器人的运动轨迹 ,B样条的控制点作为优化参数 ,使用改进的微粒群优化算法 ,以激振力为性能指标对轨迹进行优化求解 .该方法根据激振力指标而不是待定轨迹的控制结果来判定轨迹的抑振性能 ,极大地简化了规划过程 .对柔性双臂空间该机器人的抑振轨迹规划仿真 ,表明优化轨迹取得了良好的振动抑制效果 。

计及关节及杆柔性的空间机械臂抓取控制

针对考虑关节及杆柔性的空间机械臂动力学与抓取控制问题,以三连杆柔性机械臂为研究对象,考虑臂杆的横向弯曲变形、纵向拉伸变形及由于横向变形引起的轴向收缩的二阶耦合量等,并通过引用转子扭簧模型来考虑柔性关节的影响,应用Lagrange方程和假设模态法建立动力学模型。引入"动态抓取域"来描述机械臂的抓取过程,采用关节主动阻尼控制来抑制抓取过程中的碰撞激振力,分析了匀速抓取和加速抓取两种策略的机械臂柔性关节的变形特性。仿真结果表明:关节柔性减小了整体碰撞力,在碰撞过程中起到一定的缓冲作用;加速抓取控制下比匀速抓取控制下的关节变形小,前者整体优于后者。

柔性臂漂浮基空间机器人建模与轨迹跟踪控制

利用拉格朗日法和假设模态方法建立了末端柔性的两臂漂浮基空间机器人的非线性动力学方程.通过坐标变换,推导出一种新的以可测关节角为变量的全局动态模型,并在此基础上运用基于模型的非线性解耦反馈控制方法得到关节相对转角与柔性臂的弹性变形部分解耦形式控制方程.最后,讨论了柔性臂漂浮基空间机器人的轨迹跟踪问题,并通过仿真实例计算,表明该模型转换及控制方法对于柔性臂漂浮基空间机器人末端轨迹跟踪控制的有效性.

漂浮基空间机器人及其柔性影响下逆模神经网络控制

针对漂浮基空间机器人及其柔性影响下动力学模型,提出一种神经网络控制方法,把神经网络和传统反馈PI控制相结合构成一种混合性机器人逆模学习控制方案,并分析此控制方法工作原理。最后给出带两机械臂漂浮基空间机器人的仿真结果。结果表明所应用逆模控制方法具有较快收敛性和较高跟踪控制精度,是一种有效的控制方法。

柔性关节空间机械臂建模、控制与仿真

关节是空间机械臂的核心部件,在机械臂动力学中起着重要的作用。精确的关节动力学模型,是机械臂系统设计、分析和控制的基础。以某空间机械臂原理样机为研究对象,建立了考虑关节柔性和摩擦特性的动力学模型。分别利用扭转刚度测试平台和驱动组件性能测试仪,测得了关节的刚度系数和摩擦系数。并进行了考虑关节力矩饱和非线性的PD控制律设计,同时给出了稳定性证明。为消除动力学方程系数矩阵的时变性和刚度矩阵的奇异性,将动力学方程进行等价变换,从而利用精细积分方法进行数值仿真。仿真结果表明,抗饱和非线性PD控制律能够保证机械臂在负载变化范围内,满足位置控制的精度要求。

考虑谐波传动滞后的柔性空间机械臂运动精度

空间机械臂是完成释放、回收卫星以及空间站在轨装配、维修等多种任务的航天器重要维护工具,其末端执行器运动轨迹的精度优劣直接关系到航天工作任务的成败。现有空间机械臂多采用谐波传动作为减速机构,该减速机构会产生运动滞后效应。结合谐波减速器传动滞后模型,基于Rayleigh-Ritz法给出考虑臂杆柔性与谐波传动运动滞后的动力学方程。提出描述输出误差的精度指标,研究臂杆刚度与滞后相位角对输出精度特性的影响,得到了对空间机械臂工程设计有一定参考意义的结果。

空间双柔性机械臂刚-柔耦合建模及定标误差分析

为研究空间多自由度机械臂在作大范围运动时臂杆柔性和关节柔性对末端定标精度的影响,考虑柔性臂杆的横/侧向弯曲变形所引起轴向伸缩的二次耦合项,采用计入集中质量的转子扭簧模型描述关节的柔性效应;提出了基于臂杆柔性的D-H参数法,递推出空间机械臂的柔性机构运动方程;应用Hamilton原理建立了空间双柔机械臂的一次近似刚-柔耦合动力学方程。对空间六关节双柔机械臂末端定标误差进行仿真,结果表明:臂杆的柔性和关节的柔性在空间机械臂的大范围运动中是相互耦合的;在工程应用中,需要将抓取目标设定在机械臂定标误差较小的方向上,以提高抓捕和操作的成功性。

空间站机械臂转位系统动力学建模及特性分析

为分析空间站在应用机械臂转位过程中的动力学特性,采用矢量力学方法推导了考虑偏心量的空间站转位系统动力学模型。使用有限元方法描述柔性臂的弹性变形,应用Newton-Euler法建立空间站机械臂转位系统转动方程,并采用Lagrange法建立柔性臂振动方程;针对柔性机械臂末端带有大负载的特点,将末端弹性变形引起的负载角速度从负载绝对角速度中分离,应用约束模态展开法对动力学方程进行降阶。提出了构造降维矩阵的方法以便于利用空间动力学模型研究机械臂平面转位问题;分析了空间站舱体转位过程中系统的转动惯量、偏心量发生变化的特性。数值仿真结果表明:空间站在转位过程中,系统总体相对于系统质心的转动惯量变化巨大,且偏心量变化范围甚至已超出了空间站核心舱的几何范围。结论可为空间站的控制系统设计提供理论参考。

柔性臂杆、柔性关节空间机械臂T-S模糊轨迹跟踪及双柔振动并行综合控制

针对存在参数不确定和外界干扰的柔性臂杆、柔性关节空间机械臂追踪期望运动的问题,设计了基于T-S模糊模型的滑模鲁棒控制方案和双柔性振动并行控制方案。首先,设计了关节柔性补偿器以提高系统的等效关节刚度。其次,利用反馈线性化技术建立了系统追踪期望轨迹的误差动力学方程,通过对系统Lyapunov稳定性证明来选择滑模控制参数;简化并改进T-S模糊推理规则,提出了模糊滑模鲁棒控制方法,可解决滑模控制的抖振问题并具有计算量少、控制力矩小的优点。再次,提出了柔性臂杆振动模态的直接反馈控制方案,解决了双柔性并行综合控制的问题。最后,运用逐步仿真的方法,对比仿真结果,证实了所设计轨迹跟踪、双柔性并行综合控制方案的有效性和稳定性。