Multi-modality liver image registration based on multilevel B-splines free-form deformation and L-BFGS optimal algorithm

A new coarse-to-fine strategy was proposed for nonrigid registration of computed tomography(CT) and magnetic resonance(MR) images of a liver.This hierarchical framework consisted of an affine transformation and a B-splines free-form deformation(FFD).The affine transformation performed a rough registration targeting the mismatch between the CT and MR images.The B-splines FFD transformation performed a finer registration by correcting local motion deformation.In the registration algorithm,the normalized mutual information(NMI) was used as similarity measure,and the limited memory Broyden-Fletcher- Goldfarb-Shannon(L-BFGS) optimization method was applied for optimization process.The algorithm was applied to the fully automated registration of liver CT and MR images in three subjects.The results demonstrate that the proposed method not only significantly improves the registration accuracy but also reduces the running time,which is effective and efficient for nonrigid registration.

Real-time accurate Free-Form Deformation in terms of triangular Bézier surfaces

We implemented accurate FFD in terms of triangular Bezier surfaces as matrix multiplications in CUDA and rendered them via OpenGL. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is more efficient than the previous GPU acceleration algorithm and tessel- lation shader algorithms.

TOOTH CROWN DEFORMABLE DESIGN BASED ON DIRECT MANIPULATION OF FFD

A flexible and adaptable design method for the tooth crown is presented based on the direct manipulation of free-form deformation （FFD）. The correct shape of the tooth crown can be obtained by adding, modifying, and deleting constraint points or load points based on stretching and compressing operation. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the method to be efficient.

The Skin Deformation of a 3D Virtual Human

This paper presents a skin deformation algorithm for creating 3D characters or virtual human models. The algorithm can be applied to rigid deformation, joint dependent localized deformation, skeleton driven deformation, cross contour deformation, and free-form deformation （FFD）. These deformations are computed and demonstrated with examples and the algorithm is applied to overcome the difficulties in mechanically simulating the motion of the human body by club-shape models. The techniques described in this article enables the reconstruction of dynamic human models that can be used in defining and representing the geometrical and kinematical characteristics of human motion.

Image Deformation by User-Defined Force Fields

We present a new method for image deformation. The warping technique provides smooth distortion with intuitive and easy manipulation. Driven by a restrained force field, the input image is deformed gradually and continuously. The method allows us to customize the force fields and the region of interest manually through some simple steps. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and convenience of the approach.

直接操作FFD技术在翼型气动优化设计中的应用

几何外形参数化技术在飞行器的气动外形优化设计以及多学科优化设计中是影响其结果和效率的重要因素之一。针对自由变形技术(FFD)无法直接操纵几何外形表面指定点位移的局限性,开展了直接操作FFD技术在翼型参数化及翼型气动优化设计中的应用研究。建立了由翼型表面控制点的位移反求各个FFD控制点位移的求解模式,有效地降低了高阶FFD控制体进行翼型参数化的参数个数,并且具备直接操纵翼型几何外形的能力,更具物理直观性。运用该技术对于跨音速翼型进行了气动减阻设计,显著减小了设计状态下翼型的阻力。

基于FFD技术的民用运输机翼尖装置设计研究

首先探究了融合式翼梢小翼倾斜角、高度以及安装角对民用运输机气动特性的影响。然后基于多区域自由变形(FFD,free form deformation)技术、拉丁超立方取样方法(LHS,latin hypercube sampling)、Kriging代理模型以及改进的粒子群算法构建优化设计系统,对融合式翼梢小翼应用优化系统,通过对FFD控制体框架的合理布置,实现了多个控制框架对融合式翼梢小翼的自由变形参数化设计。优化设计结果表明,设计后的融合式翼梢小翼较原始构型减阻效果有明显改善。并通过与"翼尖延伸"、"涡扩散器"和"双叉弯刀"等3种翼尖装置进行调参对比分析,得出一些对翼尖装置设计具有参考价值的结论。

基于FFD与网格自动重构的吹膜风环出口位置及轮廓优化设计

为了提高薄膜吹塑过程中的膜泡冷却效率与稳定性,基于自由变形与网格重构技术,建立自动仿真流程,利用全局优化算法实现对吹膜风环出口位置及轮廓的优化设计。使用FFD自由变形技术对单口风环出口轮廓进行参数化设计;以初始几何离散点作为输入量,通过B样条曲线插值、计算域分块、子块网格划分与拼接,实现计算域网格自动重构;采用拉丁超立方抽样获取初始样本集,根据样本及对应响应值建立代理模型,基于代理模型建立全局优化算法,对风环出口位置及轮廓进行优化设计。结果表明,优化后的风环改变了冷却空气到达膜面的方式,在维持同水平冷却效率的同时,膜泡外表面静压差值降低60%,膜泡稳定性得到改善。

An investigation on adaptively machining the leading and tailing edges of an SPF/DB titanium hollow blade using free-form deformation

Titanium hollow blades are characterized with lightweight and high structural strength, which are widely used in advanced aircraft engines nowadays. Superplastic forming/diffusion bonding （SPF/DB） combined with numerical control （NC） milling is a major solution for manufacturing titanium hollow blades. Due to the shape deviation caused by multiple heat and pressure cycles in the SPF/DB process, it is hard to manufacture the leading and tailing edges by the milling process. This paper presents a new adaptive machining approach using free-form deformation to solve this problem. The actual SPF/DB shape of a hollow blade was firstly inspected by an on-machine measurement method. The measured point data were matched to the nominal SPF/DB shape with an improved ICP algorithm afterwards, by which the point-pairs between the measurement points and their corresponding points on the nominal SPF/DB shape were established, and the maximum modification amount of the final nominal shape was constrained. Based on the displacements between the point-pairs, an accurate FFD volume was iteratively calculated. By embedding the final nominal shape in the deformation space, a new final shape of the hollow blade was built. Finally, a series of measurement and machining tests was performed, the results of which validated the feasibility of the proposed adaptive machining approach.

Free-Form Deformation with Rational DMS-Spline Volumes

In this paper, we propose a novel free-form deformation （FFD） technique, RDMS-FFD （Rational DMS-FFD）, based on rational DMS-spline volumes. RDMS-FFD inherits some good properties of rational DMS-spline volumes and combines more deformation techniques than previous FFD methods in a consistent framework, such as local deformation, control lattice of arbitrary topology, smooth deformation, multiresolution deformation and direct manipulation of deformation. We first introduce the rational DMS-spline volume by directly generalizing the previous results related to DMS-splines. How to generate a tetrahedral domain that approximates the shape of the object to be deformed is also introduced in this paper. Unlike the traditional FFD techniques, we manipulate the vertices of the tetrahedral domain to achieve deformation results. Our system demonstrates that RDMS-FFD is powerful and intuitive in geometric modeling.

An Efficient Optimization Design Framework for Low-Resistance Shape of Bionic Amphibious Robot

To realize the low-resistance shape optimization design of amphibious robots,an efficient optimization design framework is proposed to improve the geometric deformation flexibility and optimization efficiency.In the proposed framework,the free-form deformation parametric model of the flat slender body is established and an analytical calculation method for the height constraints is derived.CFD method is introduced to carry out the high-precision resistance calculation and a constrained Kriging-based optimization method is built to improve the optimization efficiency by circularly infilling the new sample points which satisfying the constraints.Finally,the shape of an amphibious robot example is optimized to get the low-resistance shape and the results demonstrate that the presented optimization design framework has the advantages of simplicity,flexibility and high efficiency.

基于自由变形技术的Ahmed模型气动减阻优化

针对目前汽车气动减阻中基于工程师经验的试凑法所存在的盲目性和低效率,以及气动优化设计中车身曲面难于参数化等问题,将自由变形方法引入汽车气动减阻优化设计中,为减阻优化设计提供一种快速、有效的参数化方法.文中以外形简单的Ahmed模型为研究对象,根据正交试验设计构建样本空间,采用FFD方法对各样本点模型进行参数化,通过CFD仿真获得各样本的气动阻力系数;建立3种常用的近似模型,选择可信度最高的RBF模型构建近似模型,采用多岛遗传算法求解近似模型的最优值,根据优化结果重新构建最优模型并采用CFD计算其气动阻力系数.计算结果显示优化后的Ahmed模型气动阻力系数减少了51.96%.

地下圆形隧道自由变形法的力法推导及例证

自由变形法是地下压力拱(隧道衬砌)结构内力计算的基本方法之一,适用于淤泥、流沙、完全塑形或软土介质等理想松软地层的水下隧道或软塑土层压力拱的内力计算。本文推导出整体圆形衬砌自由变形法内力计算的力法过程及其严格理论解,为后续发展的弹性抗力、椭圆变形、弹性铰等同类方法提供对比参考,以明确公式计算的理论来源,便于理论拓展。通过实例对比地铁浅埋衬砌压力拱自由变形法的理论计算、实测与数值模拟。结果显示,该方法进行整体式衬砌的内力计算过程明确,其理论结果可应用于狮子洋半岩半土复合地层及南京地铁砂性土及黏性土层衬砌计算,可为类似工程设计必要的理论包络值提供参考,具有一定的工程实用性。

基于B样条的弹性配准在放疗CBCT与CT图像配准中的应用研究

目的:应用B样条弹性模型研究肿瘤患者放疗中锥形束CT图像与CT图像之间的弹性配准。方法:利用B样条自由弹性模型,以灰度差平方和为相似性测度函数,通过基于多分辨率的B样条弹性配准方法对锥形束CT图像与CT图像进行配准。结果:通过处理后的锥形束CT与CT图像虽然成像算法不同,但都得到较为理想的弹性配准实验结果。结论:基于B样条锥形束CT与CT图像弹性配准能较好地建模放疗前与放疗期间肿瘤区域的形变,为临床分析肿瘤的变化提供支持。

汉语三维发音动作合成和动态模拟

本文以帮助聋儿言语康复为出发点,从聋儿音频发音数据中获得了聋儿易错发音文本以及聋儿易混淆发音文本对。设计了一个数据驱动的3D说话人头发音系统,该系统以EMA AG500设备采集的发音动作为驱动数据,逼真模拟了汉语的发音,从而可使聋儿观察到说话人嘴唇及舌头的运动情况,辅助聋儿发音训练,纠正易错发音。最后对系统的性能进行了人工评测,结果表明:3D说话人头发音系统可以有效地模拟说话人发音时口腔内外器官的发音动作。此外,本文还用基于音素的CM协同发音模型合成的方法,合成了聋儿易错发音文本的发音动动作,并用RMS度量了合成发音动作与真实发音动作的误差,得到了均值为1.25mm的RMS误差值。

自由网格变形技术在涡轮叶片多学科设计优化过程中的应用

在涡轮叶片多学科设计优化过程中,结构计算的变形向气动模型传递是解决气固耦合时非常重要的一个环节。本文研究了一种网格变形技术———自由网格变形法(FFD)在涡轮叶片多学科设计优化(MDO)过程中的应用。通过涡轮叶片结构模型至气动模型变形传递的例子,表明应用该技术进行变形传递可以避免结构变形向气动网格传递时的气动网格重生成过程,在保证变形后气动模型网格质量的条件下,实现学科间的变形传递,可直接用于解决涡轮叶片MDO过程中学科间解耦的问题。

船艏UV度对参数横摇薄弱性的影响

[目的]以船艏UV度为对象探究其对参数横摇薄弱性的影响。[方法]选取集装箱船、渔政船和渔船这3种不同类型的船舶为母型船,应用自由曲面变换(free-form deformation,FFD)法,改变母型船艏部UV度,生成3个系列共15艘新船型,采用本课题组前期开发的参数横摇薄弱性校核程序对该系列船型进行参数横摇薄弱性计算,并对计算结果进行分析。[结果]结果显示,船艏型线由V型向U型变化时船舶参数横摇薄弱性变好。[结论]所做研究可为参数横摇薄弱性衡准在国内的推广应用提供技术依据,也可为船体型线设计提供参考。

引入边缘信息度量的自由形变图像配准

针对形变图像配准问题,提出一种新的图像配准算法.配准算法采用基于B样条的多分辨率网格自由形变(FFD)的图像形变建模,用于解决局部形变的图像配准问题.为了改善局部形变图像的配准精度,在MSD度量标准中引入边缘配准测度,提出了一种改进的图像相似性度量方法,强调了边缘信息对配准的贡献.为了解决形变图像的局部配准问题,设计了一种可选择的交互式配准方法,用于图像配准后,进一步减少局部区域的配准误差.实验结果验证了本文方法有很好的配准精度,得到平滑、连续且一对一映射的变换域.

基于二维三维配准的股骨三维模型重建

介绍了一种利用两张常规X光照片和标准骨模型对股骨三维模型进行快速重建的方法。从两个正交方向拍摄X光片,并记录X光片拍摄的参数信息;利用二维/三维配准算法建立了二维X光片与三维标准模型之间的对应关系。提出了基于FFD算法的单位自由变形方法对标准模型进行重建,最终使得X光片外轮廓与标准模型模拟投影轮廓一致,从而获得个性化的股骨三维模型。针对35个样本设计了全面的实验,最终得到全骨的二维点配对平均时间为20s,平均重建时间为112s;三维模型的外形平均误差为0.52mm,且精度和速度均保持稳定,具有良好的鲁棒性。该快速长骨重建方法减少了重建时间,具有较高的重建精度,同时具有良好的稳定性,在临床应用和相关科学研究中具有很好的应用前景。

飞机曲面造型中的自由变形方法

介绍了CAD／CAM系统中的一种最新的几何造型方法──自由变形方法（FFD）。该方法在飞机曲面外形设计初期，可以直观、简洁、方便地获得高阶连续的曲面实体，同时本文还系统论述了自由变形方法的特点，最后给出了利用该方法和有理Bezier方法在构造飞机翼身融合体曲面时的特征对比，从应用中得出自由变形方法具有广阔的发展前景。