An Efficient Optimization Design Framework for Low-Resistance Shape of Bionic Amphibious Robot

To realize the low-resistance shape optimization design of amphibious robots,an efficient optimization design framework is proposed to improve the geometric deformation flexibility and optimization efficiency.In the proposed framework,the free-form deformation parametric model of the flat slender body is established and an analytical calculation method for the height constraints is derived.CFD method is introduced to carry out the high-precision resistance calculation and a constrained Kriging-based optimization method is built to improve the optimization efficiency by circularly infilling the new sample points which satisfying the constraints.Finally,the shape of an amphibious robot example is optimized to get the low-resistance shape and the results demonstrate that the presented optimization design framework has the advantages of simplicity,flexibility and high efficiency.

Optimization and Characterization of Combined Degumming Process of Typha angustata L. Stem Fibers

Plant derived natural fibers have been widely investigated as alternatives to synthetic fibers in reinforcing polymers.Researchers over the years have explored many plant fibers using different extraction processes to study their physical,chemical,and mechanical properties.In this context,the present study relates to the extraction,characterization,and optimization of Typha angustata L.stem fibers.For this purpose,desirability functions and response surface methodology were applied to simultaneously optimize the diameter(D),linear density(LD);yield(Y),lignin fraction(L),and tenacity(T)of Typha stem fibers.Typha stems have been subjected to both alkali(NaOH)and enzymatic(pectinex ultra-SPL)treatments.Three levels of process variables including enzyme concentration(10,15,and 20 ml/L)and treatment duration(10,15,and 20 days)were used to design the experiments according to the factorial design.Experimental results were examined by analysis of variance and fitted to second order polynomial model using multiple regression analysis.The Derringer’s desirability function released that the values of process variables generating optimized diameter,linear density,yield,lignin ratio and tenacity are 20 ml/L and 20 days for concentration of pectinex ultra-SPL enzyme and treatment duration,respectively.Confirmation was performed and high degree of correlation was found between the experimental and statistical values.Moreover,the morphological structure has been investigated by the scanning electron microscope,showing a crenelated structure of ultimate fiber bundles of cellulose composing the Typha fiber.Compared to Typha stem non-treated fibers(TSNTF),Typha stem combined treated fibers(TSCTF),brings to improve mechanical properties.This change in mechanical properties is affected by modifying the fiber structure showing alpha cellulose of(66.86%)and lignin ratio of(10.83%)with a crystallinity index of(58.47%).

Optimization of AZ80 magnesium alloy squeeze cast process parameters using morphological matrix

The squeeze cast process parameters of AZ80 magnesium alloy were optimized by morphological matrix. Experiments were conducted by varying squeeze pressure, die pre-heat temperature and pressure duration using L9（33） orthogonal array of Taguchi method. In Taguchi method, a 3-level orthogonal array was used to determine the signal/noise ratio. Analysis of variance was used to determine the most significant process parameters affecting the mechanical properties. Mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength, elongation and hardness of the components were ascertained using multi variable linear regression analysis. Optimal squeeze cast process parameters were obtained.

Accurate Evaluation of Free-form Surface Profile Error Based on Quasi Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm and Surface Subdivision

Although significant progress has been made in precision machining of free-form surfaces recently, inspection of such surfaces remains a difficult problem. In order to solve the problem that no specific standards for the verification of free-form surface profile are available, the profile parameters of free-form surface are proposed by referring to ISO standards regarding form tolerances and considering its complexity and non-rotational symmetry. Non-uniform rational basis spline（NURBS） for describing free-form surface is formulated. Crucial issues in surface inspection and profile error verification are localization between the design coordinate system（DCS） and measurement coordinate system（MCS） for searching the closest points on the design model corresponding to measured points. A quasi particle swarm optimization（QPSO） is proposed to search the transformation parameters to implement localization between DCS and MCS. Surface subdivide method which does the searching in a recursively reduced range of the parameters u and v of the NURBS design model is developed to find the closest points. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods, the design model is generated by NURBS and the measurement data of simulation example are generated by transforming the design model to arbitrary position and orientation, and the parts are machined based on the design model and are measured on CMM. The profile errors of simulation example and actual parts are calculated by the proposed method. The results verify that the evaluation precision of freeform surface profile error by the proposed method is higher 10%-22% than that by CMM software. The proposed method deals with the hard problem that it has a lower precision in profile error evaluation of free-form surface.

A new approach for flow simulation in complex hydraulic fracture morphology and its application:Fracture connection element method

Efficient flow simulation and optimization methods of hydraulic fracture morphology in unconventional reservoirs are effective ways to enhance oil/gas recovery.Based on the connection element method(CEM)and distribution of stimulated reservoir volume,the complex hydraulic fracture morphology was accurately described using heterogeneous node connection system.Then a new fracture connection element method(FCEM)for fluid flow in stimulated unconventional reservoirs with complex hydraulic fracture morphology was proposed.In the proposed FCEM,the arrangement of dense nodes in the stimulated area and sparse nodes in the unstimulated area ensures the calculation accuracy and efficiency.The key parameter,transmissibility,was also modified according to the strong heterogeneity of stimulated reservoirs.The finite difference and semi-analytical tracking were used to accurately solve the pressure and saturation distribution between nodes.The FCEM is validated by comparing with traditional numerical simulation method,and the results show that the bottom hole pressure simulated by the FCEM is consistent with the results from traditional numerical simulation method,and the matching rate is larger than 95%.The proposed FCEM was also used in the optimization of fracturing parameters by coupling the hydraulic fracture propagation method and intelligent optimization algorithm.The integrated intelligent optimization approach for multi-parameters,such as perforation number,perforation location,and displacement in hydraulic fracturing is proposed.The proposed approach was applied in a shale gas reservoir,and the result shows that the optimized perforation location and morphology distribution are related to the distribution of porosity/permeability.When the perforation location and displacement are optimized with the same fracture number,NPV increases by 70.58%,which greatly improves the economic benefits of unconventional reservoirs.This work provides a new way for flow simulation and optimization of hydraulic fracture morphology of multi-fractured horizontal wells in unconventional reservoirs.

Optimization Strategy for Passive Form Design of Architectural Grey Space under the Background of Climate Adaptability

Taking the bottom grey space with great influence on outdoor thermal comfort as the research object,this paper summarizes the morphological characteristics and climate response methods of two types of bottom grey space:overhead grey space and canopy grey space.The spatial form indexes that greatly affect the ecological performance of architectural grey space such as ventilation,shading,etc.are discussed,and two passive spatial form indexes of spatial scale and location orientation are studied.According to the research of related scholars and literature summary,the optimization strategies for passive form design of architectural grey space based on climate adaptability are put forward,which will provide a reference for the climate adaptive design of architectural grey space,and helps to improve the outdoor thermal environment from the micro scale and create a better living environment.

Study on Productivity Model of Herringbone-Like Laterals Wells and Optimization of Morphological Parameters Considering Threshold Pressure Gradient in Heavy Oil Reservoirs

Compared with conventional well, herringbone-like laterals wells can increase the area of oil release, and can reduce the number of wellhead slots of platforms,?and?also can greatly improve the development efficiency. Based on threshold pressure gradient in heavy oil reservoir,?and?the applied principle of mirror reflection and superposition, the pressure distribution equation of herringbone-like laterals wells is obtained in heavy oil reservoir. Productivity model of herringbone-like laterals wells is proposed by reservoir-wellbore steady seepage. The example shows that the productivity model is great accuracy?to?predict the productivity of herringbone-like laterals wells. The model is used to analyze the branching length, branching angle, branching symmetry, branching position and spacing and their effects on productivity of herringbone-like laterals wells. The principle of optimizing the well shape of herringbone-like laterals wells is proposed.

Hybrid optimization model of product concepts

Deficiencies of applying the simple genetic algorithm to generate concepts were specified. Based on analyzing conceptual design and the morphological matrix of an excavator, the hybrid optimization model of generating its concepts was proposed, viz. an improved adaptive genetic algorithm was applied to explore the excavator concepts in the searching space of conceptual design, and a neural network was used to evaluate the fitness of the population. The optimization of generating concepts was finished through the ＂evolution - evaluation＂ iteration. The results show that by using the hybrid optimization model, not only the fitness evaluation and constraint conditions are well processed, but also the search precision and convergence speed of the optimization process are greatly improved. An example is presented to demonstrate the advantages of the orooosed method and associated algorithms.

The impact of urban morphology on multiple ecological effects:Coupling relationships and collaborative optimization strategies

Urban morphology significantly affects the ecological effects of urban heat islands,ventilation,and atmospheric pollution.Here,we reveal the mechanisms linking the ecological effects of urban morphology to develop a planning approach for the collaborative optimization of multiple ecological effects.Considering Shenyang,a cold city in northern China,as the study area,a multiple regression model of morphological parameters and ecological effects was established,and the impact of morphological parameters on ecological effects was explored.The results show that the aspect ratio of the streets,building density,and vegetation coverage are sensitive to multiple ecological effects.The inflection point of the ecological effect function curve occurs when the aspect ratio of the building and building density are 0.2 and 0.3,respectively.In addition,for optimal design applications in typical areas of the city,to obtain a Pareto-optimal urban morphology,Grasshopper is used to establish a parametric platform,wherein a genetic algorithm solves the multiple regression equation set.Ultimately,five ecological effect indicators are optimized and show 8.4%,5.0%,31.6%,33.1%,and 12.5%improvement.The study effectively constructs a collaborative optimization planning and design method for multiple ecological effects.

Halogenated thiophene substitutions on quinoxaline unit to achieve morphology optimization in efficient organic solar cells

Halogenated thiophenes are generally used units for constructing organic semiconductor materials for photovoltaic applications.Here,we introduced thiophene,2-bromothiophene,and 2-chlorothiophene units to the central core of quinoxaline-based acceptors and obtained three acceptors,Qx-H,Qx-Br,and Qx-Cl,respectively.Compared with Qx-H,Qx-Br and Qx-Cl showed enhanced absorption,down-shifted energy levels,improved crystallinity,and reduced energy disorder.The improved crystallinity significantly optimized the blend morphology,leading to efficient charge generation and transport and,therefore,less bimolecular recombination.Eventually,PM6:Qx-Br-based devices exhibited an outstanding power conversion efficiency of 17.42%with a high open-circuit voltage(VOC)of 0.915 V.Furthermore,Y6 was introduced into the PM6:Qx-Br binary system to improve the light utilization,and the resulting ternary devices delivered a high PCE of 18.36%.This study demonstrated the great potential of halogenated thiophene substitution in quinoxaline-based acceptors for building high-performance organic solar cell acceptor materials.

非线性曲面梁形态优化及恒压支撑装置设计

基于超前支护设备顶梁支撑结构研究一种恒压支撑装置的设计方法,恒压支撑装置由正刚度线性弹簧、负刚度非线性平面曲梁及承压气囊组合而成。通过对巷道顶板应力场分析,得到支撑结构的边界条件;利用B样条曲线简述负刚度非线性平面曲梁的特点;基于遗传算法与非线性有限元法对负刚度非线性平面曲梁进行形态优化设计;依据恒压支撑装置的工作原理,对线性螺旋弹簧刚度/强度特性进行分析与设计;对恒压支撑装置的零部组件进行设计,实现支撑装置输出压强大小恒定及自我保护功能。恒压支撑装置设计方法为综掘巷道超前支护研制提供了有力技术支撑。

鱼骨型分支井SAGD分支形态优化及采出程度变化规律

风城油田低物性段普遍发育,储层非均质性严重。鱼骨型分支井SAGD通过分支深入储集层可改善常规SAGD蒸汽腔扩展受限的问题。为了达到最佳开采效果,有必要对鱼骨型分支井SAGD的分支形态进行优化,并掌握影响采出程度变化的规律。为此,利用油藏数值模拟及正交实验设计的手段,确定分支参数对提高采出程度具有敏感性,并优化分支参数,分析不同储层物性下分支参数对采出程度的影响规律。将研究成果应用于风城油田,该研究区块的最佳井型部署方案为:分支长度为120 m、分支数量为4条、分支角度为75°、分支异侧为非对称分布、分支间距为100 m。通过研究可知,各分支参数的影响权重以储层渗透率2.0 D为明显的分界点:当储层渗透率小于2.0 D时,主要影响因素为分支长度、分支数量;储层渗透率为2.0 D时,分支角度、分支间距的作用开始变强。研究成果对风城油田SAGD驱进一步提高采收率具有重要的指导意义。

基于节能导向的寒冷地区医院建筑形态多目标寻优技术研究

建筑设计行业面临着能源需求不断增长的挑战,建筑模拟被广泛用于后期设计阶段.虽然早期阶段的设计已被证实会对建筑的整体性能产生重要影响,其在早期阶段设计决策对最终的建筑性能和成本有重大影响,但其应用仍然是有限的.本文提出了一种新的设计模拟方法,以节能导向为目标,遗传算法Octopus为工具,参数化模拟Grasshopper为平台,寒冷地区为背景,将参数化建模与多目标优化结合起来,以便实现快速迭代和权衡分析.综合考虑医院建筑功能的特殊性和多项限制条件,从总图布局、建筑单体和建筑局部三个方面分别进行变量控制,将节能纳入早期建筑设计的考虑要素中,并将医院建筑形态多目标寻优技术应用于实际工程项目中,有助于建立一套目标导向-自动寻优-设计决策的仿真模拟框架,该框架有利于主动、智能和基于经验的建筑仿真模拟,有助于在建筑设计早期做出决策.

AlSi10Mg选区激光熔化表面粗糙度预测、优化及表面形貌分析

目的选区激光熔化制造过程相当复杂,通过理论模型去研究表面粗糙度较为困难,因此采用数据驱动的方式进行研究是一种可行的方案。方法基于麻雀算法优化双向长短期记忆网络来预测表面粗糙度,并对比验证该模型的适用性。首先进行三因素四水平全因素试验,其次,以激光功率、扫描速度、扫描间距为输入,以粗糙度为输出,建立模型。然后,利用遗传算法优化预测模型,从而获得最佳工艺参数组合。最后,分析不同工艺参数下成形零件的表面形貌,探究各参数及其耦合关系对表面质量的影响。结果最佳工艺参数为扫描间距0.12 mm、扫描速度1800 mm/s、激光功率280 W,预测表面粗糙度为10.407μm,调整工艺参数进行实验,得到的样件的平均表面粗糙度为10.897μm,与预测值相比,误差仅为4.5%。工艺参数对表面形貌的影响从大到小的顺序为扫描速度、激光功率、扫描间距,各因素间存在耦合作用,且共同影响激光能量密度,能量密度过高、过低均会使表面形貌恶化。结论基于麻雀算法优化双向长短期记忆网络构建的数据驱动预测模型适用于粗糙度的预测与优化,能够实现对样件表面粗糙度的精准预测,可以指导实践,保证加工质量。

城-景环游:滨江环湖城市中心区的形态优化研究

滨江环湖城市中心区因其自然形态与城市形态相互融合,具有湖面水体开阔、观景点位自由、界面环形观览、视廊通透绵长的观赏特点。作为滨水中心区的典型类型,如何依托其滨江环湖的双重特点进行设计优化是当前研究的重点。聚焦滨江环湖城市中心区,基于国内外相关研究对其景观要素进行梳理并总结出4类特征,即前景开阔、动态观览、环形画卷、视野通透。进而结合其景观特征分别从点景、叠景、透景3个维度进行标志高层、观赏界面、景观视廊的设计优化。以重庆市万州中心区作为实证案例,对滨水界面进行设计优化,依托功能和类型合理布局标志建筑,结合自然要素打造城市超级视廊,以期为滨江环湖城市中心区形态优化提供设计方法及策略参考,提升城市空间品质。

一株链霉菌的鉴定及其产格尔德霉素的发酵工艺研究

【目的】对链霉菌Streptomyce sp.FIM18-0592进行菌种鉴定,并对其胞外格尔德霉素产量进行发酵工艺优化,旨在提高产量并降低发酵成本。【方法】通过形态特征、培养特征和生理生化特性,结合16S rDNA序列分析构建系统发育树进行菌种鉴定;采用单因素试验优化培养条件及培养基配方,进一步使用最陡爬坡试验和响应面试验优化培养基配方的含量。【结果】通过对链霉菌FIM18-0592的形态特征、培养特征及生理生化特征进行初步培养观察发现,其在ISP2等培养基上生长较好,气生菌丝旺盛,产黑色素。结合16S rDNA分子鉴定,确定该菌为格尔德霉素链霉菌(Streptomyces geldanamycininus)。通过单因素试验对发酵条件以及培养基配方进行优化,得到最适宜菌株发酵的培养条件为转速140 r/min、装液量12%(体积分数)、接种量7%(体积分数)、培养时间144 h。最佳的碳源、氮源、无机盐分别为葡萄糖、黄豆饼粉和硫酸铵。采用最陡爬坡试验和响应面优化试验确定了其最优的发酵培养基为:葡萄糖10.42%、黄豆饼粉1.68%、硫酸铵0.3%、乳酸0.3%、甘油4%、硫酸镁0.1%、碳酸钙0.4%,在此条件下,格尔德霉素的发酵效价达到2887μg/mL,较原始发酵工艺效价提高了66%。【结论】链霉菌FIM18-0592为格尔德霉素链霉菌,通过对其发酵工艺进行优化显著提高格尔德霉素的产量,为格尔德霉素及其衍生物的开发和利用奠定基础。

水土中抗生素赋存形态提取方法的优化与应用

为优化水土中抗生素赋存形态的提取方法,选取典型抗生素诺氟沙星(NOR)、土霉素(OTC)和磺胺甲噁唑(SMX)为研究对象,通过改进固相萃取参数和色谱条件,确立高效提取方法。研究结果表明:结合絮凝法絮凝12 h可高效分离水中抗生素的不同形态;当固液比为1∶10时,连续超声萃取法可高效分离土中抗生素的不同形态;研究区NOR水溶态含量分布不均,OTC各形态含量差异较大,SMX以可交换态、吸附态为主;水土中抗生素各赋存形态提取后回收率均大于80%,且回收能力大小依次为SMX>NOR>OTC。该研究结果可为其他抗生素赋存形态提取和抗生素生态风险评估提供一定理论依据。

基于硅基过滤片的精子优选芯片设计与优化

利用半导体工艺技术构建了一种基于硅基过滤片的精子优选微流控芯片,具有高活力的精子会克服重力,在微孔的引导下游向精子收集池。分别在7,15,30,60 min对收集池中的精子取样,采用计算机辅助精子分析(CASA)系统进行精液常规检测、精子形态学和DNA碎片分析;对硅基过滤片的孔间距和筛选时间进行了优化。结果表明:6μm孔间距和15 min筛选时间为最佳的精子优选方案。所构建的基于硅基过滤片的精子优选芯片,可以有效优选出具有高活力且DNA完整性和形态正常率较高的精子。芯片精液吞吐量大,活动精子回收率较高,有一定的临床价值,同时提供了一种简单易操作的标准化精子优选流程。

基于GWO-RFR的激光熔覆多道成形层形貌的预测方法

激光熔覆多道成形层形貌受激光熔覆过程中多个工艺参数的综合影响,为获得良好的熔覆层形貌,提出了一种基于灰狼优化(GWO)算法优化随机森林回归(RFR)算法(GWO-RFR)的激光熔覆多道成形层形貌预测方法。以12Cr13不锈钢为基体,Fe60为熔覆粉末,设计试错法结合中心复合实验,测量成形层宽高比和稀释率。基于多道激光熔覆实验数据,建立激光熔覆工艺参数与成形层形貌间的GWO-RFR回归预测模型,并与RFR模型、响应面模型(RSM)的预测结果进行比较。结果表明:与RFR模型和RSM模型相比,GWO-RFR模型的预测结果和评价指标均优于RFR模型和RSM模型,GWO-RFR预测模型能够更准确地预测熔覆层形貌,更接近实际值,可为获得优异的激光熔覆多道成形层形貌提供理论依据。

Optimizing urban block morphologies for net-zero energy cities:Exploring photovoltaic potential and urban design prototype

The morphology of urban areas plays a crucial role in determining solar potential,which directly affects photovoltaic capacity and the achievement of net-zero outcomes.This study focuses on the City of Melbourne to investigate the utilization of solar energy across different urban densities and proposes optimized morphologies.The analysis encompasses blocks with diverse population densities,examining medium and high-density areas.By utilizing a multi-objective genetic optimization approach,the urban morphology of these blocks is refined.The findings indicate that low-density blocks exhibit photovoltaic potential ranging from 1 to 6.6 times their total energy consumption.Medium and high-density blocks achieve photovoltaic potential levels approximately equivalent to 40%-85%of their overall energy consumption.Moreover,significant variations in photovoltaic potential are observed among different urban forms within medium and high-density blocks.An“elevated corners with central valley”prototype is proposed as an effective approach,enhancing the overall photovoltaic potential by approximately 14%.This study introduces novel analytical concepts,shedding light on the intricate relationship between urban morphologies and photovoltaic potential.