Influence of magnesium and aluminum salts on hydrolysis of titanyl sulfate solution

The influence of magnesium and aluminum salts as impurities on the hydrolysis of titanyl sulfate was investigated.The degree of TiOSO4 conversion to hydrated titanium dioxide（HTD） and the particle size of HTD were measured as functions of the concentrations of MgSO4 and Al2（SO4）3 in the TiOSO4 solution.The Boltzmann growth model,which focuses on two main parameters,namely the concentrations of Mg2＋ and Al3＋（ρ（Mg2＋） and ρ（Al3＋）,respectively）,fits the data from the hydrolysis process well with R20.988.The samples were characterized by ICP,SEM,XRD,and laser particle size analyzer.It is found that the addition of Mg SO4 simultaneously improves the hydrolysis ratio and the hydrolysis rate,especially when F（the mass ratio of H2SO4 to TiO2） is high,hydrolysis ratio increases from 42.8% to 83.0%,whereas the addition of Al2（SO4）3 has negligible effect on the chemical kinetics of HTD precipitation during the hydrolysis process,hydrolysis ratio increases from 42.8% to 51.9%.An investigation on the particle size of HTD reveals that the addition of Mg SO4 and Al2（SO4）3 clearly increases the size of the crystallites and decreases the size of the aggregates.

SURFACE ANALYSIS OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS INFLUENCED BY SULFATE- REDUCING BACTERIA

The morphology and chemical compositions of surface and corrosion phases for two aluminum alloys(7075 and 2024 ) in the aqueous mediums containing sulfate reducing bacteria(SRB) were studied by the methods of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x ray analysis (EDXA). The results showed that serious pitting corrosion took place when aluminum alloys were exposed in the mediums containing SRB, whereas no pitting corrosion were found on the surfaces of aluminum alloys only exposed in blank mediums non containing SRB. It was demonstrated with EDXA that corrosion of aluminum alloys exposed in the solutions containing SRB, whereas the corrosion in the solution non containing microorganisms was attributed to the presence of chloride ions(Cl ).

Liver injury after aluminum potassium sulfate and tannic acid treatment of hemorrhoids

We are reporting a rare case of acute liver injury that developed after an internal hemorrhoid treatment with the aluminum potassium sulfate and tannic acid(ALTA) regimen. A 41-year-old man developed a fever and liver injury after undergoing internal hemorrhoid treatment with a submucosal injection of ALTA with lidocaine. The acute liver injury was classified clinically as hepatocellular and pathologically as cholestastic. We could not classify the mechanism of injury. High eosinophil and immunoglobulin E levels characterized the injury,and a drug lymphocyte stimulation test was negative on postoperative day 25. Fluid replacement for two weeks after hospitalization improved the liver injury. ALTA therapy involves injecting chemicals into the submucosa,from the rectum to the anus,and this is the first description of a case that developed a severe liver disorder after this treatment; hence,an analysis of future cases as they accumulate is desirable.

Aluminum potassium sulfate and tannic acid sclerotherapy for Goligher Grades Ⅱ and Ⅲ hemorrhoids: Results from a multicenter study

AIM: To show that aluminum potassium sulfate and tannic acid(ALTA) sclerotherapy has a high success rate for Grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ hemorrhoids.METHODS: This study was based on the clinical data of 604 patients with hemorrhoids who underwent ALTA sclerotherapy between January 2009 and February 2015. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of this treatment for Grades Ⅱ and Ⅲ hemorrhoids. Preoperative and postoperative symptoms, complications and success rate were all assessed retrospectively. Follow-up consisted of a simple questionnaire, physical examination and an anoscopy. Patients were followed-up at one day, one week, two weeks, one month, one year, two years, three years, four years and five years after the ALTA sclerotherapy.RESULTS: One hundred and sixty-nine patients were diagnosed with Grade Ⅱ hemorrhoids and 435 patients were diagnosed with Grade Ⅲ hemorrhoids. The one year, three year and five year cumulative success rates of ALTA sclerotherapy for Grades Ⅱ and Ⅲ hemo-rrhoids were 95.9% and 93.1%; 89.3% and 83.7%; and 89.3% and 78.2%, respectively. No significant differences were observed in the cumulative success rates after ALTA sclerotherapy between Grades Ⅱ and Ⅲ hemorrhoids(P = 0.09). There were forty-seven post-operative complications(low grade fever; anal pain; urinary retention; rectal ulcer; and others). No serious or life-threatening complications occurred and all cases improved through conservative treatment. At univariate analysis there were no predictive factors of failure.CONCLUSION: ALTA sclerotherapy has had a high success rate for Grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ hemorrhoids during five years of post-operative treatment. However, additional studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of this ALTA sclerotherapy in the management of hemorrhoidal disease.

Comparative study on simultaneous removal of calcium and sulfate ions from flotation recycling water by aluminum hydroxide

Due to the environmental policies and economic reasons,the water used in some flotation operations of complex sulfide ores is recirculated,causing the ion concentration of some species to increase over time,affecting the flotation of the minerals of interest.In this work,an experimental and thermodynamic analysis of the synthetic solutions was presented with a high content of calcium and sulfate ions.The study focused on evaluating the use of two aluminum compounds for the precipitation of Ca^(2+)and SO_(4)^(2−)in the form of ettringite.The amorphous aluminum hydroxide was found to be more efficient than the crystalline one,giving rise to 83%calcium and 91%sulfate removal.The XRD analysis of the solids showed the main reaction product of ettringite,accompanied by small amounts of calcite,due to the absorption of atmospheric carbon dioxide.The final solution after the chemical treatment showed residual calcium and sulfate concentrations below 200 mg/L.Finally,the kinetics of calcium removal appeared to correspond to a second order reaction with respect to calcium concentration,with an apparent activation energy of 53.48 kJ/mol,which may suggest that the ettringite precipitation process is governed by the chemical reaction.

The Impact of Aluminum-Containing Set Accelerators on Sulfate Resistance of Portland Cement Compositions

This study contains comparative research of sulfate resistance of ordinary Portland cement pastes with addition of basic aluminum sulfate (hydroxosulfate, Al(OH)1.78(SO4)0.61) and amorphous Al(OH)3. Over 3 months of storing in sodium sulfate solution, the most significant expansion and deterioration occur in case of samples with aluminum hydroxide. During sulfate resistance test, the ratio between aluminum nuclei in AFt (ettringite) and AFm phases was studied by 27Al-MAS NMR, and the impact of aluminum-containing admixtures on this ratio was specified. In accordance with NMR data, in samples with Al(OH)3, the rate of secondary ettringite formation becomes noticeable after one month of storing in sulfate solution. For samples with Al(OH)1.78(SO4)0.61, the rate of elongation and temper of changes in molar ratio between sulfoaluminate phases were comparable with reference samples without admixtures.

The Impact of Aluminum- and Iron-Bearing Admixtures on the Resistance of Portland Cement Mortars to Alkali-Silica Reaction and Sulfate Attack

Study of sulfate resistance of mortars with aluminum- and iron-bearing admixtures (Al(OH)3, Al2(SO4)3, FeSO4, Fe2(SO4)3) in conditions close to those established in ASTM C 1012, and the study of the mitigation effect of these admixtures on alkali-silica reaction in accordance with accelerated “mortar bar” test ( GOST 8269.0, ASTM C 1260) were performed. Iron (II) and (III) sulfates show ability for mitigation alkali-silica reaction, while also, in contrast with Al-bearing substances, do not induce the drastic reducing of the initial setting time and do not promote the progress of sulfate corrosion. Compared with FeSO4, iron (III) sulfate has moderate deleterious impact on the early strength of cement paste and can be of interest alone as an inhibitor of ASR. Iron (II) sulfate may be used together with aluminum sulfate to offset the accelerating effect of the latter on the setting of cement paste and to reduce a risk of sulfate corrosion. During prolonged water storage, the mortar elongation and secondary ettringite formation do not occur, even when Al2(SO4)3 is available. Therefore, the investigated admixtures cannot act as agents of internal sulfate attack, however, Al2(SO4)3 can enhance the outer sulfate attack.

Influence of Benzenediols—Pyrocatechol and Resorcinol—On the Resistance of Portland Cement Mortars with Aluminum Sulfate to Sulfate Attack

The effect of benzene-1,2-diol (pyrocatechol) and benzene-1,3-diol (resorcinol) on the development of sulfate attack in Portland cement mortars containing alkali-free setting accelerator (aluminum sulfate) was studied. It has been found that these compounds (especially pyrocatechol—due to its ability to form chelate complexes with aluminum ions) restrain destructive deformations of Portland cement mortars with aluminum sulfate admixture when under test conditions a constant supply of sulfate ions from external source is provided. According to 27Al-MAS NMR data, pyrocatechol does not influence the amount of ettringite formed in Portland cement paste during its store in sodium sulfate solution. Presumably, in presence of benzenediols, in cement mortars with aluminum sulfate admixture the formation of ettringite crystals with a less pronounced destructive effect takes place.

Treatment of Oily Wastewater Using Composite Flocculant of Polysilicate Ferro-Aluminum Sulfate – Rectorite

In this study, a novel flocculant was prepared by an inorganic polymetric flocculant (IPF) - polysilicate ferro- aluminum sulfate (PSFA) and rectorite (REC). The structure of the PSFA-REC composite was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD), in order to determine the optimal temperature. The flocculation test was made at 25℃, 45℃ and 65℃, the results indicated that when the temperature was 65℃, the removal efficiency of the oil and COD was the best, which was 87.2% and 92.6% respectively. Then by comparisons among rectorite (REC), PSFA and the composite PSFA-REC at the temperature of 65℃ and the optimal dosage of 11 mg/L, the composite PSFA-REC showed better flocculation performance than flocculant REC and PSFA alone.

Effect of Al in Slag Blended Cement Paste under Sulfate Attack

Unilateral sulfate attack of cementitious materials containing 40% slag with different water to binder ratios was investigated. The results showed that the degradation of slag blended cement pastes was nearly from the corners of paste surface with cracking and spallings, water-to-binder（w/b） ratio made a significant sense to the damage that low w/b ratio led to little weight loss, less cracking and spalling damage and vice versa. Microstructural experimental results demonstrated that in the three different stages of sulfate attack, degradation of pastes was primarily associated with the migration behavior and bonding configuration of aluminum, in the early ages Al was mostly present in C-（A）-S-H, and thus, the damage of pastes hardly appeared while at later ones Al had been largely transferred from C-（A）-S-H into AFt, leading to expansive damage.

硫酸铝型无氟无碱液体速凝剂的制备

以硫酸铝和二乙醇胺为主要原料,将乙二醇、三乙醇胺作为辅料进行性能调节,通过优化各组分的用量,制备了一种新型无氟无碱液体速凝剂。使用基准水泥,对速凝剂的凝结时间和1d抗压强度进行了测定。结果显示,速凝剂掺量为7%时,4’12’’时达到初凝,9’23’’时达到终凝;1d的抗折强度和抗压强度分别为3.22MPa和12.39MPa。同时,该液体速凝剂对几种工程水泥也表现出了良好的适应性。

信号分子硫化氢参与硫肥缓解铝对水稻生长抑制作用的机制

【目的】探究基于施硫肥提高水稻体内硫化氢(H_(2)S)生成缓解水稻在酸性土壤中铝(Al)毒害的栽培方式及其内在机制。【方法】以Al敏感品种Kasalath为试验材料,设置CK,CK+S(硫肥),CK+NaHS(H_(2)S供体),Al,Al+S,Al+NaHS六个盆栽处理,通过测定不同时期水稻体内H_(2)S含量、Al含量、抗氧化系统酶活性,分蘖期根系和光合作用相关指标,明确外源施加硫肥通过调控水稻体内H_(2)S生成缓解Al毒的机制。【结果】与Al处理相比,Al+S处理显著提高水稻体内H_(2)S含量,叶片中的H_(2)S含量在分蘖期和齐穗期分别增加了19.27%和34.99%;根部H_(2)S含量在分蘖期、齐穗期和成熟期分别增加了39.72%、21.08%和30.73%。相比Al处理,Al+S处理显著促进了分蘖期水稻根系的生长,提高了水稻的光合作用能力,同时降低了不同时期水稻根茎叶中的Al含量,在分蘖期分别下降了40.98%、28.47%和24.18%;齐穗期下降了14.58%、50.30%和13.17%;成熟期下降了14.44%、29.78%和8.70%。进一步研究发现,Al+S处理显著增强了水稻体内抗氧化酶(SOD、CAT、APX、POD)的活性,降低了水稻体内过氧化氢(H_(2)O2)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧阴离子(O_(2)^(-)·)含量,增加了与细胞质Al在液泡中进行分室相关的基因OsALS1以及与修复被Al破坏的细胞壁相关基因OsSTAR1和OsSTAR2的相对表达量。同时,外源施加硫肥还通过调控土壤pH值降低水稻根际土中交换态Al、无机吸附态Al和水溶态Al的含量,增加Al的水合物和氢氧化物的含量。Al+NaHS处理具有同样的效果。【结论】外源增施硫肥能够通过提高水稻体内的H_(2)S含量缓解Al对水稻根系生长和光合作用的抑制,提高抗氧化系统酶活性降低Al对水稻的过氧化损伤,同时促进液泡对水稻细胞质Al的区室化作用,降低细胞壁对Al的吸附或改变土壤中Al的形态,最终降低水稻根系内的Al含量来缓解Al对水稻生长的抑制作用。

秸秆深埋配施硫酸铝对西辽河平原地区苏打盐碱土水盐运移的影响

为探索秸秆深埋和硫酸铝改良剂配施交互作用对苏打盐碱地水盐运移的影响,在通辽市科尔沁左翼中旗开展覆膜滴灌下不同硫酸铝用量与秸秆深埋的田间试验,以甜菜为指示作物,常规处理为对照(CK),在有无秸秆深埋(A、B)的条件下分别设置4水平硫酸铝添加量(30、60、90、120 g/m^(2)),揭示硫酸铝用量、秸秆深埋与土壤含水率、盐分的相关关系,提出覆膜滴灌及秸秆深埋下适宜的硫酸铝用量。结果显示,未添加秸秆处理中B3处理0~50 cm土体平均含水率最高(23.8%),比CK高8.2%,且平均含盐量最低(1.69 g/kg),比CK低12.6%;添加秸秆处理中A3处理0~50 cm土体平均含水率最高(26.6%),比B3处理高2.8%,平均含盐量也最低(1.57 g/kg),比B3处理低19%,且平均积盐率最低,比B3处理降低7.6%;A3处理在10~20和20~30 cm处土壤含水率均显著高于B3处理(P<0.05),在0~10和20~30 cm处土壤含盐量较B3处理显著降低(P<0.05);A3处理0~30 cm各土层均有脱盐趋势,达到显著水平(P<0.05),平均脱盐率11.5%;硫酸铝和秸秆深埋交互作用与土壤含水率呈极显著正相关(0.808),与土壤含盐量呈显著负相关(-0.564)。秸秆深埋和硫酸铝改良剂综合作用可有效降低土壤pH值0.53~0.94,缓解土壤碱化度20.5%~21.9%。覆膜滴灌及秸秆深埋下硫酸铝用量在72~104 g/m^(2)为适宜当地的推荐用量。研究结果可为西辽河平原地区盐碱土壤改良提供理论依据。

添加硫酸铝钾煅烧对脱硫石膏制备建筑石膏性能的影响

为了解决脱硫石膏利用率较低的问题,同时提高其高附加值,选用硫酸铝钾(KAS,质量分数分别为0、0.3%、0.6%、1.0%)与脱硫石膏混合,经常压煅烧制备建筑石膏,重点研究煅烧温度及KAS掺量对建筑石膏性能及形貌的影响。结果表明:适当的煅烧温度可改善建筑石膏的性能,但煅烧温度过高时,会使建筑石膏表面裂纹增多,性能下降;添加适量的KAS,不仅可以提高建筑石膏的结晶度,而且能促进水化后新相二水石膏(DH)沿b轴方向生长,延缓沿c轴方向生长,降低DH晶体的长径比,使石膏硬化体逐渐密实化,强度显著增加。脱硫石膏中添加0.3%的KAS,经170℃煅烧2 h,制备的建筑石膏性能最佳,初凝时间和终凝时间分别为11.5 min和14 min,2 h抗折强度和抗压强度分别为3.40 MPa和9.23 MPa,绝干抗折强度和抗压强度分别为6.70 MPa和21.82 MPa,满足GB/T 9776—2022《建筑石膏》3.0等级要求。相比空白组,2 h抗折强度提升了26%,2h抗压强度提高了40%。

絮凝剂硫酸铝强化AGS处理建筑涂料废水的探究

为了缩短好氧颗粒污泥(AGS)颗粒化时间并提高AGS处理建筑涂料废水的效能,通过向活性污泥内投加絮凝剂硫酸铝(AS),研究了AS对AGS颗粒化进程的影响,并探究了AS诱导形成的AGS处理建筑涂料废水的效能。结果表明,AS快速造粒形成的AGS结构紧密,生物量高、沉降性能好并缩短AGS颗粒化时间约10 d。AS提高了AGS内胞外聚合物(EPS)含量,并同步提高蛋白质(PN)和多糖(PS)含量,在AS组别内,PN/PS高于空白组。AS诱导形成的AGS强化处理建筑涂料废水,AS组别内COD去除效率均超过90%。AS浓度由20 mg/L增加至100 mg/L时,总氮去除效率由62.4%~64.8%升高至67.9%~69.4%。各组内氨氮去除效率均较理想。研究结果为AGS快速颗粒化提供备选条件,并为建筑涂料废水的高效处理提供技术支撑。

不同混凝剂对藻类的去除效果研究

以小球藻为研究对象,研究了硫酸铝、聚合氯化铝(PAC)、聚合硫酸铁(PFS)在不同投加量、pH值以及高锰酸钾预氧化条件下对藻类去除效果的影响。结果显示,PAC对藻类去除效果最佳,当PAC投加量为25 mg/L、pH值为8.0、高锰酸钾的使用量为0.8 mg/L、预氧化时间为30 min时,此条件下对小球藻的去除率可以达到93.73%。

铝盐破乳剂的优化及其对拉丝油乳化液破乳效果的研究

以单一硫酸铝作为破乳剂,对自配的不同含油量的拉丝油乳化液进行破乳,测定了破乳后水层的COD、浊度、pH,并计算了COD、浊度去除率。然后分别考察了单独使用硫酸铝以及使用硫酸铝-聚合氯化铝复合破乳剂对实际生产中得到的中、高含油量拉丝油乳化废液进行破乳的效果。结果表明:在几种破乳剂中,使用硫酸铝对自配的拉丝油乳化液进行破乳有较好的效果,在破乳后,COD、浊度去除率可以分别达到70%、60%。单独使用硫酸铝对中、高含油量的拉丝油乳化废液进行破乳的效果不佳,乳化废液的油水不分层,而硫酸铝-聚合氯化铝复合破乳剂在硫酸铝和聚合氯化铝同时加入时则具有较好的效果,在搅拌器转速为500 r/min,搅拌总时间为10 min,搅拌后静置时间为30 min的条件下,中含油量废液破乳后水层的COD、浊度去除率可分别达到98%、91%,高含油量废液的COD、浊度去除率可分别达到99%、97%以上。

NH_(4)Al(SO_(4))_(2)·12H_(2)O脱水过程及其热力学与动力学性能

通过热重-差热分析仪(TG/DTA)测试了NH_(4)Al(SO_(4))_(2)·12H_(2)O的升温脱水过程,并对其脱水过程进行热力学和动力学分析。结果表明,NH_(4)Al(SO_(4))_(2)·12H_(2)O的脱水过程分为2步,第1次脱去9个水分子,形成NH_(4)Al(SO_(4))_(2)·3H_(2)O;第2次脱去剩余的3个水分子,形成NH_(4)Al(SO_(4))_(2)。热力学分析NH_(4)Al(SO_(4))_(2)·12H_(2)O脱水过程中,脱落的液态水分子随即气化。动力学分析NH_(4)Al(SO_(4))_(2)·12H_(2)O脱水过程,脱去9个水分子的反应活化能为93.53 kJ/mol,脱去3个水分子的反应活化能为118.7 kJ/mol。

中药白矾与伪品铵明矾的中红外光谱快速鉴别

目的:确定白矾、伪品铵明矾及两者混合物的中红外光谱鉴别特征峰,建立一种简捷、低碳的白矾真伪鉴别与铵盐检查方法。方法:使用衰减全反射法直接测量白矾、铵明矾及两者混合物的中红外光谱,寻找白矾与铵明矾的差异吸收峰并进行统计分析,评价通过差异吸收峰区分白矾与铵明矾、识别白矾中掺入铵明矾的可行性。结果:中红外光谱上白矾与铵明矾的主要差异在于后者具有1436 cm^(–1)附近的铵离子N-H弯曲振动峰,根据该特征峰的有无可以直观区分白矾与铵明矾。白矾中铵明矾掺入量不低于5%时,根据N-H弯曲振动峰的高度或面积可以定性识别铵离子,达到《中华人民共和国药典》2020年版规定的白矾检查项中铵盐检出限要求。结论:中红外光谱能够准确鉴别白矾、铵明矾与两者混合物,可以作为一种简便、快速、费用低、绿色的白矾真伪鉴别与铵盐检查方法。