Time-Domain Analysis of Body Freedom Flutter Based on 6DOF Equation

The reduced weight and improved efficiency of modern aeronautical structures result in a decreasing separation of frequency ranges of rigid and elastic modes.Particularly,a high-aspect-ratio flexible flying wing is prone to body freedomflutter(BFF),which is a result of coupling of the rigid body short-periodmodewith 1st wing bendingmode.Accurate prediction of the BFF characteristics is helpful to reflect the attitude changes of the vehicle intuitively and design the active flutter suppression control law.Instead of using the rigid body mode,this work simulates the rigid bodymotion of the model by using the six-degree-of-freedom(6DOF)equation.A dynamicmesh generation strategy particularly suitable for BFF simulation of free flying aircraft is developed.An accurate Computational Fluid Dynamics/Computational Structural Dynamics/six-degree-of-freedom equation(CFD/CSD/6DOF)-based BFF prediction method is proposed.Firstly,the time-domain CFD/CSD method is used to calculate the static equilibrium state of the model.Based on this state,the CFD/CSD/6DOF equation is solved in time domain to evaluate the structural response of themodel.Then combinedwith the variable stiffnessmethod,the critical flutter point of the model is obtained.This method is applied to the BFF calculation of a flyingwing model.The calculation results of the BFF characteristics of the model agree well with those fromthe modalmethod andNastran software.Finally,the method is used to analyze the influence factors of BFF.The analysis results show that the flutter speed can be improved by either releasing plunge constraint or moving the center ofmass forward or increasing the pitch inertia.

Triad-displaced ULAs configuration for non-circular sources with larger continuous virtual aperture and enhanced degrees of freedom

Non-uniform linear array(NULA)configurations are well renowned due to their structural ability for providing increased degrees of freedom(DOF)and wider array aperture than uniform linear arrays(ULAs).These characteristics play a significant role in improving the direction-of-arrival(DOA)estimation accuracy.However,most of the existing NULA geometries are primarily applicable to circular sources(CSs),while they limitedly improve the DOF and continuous virtual aperture for noncircular sources(NCSs).Toward this purpose,we present a triaddisplaced ULAs(Tdis-ULAs)configuration for NCS.The TdisULAs structure generally consists of three ULAs,which are appropriately placed.The proposed antenna array approach fully exploits the non-circular characteristics of the sources.Given the same number of elements,the Tdis-ULAs design achieves more DOF and larger hole-free co-array aperture than its sparse array competitors.Advantageously,the number of uniform DOF,optimal distribution of elements among the ULAs,and precise element positions are uniquely determined by the closed-form expressions.Moreover,the proposed array also produces a filled resulting co-array.Numerical simulations are conducted to show the performance advantages of the proposed Tdis-ULAs configuration over its counterpart designs.

6-DOFs机器臂在位置模式下追随运动意图的研究

为了使脑卒中患者在主动康复中能够得到准确、实时、稳定的识别效果,本研究提出了基于6-DOFs协作机器人作为一种康复运动设备。患者的运动意图通过其手与机器臂末端的六维力传感器作用的程度与方向来捕捉,控制系统则通过解析出的运动意图实现机器臂末端运动方向与速度的设置和驱动。运动意图主要由运动方向和运动程度两个指标表达,前者由力传感器各分力的合力方向确定,后者由合力的大小确定,同时还要检测合力与TCP所在轨迹点处切线方向的夹角,最终确定出机器臂末端沿轨迹运动的速度。

Investigation of Inside-Out Tracking Methods for Six Degrees of Freedom Pose Estimation of a Smartphone in Augmented Reality

Six degrees of freedom(6DoF)input interfaces are essential formanipulating virtual objects through translation or rotation in three-dimensional(3D)space.A traditional outside-in tracking controller requires the installation of expensive hardware in advance.While inside-out tracking controllers have been proposed,they often suffer from limitations such as interaction limited to the tracking range of the sensor(e.g.,a sensor on the head-mounted display(HMD))or the need for pose value modification to function as an input interface(e.g.,a sensor on the controller).This study investigates 6DoF pose estimation methods without restricting the tracking range,using a smartphone as a controller in augmented reality(AR)environments.Our approach involves proposing methods for estimating the initial pose of the controller and correcting the pose using an inside-out tracking approach.In addition,seven pose estimation algorithms were presented as candidates depending on the tracking range of the device sensor,the tracking method(e.g.,marker recognition,visual-inertial odometry(VIO)),and whether modification of the initial pose is necessary.Through two experiments(discrete and continuous data),the performance of the algorithms was evaluated.The results demonstrate enhanced final pose accuracy achieved by correcting the initial pose.Furthermore,the importance of selecting the tracking algorithm based on the tracking range of the devices and the actual input value of the 3D interaction was emphasized.

Degree of Freedom Analysis for Holographic MIMO Based on a Mutual-Coupling-Compliant Channel Model

Degree of freedom(DOF)is a key indicator for spatial multiplexing layers of a wireless channel.Traditionally,the channel of a multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)half-wavelength dipole array has a DOF that equals the antenna number.However,recent studies suggest that the DOF could be less than the antenna number when strong mutual coupling is considered.We utilize a mutual-coupling-compliant channel model to investigate the DOF of the holographic MIMO(HMIMO)channel and give a upper bound of the DOF with strong mutual coupling.Our numerical simulations demonstrate that a dense array can support more DOF per unit aperture as compared with a half-wavelength MIMO system.

Trimming the Degrees of Freedom via a K^(+) Flux Rectifier for Safe and Long‑Life Potassium‑Ion Batteries

High degrees of freedom(DOF)for K^(+)movement in the electrolytes is desirable,because the resulting high ionic conductivity helps improve potassium-ion batteries,yet requiring support from highly free and flammable organic solvent molecules,seriously affecting battery safety.Here,we develop a K^(+)flux rectifier to trim K ion’s DOF to 1 and improve electrochemical properties.Although the ionic conductivity is compromised in the K^(+)flux rectifier,the overall electrochemical performance of PIBs was improved.An oxidation stability improvement from 4.0 to 5.9 V was realized,and the formation of dendrites and the dissolution of organic cathodes were inhibited.Consequently,the K||K cells continuously cycled over 3,700 h;K||Cu cells operated stably over 800 cycles with the Coulombic efficiency exceeding 99%;and K||graphite cells exhibited high-capacity retention over 74.7%after 1,500 cycles.Moreover,the 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide organic cathodes operated for more than 2,100 cycles and reached year-scale-cycling time.We fabricated a 2.18 Ah pouch cell with no significant capacity fading observed after 100 cycles.

Freedom EVO全自动酶联免疫前处理仪故障分析

全自动酶联免疫前处理是一种高自动化酶免诊断分析仪,用于检验科各类样品的液体处理工作。仪器在正常保养的情况下,由于标本量巨大、项目繁多,运行过程中不可避免地会出现故障。以Freedom EVO全自动酶联免疫前处理为例,分析总结使用过程中出现的常见故障及解决方法,以尽快解决故障,提高检验质量和工作效率,确保设备长期有效的运行,供操作及维护人员参考。

The Kinematics Performance of Self-Propelled Full Freedom Filament in Wakes of Flow around Cylinder

In vortex streets, the kinematics performance of self-propelled full freedom filament is closely related to the length and the position of filaments in the flow field. In this paper, the changes of passive propulsion velocity and pressure of full-degree-of-freedom filaments after cylindrical wake were analyzed by 15 sets of experiments when the length and position of filaments were changed. The results show that the propulsive velocity of the filament, it approximately increases first and then decreases with the filament length increasing, and the further away from the center of the cylinder, the smaller the propulsive velocity of the filament. In addition, the longer the filament length and the further it is from the center of the cylinder, the lower the pressure around the filament. Experiments show that filaments without energy input can obtain energy from the surrounding flow field to maintain self-propelled motion. Studying the influence of length and position on the kinematics of filaments is helpful to provide a reference for revealing the hydrodynamic mechanism on passive propulsion process and developing low resistance energy harvesting device in swimming fish movement.

The Prisoner of“Freedom”:Cultural Displacement of Santosh in Naipaul’s In a Free State

In a Free State is a post-colonial novel written by Naipaul.“One out of Many”is one of the stories in this novel to explore the freedom of the culturally rootless.The protagonist,Santosh,lives under the collision between the Indian culture and American culture.In the“crevice”of two different cultures,he is deeply involved in the tumultuous and painful process of cultural displacement.His behaviors in cultural displacement can be divided into three stages.Firstly,he has experienced a“cultural shock”after his arrival in Washington,D.C.as a new comer.Secondly,after being fully exposed to the host culture and American style,he has experienced assimilation and absorption to be like an American.Finally when he escapes from his employer and chooses his own way of living,he finds that he is not free at all because he is confronted with an awkward cultural dilemma:he can neither return to his past life;nor can he aspire to a better future.The anxiety about the dislocation causes misery for his fate.As a result,he becomes a prisoner in an unfamiliar culture,and his“freedom”can only be a rootless“freedom”.

高铁隧道片状掉块气动行为及对行车安全影响

高铁隧道衬砌病害日益恶化,衬砌掉块问题愈发严重,对列车运行安全危害极大。为探究隧道内行车时衬砌掉块脱落对行车安全性的影响,建立大气-隧道-衬砌掉块-列车三维数值模型,对列车运行条件下衬砌掉块的气动行为进行分析,研究片状衬砌掉块初始下落位置对行车安全性的影响。研究结果表明,不同剥落位置片状掉块沿隧道纵向位移均为负值;拱顶掉块沿隧道纵向位移平均为侧边墙掉块的1.45倍,上侧边墙掉块横向运动位移为拱顶掉块的2~3倍;拱顶掉块随着距隧道中线距离的增大受流场结构影响越显著,初始加速度峰值越大;拱顶剥落的衬砌掉块可能与列车直接相碰,上侧边墙剥落的衬砌掉块可能与车身侧面相碰或者被卷入到轮轨内,下侧边墙剥落的衬砌掉块远离车身运动,对行车安全无影响。研究结果对今后高速铁路隧道衬砌病害防治具有参考意义。

The Conflict and Balance Between Intellectual Property Rights and Public Freedom of Information in the“Anti-circumvention Clause”

There is a long-standing conflict between intellectual property rights and public freedom of information.The continuous development of the“anti-circumvention clause”has caused the conflict to intensify.As a basic human right,freedom of information is being gradually eroded by the expansion of intellectual property rights.The existing research mainly carries on the right balance from the negative protection path,but the positive protection path is more advantageous to realizing the public freedom of information and alleviates the conflict between the two kinds of rights.In practice,there are some problems in the application of the anti-circumvention clause,such as the legality of the aim,the division of the protected part,and the determination of the circumvention.This is mainly due to the lack of restrictions on technical measures,the failure to distinguish between“copyright protection”and“contact control”,and the offside and absence of administrative bodies in practice.We should protect public freedom of information by distinguishing the two measures of copyright protection and contact control and the two torts of access and use,increasing the restrictive conditions for the use of technical protection measures,and changing the functions of administrative supervision agencies.

基于改进麻雀优化PID的波浪补偿控制方法

随着海上风电“十四五”规划的不断推动,在深远海域对兆瓦级大功率海上风机的需求量随之增加,其规模也在不断扩大。但是,在吊运、安装等海上工作过程中,复杂海浪对船舶产生的持续影响导致风机安装的精度和效率大幅下降,甚至会对人员安全以及财产造成重大损失。在深远海域复杂海况下对工程船舶进行有效的波浪补偿,可提供稳定的作业环境以保证精准高效地完成各项工作,因此,本文提出了一种基于改进麻雀优化PID的波浪补偿控制方法并将其应用于Stewart补偿平台。首先,建立波浪补偿平台动力学以及运动学反解模型,并设计正解模型迭代求解算法。随后,使用PID进行波浪补偿控制,并通过麻雀搜索算法优化参数。接着,采用Circle混沌映射对其进行初始化分布,以解决初始化不均匀的问题;并采用动态自适应加权、柯西突变以及反向学习以提升算法全局寻优能力。最后,生成4~6级海况下的某工程船运动数据作为系统输入,利用MATLAB和Simulink软件平台搭建模型进行补偿控制验证,并在Stewart硬件平台上做补偿试验。结果表明,改进麻雀搜索算法具有较快的收敛速度、较高的精度和更好的寻优能力,优化后的PID控制方法更适合用于复杂海况下波浪补偿平台的控制优化,可为大功率海上风机安装的补偿平台控制系统设计提供参考。

公序良俗在情人遗赠纠纷中的适用——基于私法与基本权利冲突理论的二元视角

遗赠是否违背公序良俗应以遗赠本身为审查对象,而不能以遗赠以外之事实为断。同时,情人遗赠行为是否违背公序良俗,尤应考察当事人一方遗赠的动机是否是将性奉献与经济上的对待给付联结起来,抑或是存在其他更值得尊重的动机。但在私法视角下,情人遗赠的效力,总是呈现出完全有效或完全无效的形态。而在基本权利冲突与权衡的视角下,各基本权利相互较量各自在具体个案中的分量,此种权衡和较量之结果体现在法律行为效力上,即既非完全有效亦非完全无效,而是在两者间存在多种可能性,因而更能适应个案中的具体情况,也更具灵活性。

自由的实现:黑格尔与马克思

自由的实现是黑格尔和马克思思想的共同主题,也是二者的分歧所在。在《法哲学原理》中,黑格尔批判了法国大革命“绝对自由”的原则,试图以理性国家统一普遍与特殊,调和个体与共同体之间的矛盾,最终实现私人领域和公共领域的统一。在一个有机共同体中实现具体的自由,这一点成为后来马克思共产主义观念的理论起点,也构成后者的原则高度。不同的是,马克思敏锐地发现了黑格尔理性国家的问题,把对市民社会的批判推进到政治经济学批判中,进而在哲学批判、政治经济学批判以及各种形式的社会主义理论及其现实运动的批判这一总体性的视野中为黑格尔的伦理自由找到了一条通达现实的道路——共产主义及其现实运动。因此,作为观念与现实的统一,马克思的共产主义就在根本上超越了黑格尔的理性国家,是自由的真正实现,即人类解放。

多自由度振荡浮子装置波浪爬升特性试验与数值模拟

增加振荡浮子式波浪能发电装置的自由度可以拓宽设备的捕获频带,从而有效地提高其捕获效率,但这也意味着浮子与波浪间的作用过程更加复杂,产生的波浪爬升等非线性现象不容忽视,严重时甚至会发生越浪从而降低浮子装置的使用寿命和效率.本文开展了规则波作用下多自由度浮子迎浪侧波浪爬升特性的物理模型试验,对单自由度运动和多自由度耦合运动的浮子上的波浪爬高进行了比较,以分析在有无动力输出装置(power take-off,PTO)阻尼条件下自由度之间的相互作用效应,并使用数值模拟分析耦合运动浮子周围的流场分布.结果显示,增加自由度可以导致没有PTO阻尼的浮子上的波浪爬高显著降低,有效降低越浪风险.对于有PTO阻尼的多自由度振荡浮子,增加垂荡方向上的PTO阻尼力对波浪爬升有很大影响.三自由度耦合运动浮子能更好地利用波浪能并具有更好的安全性.

宪法视野下的婚检制度变革与完善——基于《民法典》第1053条告知义务的履行

《民法典》第1053条对禁婚疾病传统作出重大调整,成为新时代背景下婚检制度设计的重要法律依据。在婚姻宪法保护框架下,“婚姻自由—私人告知—自愿婚检”的传统思路忽略了比“婚姻自由保护”更为根本的“婚姻传统功能保护”。婚姻的公共性及解决相关司法实践难题的客观需要,使得婚检融入履行环节成为可能。从《宪法》到《民法典》再到《婚姻登记条例》,民法典时代婚检制度设计应沿循“婚姻保护—法定告知—弱强制婚检”设计思路,采取“程序强制+形式审查”模式,即当事人于婚前相互告知专业健康检查结论,婚姻登记机关仅要求当事人填写知晓声明并进行必要口头提示而不对告知内容及其真实性进行实质审查。

球形电动机及其研究发展综述

球形电动机是一种具有球体结构的新型电动机,可单机实现在三维空间内的多自由度运动,且适合应用于人工智能及姿态控制系统动量球等相关领域,得到了各国学者的广泛关注与研究。球形电动机拓展了转子运动范围,是电动机行业未来的一个重要发展方向。与传统单自由度电动机相比,球形电动机结构较为复杂,且运动模式较为特殊,因此,对球形电动机的分析研究有别于传统单自由度电动机。该文整理各国学者对球形电动机的研究工作,总结归纳球形电动机的概念及发展历程,对比研究球形电动机不同的工作原理、拓扑结构及设计优化方法,探讨球形电动机的性能、转子位置检测方法、控制方法、转子支撑方式、应用场合及关键技术,最后总结球形电动机的未来发展趋势。

一种用于易损物体的机器人抓取姿态预测方法

复杂场景下机器人抓取“万物”是一个重要且具有挑战性的任务.针对使用刚性夹持器的机器人在直接使用六自由度抓取姿态预测方法抓取柔软和易碎物品过程中易被夹持器损坏问题,本文提出了一种用于易损物体的八自由度抓取姿态预测方法.通过直接处理场景点云数据,预测物体上抓取点的接近向量、面内旋转、夹持器宽度和物体种类,并根据夹持器内点云得到物体的八自由度抓取姿态,其姿态包含夹持器的旋转、平移、夹持器的宽度和作用力.然后,在公共数据集上验证算法的有效性,并搭建复杂场景进行机器人抓取实验.实验结果表明,该方法在保证抓取成功率的前提下,降低了被抓取物体的损坏率,扩展了基于视觉的机器人抓握物品种类.

营商环境法治化三维论

市场秩序稳定公平、规则透明公开、法治公正、投资可预期的营商环境,是投资主体实现投资自由便利制度的核心价值所现。推进政府职能新定位,强化“放管服”,放宽市场主体准入等,是优化营商环境的基本环节。自由度是主体最活跃的动力源和策源地,政府确保“中立地位”,促进主体公平竞争和实施反垄断,维护所有市场主体都享有平等、自由、公平竞争机制。便利度是彰显政府向市场主体提供快速实现自由度的便捷化、快捷化和效率化的社会效应程度,核心在于强化市场主体获得从商活动权利能力的快捷、简便、高效行为状态等。创新度是市场主体实现自由度与便利度融合发展处于动态的追求状态,显现了优化营商环境持续创新的法治动力。政府干预与市场调节有机协同调控,做大主体自由度,提升主体更多便利度,促进营商环境的持续创新优化。自由、便利与创新,已成为优化营商环境的路径选择,创新成为优化营商环境的否定之否定规律。自由度、便利度与创新度的辩证关系价值,成为引导探寻优化营商环境的立足点、突破点和发力点。

基于负压式苹果采摘机器人末端设计及仿真

为提高苹果采摘效率,实现无损化、高效化采摘。设计出一种基于负压式末端执行器的六自由度采摘机器人,并对基于负压式设计的末端结构进行验证。后基于SD-H参数法对机器人进行正逆运动学求解,运用ADAMS仿真软件对采摘机械臂进行运动学和动力学仿真分析。对末端吸口中心点和各关节点进行监控获取末端吸口位移、速度、加速度与各关节力矩曲线。分析曲线表明:机械臂运动过程平稳无突变,采摘苹果产生冲击力对机械臂各关节影响较小,机械结构设计合理,可满足采摘工作需求,并对后续路径规划提供基础依据。