High Frequency Communication Network with Diversity: System Structure and Key Enabling Techniques

High frequency sky wave communication suffers from poor performance including poor link quality and low link success rate. To enhance performance, diversity technology is proposed in the high frequency communication network(HFCN) in this paper.First, we present the benefits and the challenges by introducing diversity technology into the existing HFCN. Secondly, to exploit the benefits fully and overcome the challenges, we propose a system structure suitable for deploying diversity technology in HFCN in large scale,based on the cloud radio access network and software defined network. Moreover, we present a general structure for the real-time updating frequency management system that plays a more important role especially when resource consuming(e.g., frequency) diversity technology is deployed. Thirdly, we investigate the key techniques enabling diversity technology deployment. Finally, we point out the future research directions to help the HFCN with diversity work more efficiently and intelligently.

Enabling Technologies for Agile Maritime Communication Networks

With the rapid development of maritime activities, there has been a growing demand for high data rate and ultra-reliable maritime communications. Traditionally,this is provided by maritime satellites. Besides, shore and island-based base stations (BSs) can be built to extend the coverage of terrestrial networks providing the fourth-generation (4G) or even the fifth-generation (5G) services.

Enabling Technologies for Agile Maritime Communication Networks

With the rapid development of maritime activities, there has been a growing demand for high data rate and ultra-reliable maritime communications. Traditionally, this is provided by maritime satellites. Besides, shore and island-based base stations (BSs) can be built to extend the coverage of terrestrial networks providing the fourth-generation (4G) or even the fifth-generation (5G) services. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)-aided and ship-borne BSs can also be exploited to serve as relaying nodes in maritime mesh/ad-hoc networks. Despite all these approaches, there are still open issues towards the establishment of an agile maritime communication network (MCN). Different from terrestrial communications for urban or suburban coverage, the MCN faces several challenges due to the complicated electromagnetic propagation environment, the limited geometrically available BS sites, and rigorous service demands from mission-critical applications. To address all these challenges, conventional communications and networking theories and methods need to be tailored for maritime application scenarios or new ones should be explored. The goal of this feature topic is to present the state-of-the-art original research, and the latest advances and innovations in key theories, technologies, and innovative applications for agile MCNs, as well as identify emerging research topics and point out the future research directions. Extended versions of papers published in conferences, symposiums, or workshop proceedings are encouraged for consideration.

Study of Smart Grid Communication Network Architectures and Technologies

Smart Grid (SG) is an emerging paradigm of the modern world to upgrade and enhance the existing conventional electrical power infrastructure from generation to distribution to the consumers in a two-way communication fashion to automate the electrical power demand and supply and make this a cyber-physical system. SG infrastructure key elements, such as smart meters, circuit breakers, transformers, feeders, substations, control centers, grid stations, are required well-formed communication network architectures. SG infrastructure is divided into three main communication networks architectures, such as HAH, NAN, and WAN. Each of these communication network architectures requires reliable, stable, secure, high data rate at real-time with the help of different wireline and wireless communication technologies from HAN to WAN networks. To understand the complete concepts about SG, a concise review is presented and it will help the readers to get foundations of communication network architectures and technologies of SG.

Cutting-Edge Challenges in Communication Technology and Computer Network Security

The rapid development of communication technology and computer networks has brought a lot of convenience to production and life,but it also increases the security problem.Information security has become one of the severe challenges faced by people in the digital age.Currently,the security problems facing the field of communication technology and computer networks in China mainly include the evolution of offensive technology,the risk of large-scale data transmission,the potential vulnerabilities introduced by emerging technology,and the dilemma of user identity verification.This paper analyzes the frontier challenges of communication technology and computer network security,and puts forward corresponding solutions,hoping to provide ideas for coping with the security challenges of communication technology and computer networks.

Green Networking Based Energy Efficient Communications

The mainstream approaches to green networking are discussed first from the view of engineering,including resource consolidation,server virtualization,selective connectedness,and proportional computing.A brief introduction to network virtualization techniques is given then and a virtual node embedding approach is provided.Finally,three kinds of enhanced green networking schemes by network virtualization are proposed,that is enhancement to sever virtualization,resource consolidation and Adaptive Link Rate(ALR).Examples are included to show the virtue of network virtualization to green networking in terms of energy efficient communications.

Communication Technology and Application of Seismic Precursor Network Instrument

In this paper, the communication technology of seismic precursor network instrument is introduced, including instruction format and returned information format of instrument login, status information acquisition, and current measured data acquisition. The remote monitoring alarm software is based on this technology, and also introduced that the structure of monitoring information table, abnormal alarm index, and monitoring strategy. The application of the software raises instrument running rate and observation data quality.

Application of Network Information Communication Technology in Power System

Network information communication technology in power systems is the key to ensuring the safe and efficient operation of power grids.The network information communication technology itself has advantages in automation operation and information transmission,thus is widely applied to the power system.In the case of ensuring that the power system is compatible with the network information communication technology,the control of the power system can be strengthened,and the operational efficiency of the power system can be improved.This paper mainly analyzes the specific application of network information communication technology in power system.

Research on the Development Trend of Electronic Communication Technology Based on Intelligent Network

With the rapid development of electronic communication technology,various new technical elements are constantly added to it,bringing many changes to people’s lives and work.The traditional data diversion mode can no longer truly meet the needs of actual work,and the electronic communication mode plays a huge role and occupies an important position in the communication market.Regarding how to develop and apply intelligent electronic communication technology more perfectly,there will be an overview of the specific principle of intelligent electronic communication technology,from the multi-faceted impact of electronic communication technology on human society.The article put forward the future development trend of electronic communication technology based on intelligent networks,emphasized expanding the scale of technology coverage,improved the comprehensive quality of technical products,optimized the structure of the communication industry,and formed a perfect industrial chain,so as to improve the intelligent level of electronic communication technology.

Satellite E2E Network Slicing Based on 5G Technology

We investigate the design of satellite network slicing for the first time to provide customized services for the diversified applications,and propose a novel scheme for satellite end-to-end(E2E) network slicing based on 5G technology,which provides a view of common satellite network slicing and supports flexible network deployment between the satellite and the ground.Specifically,considering the limited satellite network resource and the characteristics of the satellite channel,we propose a novel satellite E2E network slicing architecture.Therein,the deployment of the network functions between the satellite and the ground is coordinately considered.Subsequently,the classification and the isolation technologies of satellite network sub-slices are proposed adaptively based on 5G technology to support resource allocation on demand.Then,we develop the management technologies for the satellite E2E network slicing including slicing key performance indicator(KPI) design,slicing deployment,and slicing management.Finally,the analysis of the challenges and future work shows the potential research in the future.

A Survey on the Role of Complex Networks in IoT and Brain Communication

Complex networks on the Internet of Things(IoT)and brain communication are the main focus of this paper.The benefits of complex networks may be applicable in the future research directions of 6G,photonic,IoT,brain,etc.,communication technologies.Heavy data traffic,huge capacity,minimal level of dynamic latency,etc.are some of the future requirements in 5G+and 6G communication systems.In emerging communication,technologies such as 5G+/6G-based photonic sensor communication and complex networks play an important role in improving future requirements of IoT and brain communication.In this paper,the state of the complex system considered as a complex network(the connection between the brain cells,neurons,etc.)needs measurement for analyzing the functions of the neurons during brain communication.Here,we measure the state of the complex system through observability.Using 5G+/6G-based photonic sensor nodes,finding observability influenced by the concept of contraction provides the stability of neurons.When IoT or any sensors fail to measure the state of the connectivity in the 5G+or 6G communication due to external noise and attacks,some information about the sensor nodes during the communication will be lost.Similarly,neurons considered sing the complex networks concept neuron sensors in the brain lose communication and connections.Therefore,affected sensor nodes in a contraction are equivalent to compensate for maintaining stability conditions.In this compensation,loss of observability depends on the contraction size which is a key factor for employing a complex network.To analyze the observability recovery,we can use a contraction detection algorithm with complex network properties.Our survey paper shows that contraction size will allow us to improve the performance of brain communication,stability of neurons,etc.,through the clustering coefficient considered in the contraction detection algorithm.In addition,we discuss the scalability of IoT communication using 5G+/6G-based photonic technology.

Drivers for Inter-city Innovation Networks Across Chinese Cities:Modelling Physical Versus Intangible Effects

Cross-region innovation is widely recognized as an important source of the long-term regional innovation capacity.In the recent past,a growing number of studies has investigated the network structure and mechanisms of cross-region innovation collaboration in various contexts.However,existing research mainly focuses on physical effects,such as geographical distance and high-speed railway connections.These studies ignore the intangible drivers in a changing environment,the more digitalized economy and the increasingly solidified innovation network structure.Thus,the focus of this study is on estimating determinants of innovation networks,especially on intangible drivers,which have been largely neglected so far.Using city-level data of Chinese patents(excluding Hong Kong,Macao,and Taiwan Province of China),we trace innovation networks across Chinese cities over a long period of time.By integrating a measure on Information and Communications Technology(ICT)development gap and network structural effects into the general proximity framework,this paper explores the changing mechanisms of Chinese innovation networks from a new perspective.The results show that the structure of cross-region innovation networks has changed in China.As mechanisms behind this development,the results confirm the increasingly important role of intangible drivers in Chinese inter-city innovation collaboration when controlling for effects of physical proximity,such as geographical distance.Since digitalization and coordinated development are the mainstream trends in China and other developing countries,these countries'inter-city innovation collaboration patterns will witness dramatic changes under the influence of intangible drivers.

A Review of Artificial Intelligence Applications in Contemporary Computer Network Technologies

Rapid advancement in science and technology has seen computer network technology being upgraded constantly, and computer technology, in particular, has been applied more and more extensively, which has brought convenience to people’s lives. The number of people using the internet around the globe has also increased significantly, exerting a profound influence on artificial intelligence. Further, the constant upgrading and development of artificial intelligence has led to the continuous innovation and improvement of computer technology. Countries around the world have also registered an increase in investment, paying more attention to artificial intelligence. Through an analysis of the current development situation and the existing applications of artificial intelligence, this paper explicates the role of artificial intelligence in the face of the unceasing expansion of computer network technology.

Spatio-Temporal Cellular Network Traffic Prediction Using Multi-Task Deep Learning for AI-Enabled 6G

Spatio-temporal cellular network traffic prediction at wide-area level plays an important role in resource reconfiguration,traffic scheduling and intrusion detection,thus potentially supporting connected intelligence of the sixth generation of mobile communications technology(6G).However,the existing studies just focus on the spatio-temporal modeling of traffic data of single network service,such as short message,call,or Internet.It is not conducive to accurate prediction of traffic data,characterised by diverse network service,spatio-temporality and supersize volume.To address this issue,a novel multi-task deep learning framework is developed for citywide cellular network traffic prediction.Functionally,this framework mainly consists of a dual modular feature sharing layer and a multi-task learning layer(DMFS-MT).The former aims at mining long-term spatio-temporal dependencies and local spatio-temporal fluctuation trends in data,respectively,via a new combination of convolutional gated recurrent unit(ConvGRU)and 3-dimensional convolutional neural network(3D-CNN).For the latter,each task is performed for predicting service-specific traffic data based on a fully connected network.On the real-world Telecom Italia dataset,simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposal through prediction performance measure,spatial pattern comparison and statistical distribution verification.

Challenges and Possibilities for the Household Medicine Lease （HML） System Viewed in Light of CRM： HML-Based Everyday Self-Medication in Ubiquitous Network Society

Household medicine lease （HML） industry originated way back in the Edo period （17C-19C）, when it was promoted by the local fiefdom government to revitalize the economy. Accumulations of wealth, acquired thereafter from everywhere outside the region, have culminated in the formation of the present-day industrial cluster in Toyama, the largest in the whole area facing the Sea of Japan. Today an adaptation of the quasi-CRM （customer relationship management） business model of the HML system has proved to be a success in Mongolia. This fact seems to offer the authors some clues for dealing with those problems that healthcare and medical services in Japan and elsewhere are riddled with. In this paper, focusing on the common critical success factors （CSFs） behind the success of the authors＇ prototype HML system and its recent successful application in Mongolia, the authors will analyze these factors from the perspective of CRM. The authors will then clarify the following： （1） the usefulness of the business model for ensuring primary healthcare for people in developing countries; （2） the usefulness in our ubiquitous network society of applying ICT to the HML system; （3） possible contributions that the use of the system can make toward improving the quality of our everyday healthcare and medical services in our prominently aging society; and the authors will also suggest （4） the importance of elevating ＂individual self-medication＂ to ＂community-based self-medication＂.

Tackling Key Technological Problems and Advancing 5G Technology Application in Railway

The paper summarizes the development of mobile communication of domestic and foreign railways,and proposes the priorities for tackling key technological problems of railway 5G private network according to the technical routes of railway next-generation mobile communication determined by China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd.From the aspects of work objectives,principles,technical routes and innovative working methods,the paper elaborates the ideas of railway 5G scientific and technological research,puts forward the contents and plans of scientific and technological research on railway 5G private network,systematically organizes the achievements in the scientific and technological research stage of railway 5G private network,and sets forth the key contents of next-step scientific and technological research.

Deep Learning Recognition for Arabic Alphabet Sign Language RGB Dataset

This paper introduces a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model for Arabic Sign Language (AASL) recognition, using the AASL dataset. Recognizing the fundamental importance of communication for the hearing-impaired, especially within the Arabic-speaking deaf community, the study emphasizes the critical role of sign language recognition systems. The proposed methodology achieves outstanding accuracy, with the CNN model reaching 99.9% accuracy on the training set and a validation accuracy of 97.4%. This study not only establishes a high-accuracy AASL recognition model but also provides insights into effective dropout strategies. The achieved high accuracy rates position the proposed model as a significant advancement in the field, holding promise for improved communication accessibility for the Arabic-speaking deaf community.

砂砾土公路边坡生态景观恢复技术探讨——以雒洛高速公路边坡工程建设为例

介绍了雒洛高速公路S1-S2段边坡的现状,分析了砂砾土的成因及其特点,提出了在继承传统护坡做法的基础上,创新高速公路护坡生态恢复工程的技术措施,阐述了该高速公路生态恢复建设的效果,以期为同行在高速公路边坡建设中提供借鉴。

Techno-psychological Aspects of Social Media Behaviors

Social media has become an inevitable part of our lives in the age of network society. People establish multiple identities for themselves, with or without references to the real world, and behave according to those identities. Self-made components of virtual presence are not limited to identities only; many users also create hyper-personalities for themselves with the help of new technologies. Then, the fundamental question becomes： Why do people create self-made identities and hyper-personalities to portray or hide themselves in social media environments？ The answer to this question has certain connections and implications for behaviors of social media users. Therefore, researchers have investigated why some people find social media attractive and attend whenever possible, while others are afraid of social media and hesitate to attend. Positive and negative behaviors of social media users can be classified as braggadocian and preventative. Braggadocian behaviors are related to courageously taking advantage of social media, whereas preventative behaviors are concerned with avoidance of social media. The dominant behavioral pattern of a user depends on what one can achieve through attending or preventing social media. This paper first discusses basic elements of human behavior that drive social media such as altruism, hedonism, connectionism, homophily, multiple identities, memetics, narcissism, and tribalism. Then, it focuses on precautionary elements of human behavior such as avoidance, escape, blocking, fear, hiding, removal, and protectionism. Whether they are attentive or not, one thing is clear： People refrain or enrich their own lives in social media rather than being abused or watching others in industrial media.

Building Smart Cities by Using Enterprise GIS in Saudi Arabia

Big Cities and capitals are becoming overcrowded and hard to get future development prospect. New self-sustaining cities are becoming a smart substitutional solution to those old cities. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and information technology infrastructure (ITI) are at the core of these new self-sustaining cities enabling highly integrated services and real-time city monitoring by a network of sensors, wireless devices, cameras, and unified portals connected to massive data centers. All that for creating sustainable economic development and high quality of life by empowering various keys like energy, economy, efficiency, environment, mobility, communication, governance, transportation, people and leverage the quality of life. The Geographic information system (GIS) playing a big role in the smart city architecture and Royal commission in industrial yanbu city (RCY) build their smart city based on Enterprise GIS and open access network (OAN). “Geospatial technologies, such as modern geographic information systems (GIS) and data capturing technologies, are at the heart of the smart city, because understanding the ‘WHERE’ component is critical for making an informed decision. Geospatial technologies largely meet these communication needs, while emphasizing the geographical aspect, which plays a fundamental role in optimizing the understanding and management of the urban space”. [1].