Ovalbumin(OVA),the main protein in egg white,affects most of the functional properties of egg white protein in food processing.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of spray drying(SD)and microwave free...Ovalbumin(OVA),the main protein in egg white,affects most of the functional properties of egg white protein in food processing.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of spray drying(SD)and microwave freeze drying(MFD)on the preparation of hydrolyzed/glycosylated ovalbumin(HGOVA)and provide useful information on the applications of egg protein powders in the food industry.Results demonstrated that the structure of HGOVA was considerably changed,and its functional properties were improved compared with those of native OVA.SD and MFD processing did not lead to dissociation of HGOVA subunits.SD-HGOVA exhibited higher protein solubility,emulsifying activity,foaming capacities,and gel hardness than MFD-HGOVA.However,MFD-HGOVA was better than the SD-HGOVA in terms of color,emulsion stability,foam stability,water/oil absorption capacity,and thermal stability.Selection of an appropriate drying method could enhance the potential applications of HGOVA in the food industry.展开更多
The therapeutic potential of small nucleic acids such as small interfering RNA(siRNA) to treat lung diseases has been successfully demonstrated in many in vivo studies. A major barrier to their clinical application is...The therapeutic potential of small nucleic acids such as small interfering RNA(siRNA) to treat lung diseases has been successfully demonstrated in many in vivo studies. A major barrier to their clinical application is the lack of a safe and efficient inhaled formulation.In this study, spray freeze drying was employed to prepare dry powder of small nucleic acids.Mannitol and herring sperm DNA were used as bulking agent and model of small nucleic acid therapeutics, respectively. Formulations containing different solute concentration and DNA concentration were produced. The scanning electron microscope(SEM) images showed that the porosity of the particles increased as the solute concentration decreased. Powders prepared with solute concentration of 5% w/v were found to maintain a balance between porosity and robustness. Increasing concentration of DNA improved the aerosol performance of the formulation. The dry powder formulation containing 2% w/w DNA had a median diameter of 12.5 μm, and the aerosol performance study using next generation impactor(NGI) showed an emitted fraction(EF) and fine particle fraction(FPF) of 91% and 28% respectively. This formulation(5% w/v solute concentration and 2% w/w nucleic acid) was adopted subsequently to produce siRNA powder. The gel retardation and liquid chromatography assays showed that the siRNA remained intact after spray freeze drying even in the absence of delivery vector. The siRNA powder formulation exhibited a high EF of 92.4%and a modest FPF of around 20%. Further exploration of this technology to optimise inhaled siRNA powder formulation is warranted.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the interaction between mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) and bone grafts using two different cultivation methods:static and dynamic.METHODS:MSCs were isolated from rat bone marrow.MSC culture was analyz...AIM:To investigate the interaction between mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) and bone grafts using two different cultivation methods:static and dynamic.METHODS:MSCs were isolated from rat bone marrow.MSC culture was analyzed according to the morphology,cell differentiation potential,and surface molecular markers.Before cell culture,freeze-dried bone(FDB) was maintained in culture for 3 d in order to verify culture medium pH.MSCs were co-cultured with FDB using two different cultivation methods:static co-culture(two-dimensional) and dynamic co-culture(threedimensional).After 24 h of cultivation by dynamic or static methods,histological analysis of Cell adhesion on FDB was performed.Cell viability was assessed by the Trypan Blue exclusion method on days 0,3 and 6 after dynamic or static culture.Adherent cells were detached from FDB surface,stained with Trypan Blue,and quantified to determine whether the cells remained on the graft surface in prolonged non-dynamic culture.Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS and a P 【 0.05 was considered significant.RESULTS:The results showed a clear potential for adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of MSC cultures.Rat MSCs were positive for CD44,CD90 and CD29 and negative for CD34,CD45 and CD11bc.FDBs were maintained in culture for 3 d and the results showed there was no significant variation in the culture medium pH with FDB compared to pure medium pH(P 】 0.05).In histological analysis,there was a significant difference in the amount of adhered cells on FDB between the two cultivation methods(P 【 0.05).The MSCs in the dynamic co-culture method demonstrated greater adhesion on the bone surface than in static co-culture method.On day 0,the cell viability in the dynamic system was significantly higher than in the static system(P 【 0.05).There was a statistical difference in cell viability between days 0,3 and 6 after dynamic culture(P 【 0.05).In static culture,cell viability on day 6 was significantly lower than on day 3 and 0(P 【 0.05).CONCLUSION:An alternative cultivation method was developed to improve the MSCs adhesion on FDB,demonstrating that dynamic co-culture provides a superior environment over static conditions.展开更多
Ag/TiO2/freeze-dried graphene nanocomposites have been prepared via a facile one-step solvothermal method for the photocatalytic degradation of Rh B under visible light irradiation. During the solvothermal process, re...Ag/TiO2/freeze-dried graphene nanocomposites have been prepared via a facile one-step solvothermal method for the photocatalytic degradation of Rh B under visible light irradiation. During the solvothermal process, reduction of graphene oxide and loading of Ag/TiO2nanoparticles on graphene sheets were achieved. Investigation of chemical state of products showed that covering of Ag/TiO2surface with higher weight ratio of graphene resulting in that Ag metals in Ag/TiO2were oxidized to Ag2 O in nanocomposite structure after solvothermal process. Degree of photocatalytic activity enhancement strongly depends on the coverage of Ag/TiO2surface by porous graphene. The sample of 1 wt% porous graphene hybridized Ag/TiO2showed the highest photocatalytic activity, which is related to high migration efficiency of photoinduced of electrons and reduction of electron–hole recombination rate due to high electrical conductivity of graphene. Expanding of absorption to visible light region was ascribed to surface plasmon resonance effect of Ag metals and presence of graphene. Investigation of photocatalytic performance of formic acid as a dye-less organic pollutant showed that dye sensitization effect of Rh B molecules during evaluation of photocatalytic performance was negligible.展开更多
A research and test system for the carbon anode plate preparation technology was established to optimize the physical and chemical indicators of carbon anode plates,such as bulk density,resistivity,and compressive str...A research and test system for the carbon anode plate preparation technology was established to optimize the physical and chemical indicators of carbon anode plates,such as bulk density,resistivity,and compressive strength,and improve the operating cycle.In this study,a carbon plate was prepared via a combination of high-temperature molding and freeze drying using a formulation with asphalt content much lower than the industry standard.The experimental results show that the density of the carbon plate is increased by 0.02-0.04 g/cm^(3) by improving the drying method.The carbon plate prepared in the laboratory has a bulk density of 1.814 g/cm^(3),resistivity of 29.8μΩ·m,and compressive strength of 89.27 MPa.The bulk density,room-temperature resistivity,compressive strength,graphitization,and other key indices of the carbon plates made in the laboratory and those procured from a factory in Shanxi,Datong,were tested.Additionally,the specimens were analyzed using thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry,scanning electron microscopy,and X-ray fluorescence.The laboratory-made carbon plates were superior to the factory specimens in terms of all the indicators tested.The process in this study improves the performance of the carbon anode plate and is used to provide technical support for electrolytic fluorine production in enterprises.The carbon plates prepared in the laboratory fully meet the process requirements of a medium-temperature electrolytic fluorine production line,which indicates the possibility of its use in the stable production of fluorine gas.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the antifibrotic effect of freeze-dried bilayered fibrin-binding amniotic membrane on trabeculectomy in a rabbit model. METHODS: Twenty-four Japanese white rabbits were randomized into three groups...AIM: To investigate the antifibrotic effect of freeze-dried bilayered fibrin-binding amniotic membrane on trabeculectomy in a rabbit model. METHODS: Twenty-four Japanese white rabbits were randomized into three groups: the experimental group (ocular trabeculectomy in combination with freeze-dried bilayered fibrin-binding amniotic membrane transplantation), the control group (ocular trabeculectomy in combination with natural bilayered fibrin-binding amniotic membrane) and the blank group (single trabeculectomy). Clinical observation, hematoxylin-eosin staining, Massion staining, real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry for alpha -SMA were performed on days 7, 14, 21 and 30 following surgery. RESULTS: Statistical differences were noted in survival. analysis and intraocular pressure(IOP) among groups on days 7, 14, 21 and 30 following surgery. Histology, immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR further demonstrated that trabeculectomy in combination with freeze-dried bilayered fibrin-binding amniotic membrane resulted in good wound healing and no scar formation. CONCLUSION: Self-made freeze-dried bilayered fibrin-binding amniotic membrane may inhibit the formation of scarring in glaucoma after trabeculectomy.展开更多
Plantain is a food security crop of significant nutritional value in the global south. Yet there are significant post-harvest losses, especially at the senescent stage. This review seeks to give a general overview of ...Plantain is a food security crop of significant nutritional value in the global south. Yet there are significant post-harvest losses, especially at the senescent stage. This review seeks to give a general overview of the crop, its nutritional significance and the technologies that can be adopted to enhance its utilisation at its senescent stage. In West Africa, plantains are eaten at all ripening stages, yet processing is limited to the unripe and semi-ripe. Adoptable technologies such as foam-mat drying will enhance its utilisation in indigenous meals and other food applications. This review provides useful insight to optimize the use of plantain to prevent food waste.展开更多
Camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia (H.B.K.) Mc Vaugh) is a fruit native to the Amazon region and is considered the greatest natural source of vitamin C worldwide. It is also a promising source of many phenolic compounds, incl...Camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia (H.B.K.) Mc Vaugh) is a fruit native to the Amazon region and is considered the greatest natural source of vitamin C worldwide. It is also a promising source of many phenolic compounds, including flavonoids and anthocyanins. Given the growing rates of chronic non-communicable diseases such as dyslipidemia, obesity and diabetesworldwide, freeze-dried camu-camu can be used for its functional properties, which can reduce the incidence of these diseases. Hence, the objective of this study was to produce freeze-dried camu-camu pulp and present it as an alternative functional food because of its high production and use potential, adding value to this fruit in particular, not very demanded by the food industry. Freeze-dried camu-camu pulp is a pink, homogeneous powder with great antioxidant capacity, 52,000 μmol TE/g, six times greater than freeze-dried acai powder. It is also very rich in vitamin C (20.31 g/100g), potassium (796.99 mg/100g), carbohydrates (47.00 g/100g), dietary fiber (19.23 g/100 g), many amino acids, other vitamins, and anthocyanins (0.739 mg/g). The camu-camu freeze-drying process is an effective alternative way to preserve the fruit, preserving its macronutrient and vitamin C contents. Camu-camu is also an excellent source of other bioactive compounds, such as minerals and other phenolic compounds. In conclusion, camu-camu can be used to introduce bioactive compounds into food products and to delay or prevent many human diseases.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Yiqi Fumai freeze-dry powder (YFP) on ischemic diastolic heart failure. Methods: 100 patients diagnosed with unstable angina accompanying ischemic diastolic heart failure (IDHF) ...Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Yiqi Fumai freeze-dry powder (YFP) on ischemic diastolic heart failure. Methods: 100 patients diagnosed with unstable angina accompanying ischemic diastolic heart failure (IDHF) were selected randomly. 52 patients with TCM syndrome of qi-yin deficiency were divided into Chinese and Western combination therapy group. 48 patients have no TCM syndrome of qi-yin deficiency, and were treated with standard western medicine. After treatment, Seattle Angina Questionnaire Evaluation, ECG, conventional and stress echocardiography (SE) index, NT-proBNP were compared between before and after treatment. Results: The differences of PL, TS, DP between before and after treatment by YFP were statistically significant展开更多
In this study, the Single Factor Test(SFT) was used to optimize the pre-freezing conditions of L. plantarum KLDS1.0391(KLDS1.0391). Further, the Freeze-Drying Protective Agents(FDPA) of KLDS1.0391 was optimized ...In this study, the Single Factor Test(SFT) was used to optimize the pre-freezing conditions of L. plantarum KLDS1.0391(KLDS1.0391). Further, the Freeze-Drying Protective Agents(FDPA) of KLDS1.0391 was optimized by Response Surface Methodology(RSM). The optimum pretreatment conditions were as the follows: initial concentration of KLDS1.0391 was 1011 CFU · m L-1 and KLDS1.0391 was pre-freezed at –80℃ for 8 h to achieve the survival rate of 46.21%. The main components of FDPA were skim milk, sucrose, sodium glutamate and Tween-80. And the influence of four factors on the survival rate of KLDS1.0391 in freeze-drying was in order as the follows: skim milk〉sucrose〉Tween-80〉sodium glutamate. The optimal FDPA composition was skim milk 11.3%, sucrose 9.8%, sodium glutamate 5.1% and Tween-80 0.2%. Under the above conditions, the survival rate of the cells was 82.98%. Comparing the predicted values, the relative error was 0.37% and the difference was not significant, which indicated that the established model could effectively reflect the actual protection of FDPA to KLDS1.0391.展开更多
Freeze drying is reported to be the best method of dehydration. Live fresh Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis) were freeze dried. The moisture content, rehydration ratio, and fatty acid composition of freeze-dri...Freeze drying is reported to be the best method of dehydration. Live fresh Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis) were freeze dried. The moisture content, rehydration ratio, and fatty acid composition of freeze-dried crabs were analysed. The applicability of using freeze drying to process high-value E. sinensis, so as to prolong the time duration of their storage and marketing, were discussed. After lyophilisation, the average moisture content was 6%. The physical properties (shape, size, and colour) of the musculature and viscera were maintained well during freeze drying. The rehydration ratio was 2.15 when rehydrated for 30 min at room temperature. The levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, were higher in female freeze-dried crabs than in male crabs. After full rehydration, the fatty acid composition of freeze-dried crabs showed no significant differences to that of frozen crabs after thawing. In conclusion, freeze drying can well preserve the physical properties of the edible parts and fatty acid composition of the viscera in high-value E. sinensis. Rehydration has no destruction of the nutritional value regarding to the fatty acid composition. Therefore, freeze drying is a suitable technique for the processing of high-value E. sinensis.展开更多
The study was aimed to enhance the nutritional quality of sponge cakes with oyster mushroom (<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pleurotus</span></i><span style="font-family...The study was aimed to enhance the nutritional quality of sponge cakes with oyster mushroom (<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pleurotus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sajor-caju</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">). In this study, the physicochemical, functional, and sensory properties of cake supplemented with five different levels of mushroom powder (0 as control, 5%, 7%, 10%, and 12%) were evaluated. The results revealed that both hot air dried (HD) and freeze dried (FD) mushroom powder contained a higher amount of protein, fat, ash and fiber ontent compared with wheat flour used in cake, but the carbohydrate and moisture content showed the reverse trend. The study also found that increasing the level of fortification from 0% to 12% mushroom powder also increased the protein, fat, ash, and fiber content in the cake. FD mushroom powder significantly (p ≤ 0.05) recorded the highest protein (11.72% - 15.16%), fat (20.01% - 21.9%), ash (1.75% - 1.92%), and fiber (1.39% - 1.74%) with increasing the level of supplementation from 5%</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">12%. In contrast, carbohydrate content of cake decreased from 34.13% - 31.15% with increasing the level of FD mushroom from 5% - 12%. Also</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the volume and weight of the cake with FD mushroom were higher compared to HD and control sample. The results of sensory evaluation indicated that sponge cake with 10% FD oyster mushroom was rated the most acceptable after the control.</span>展开更多
Different food operations have been intensified through assisting them by instant controlled pressure drop DIC treatment. Such processes should be defined in order to preserve the main nutritional and sensorial conten...Different food operations have been intensified through assisting them by instant controlled pressure drop DIC treatment. Such processes should be defined in order to preserve the main nutritional and sensorial contents of the raw material. The present paper is dedicated to study the evolution of the main bioactive compounds (total phenolics and flavonoids) and functional properties such as the antioxidant activity of processed samples in the case of Green “Poblano” Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Results issued from DIC-assisted hot air drying, and DIC-assisted freezing, allowed to identifying the impact of DIC studied operating parameters, which were the saturated steam pressure and the processing time, and the best DIC treatment correlated with the considered operation.展开更多
The aim of the study was to determine the best food absorbents between wheat, rice and maize bran and palm kernel cake, from a technical and economic point of view, in order to make a better recommandation for their u...The aim of the study was to determine the best food absorbents between wheat, rice and maize bran and palm kernel cake, from a technical and economic point of view, in order to make a better recommandation for their use in the production process of food based on mango by-products (peels, peels + pulp). To this end, series of 18 kg of fresh feed were prepared and spread out in a stall for sun-drying using a randomized Fisher system. Preparations were made using either mango peels (75%) + absorbent (25%) or pulp + mango peels (67%) + sorbent (33%). The results show that mango Peel feed loses more water (WL) with lover production yields (PY), higher mango incorporation rates into dry feed (MRI), longer drying times (UDT) and lower production costs (CPkgPD) than mango peel + pulp. The average DM, MAT, ADF and NDF fiber contents were almost equal to those of mango peels + pulp feed. The average Crude Fiber (CF) (25.13%) and DEp (2839 kcal/kgDM) contents were higher for mango skin feed than for mango skin + pulp feed, at 8.59% and 2536 for MAT and DEp respectively. Mango peels + wheat bran (PSB25) and whole mango (MESB33) feeds recorded the highest and almost equal levels of TCP, NDF and MM. Production costs per kg of feed dry mater (CPkgDM) for feed produced at 25% were on average 33% higher than for whole mango (WM) feed. Excluding mango raw material, palm kernel meal (PK), rice bran (RB), maize bran (MB) and wheat bran (WB) can be ranked 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th in terms of cumulative performance of production parameters. Producers can then choose the type of sorbent they wish to use according to this ranking and the local availability of the sorbent. These feeds can be used for both ruminants and monogastrics, but are better suited to ruminant feeding due to their high fiber content.展开更多
Iraq is part of the Fertile Crescent with the two large rivers:Tigris and Euphrates and their tributaries that secure the required quantity and quality of water to the Iraqi population for their different uses;includi...Iraq is part of the Fertile Crescent with the two large rivers:Tigris and Euphrates and their tributaries that secure the required quantity and quality of water to the Iraqi population for their different uses;including agriculture,industry,and other domestic requirements.During the last decades,however,the quantity and quality of water in these rivers decreased causing water scarcity in the country.This scarcity is having severe impacts on food security in Iraq since large cultivated areas in different parts of the country that grow different agricultural products have been abandoned due to lack of water.The worsening situation is attributed mainly to global climate changes including decreasing rainfall amounts,increase in air temperature,and insufficient water inflows in the two main rivers and their tributaries.This last issue is exasperated by the unfair water sharing policies of the riparian countries namely Turkey and Iran.In writing this article relevant data from different sources were used.Numerous published reports and papers dealing with this important issue were consulted,while at the same time,the long experience of the authors in these very important issues was also drawn upon to elucidate the difficulties that are current today and those expected in the future in this field.展开更多
基金Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1704114)Key Scientific Research Program of Henan Province(No.182102110346,161100110900).
文摘Ovalbumin(OVA),the main protein in egg white,affects most of the functional properties of egg white protein in food processing.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of spray drying(SD)and microwave freeze drying(MFD)on the preparation of hydrolyzed/glycosylated ovalbumin(HGOVA)and provide useful information on the applications of egg protein powders in the food industry.Results demonstrated that the structure of HGOVA was considerably changed,and its functional properties were improved compared with those of native OVA.SD and MFD processing did not lead to dissociation of HGOVA subunits.SD-HGOVA exhibited higher protein solubility,emulsifying activity,foaming capacities,and gel hardness than MFD-HGOVA.However,MFD-HGOVA was better than the SD-HGOVA in terms of color,emulsion stability,foam stability,water/oil absorption capacity,and thermal stability.Selection of an appropriate drying method could enhance the potential applications of HGOVA in the food industry.
基金funded by the Health and Medical Research Fund, Hong Kong (15140962)Research Grant Council, Hong Kong (17110414)
文摘The therapeutic potential of small nucleic acids such as small interfering RNA(siRNA) to treat lung diseases has been successfully demonstrated in many in vivo studies. A major barrier to their clinical application is the lack of a safe and efficient inhaled formulation.In this study, spray freeze drying was employed to prepare dry powder of small nucleic acids.Mannitol and herring sperm DNA were used as bulking agent and model of small nucleic acid therapeutics, respectively. Formulations containing different solute concentration and DNA concentration were produced. The scanning electron microscope(SEM) images showed that the porosity of the particles increased as the solute concentration decreased. Powders prepared with solute concentration of 5% w/v were found to maintain a balance between porosity and robustness. Increasing concentration of DNA improved the aerosol performance of the formulation. The dry powder formulation containing 2% w/w DNA had a median diameter of 12.5 μm, and the aerosol performance study using next generation impactor(NGI) showed an emitted fraction(EF) and fine particle fraction(FPF) of 91% and 28% respectively. This formulation(5% w/v solute concentration and 2% w/w nucleic acid) was adopted subsequently to produce siRNA powder. The gel retardation and liquid chromatography assays showed that the siRNA remained intact after spray freeze drying even in the absence of delivery vector. The siRNA powder formulation exhibited a high EF of 92.4%and a modest FPF of around 20%. Further exploration of this technology to optimise inhaled siRNA powder formulation is warranted.
基金Supported by Fundo de Incentivo à Pesquisa e Eventos do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico(CNPq)
文摘AIM:To investigate the interaction between mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) and bone grafts using two different cultivation methods:static and dynamic.METHODS:MSCs were isolated from rat bone marrow.MSC culture was analyzed according to the morphology,cell differentiation potential,and surface molecular markers.Before cell culture,freeze-dried bone(FDB) was maintained in culture for 3 d in order to verify culture medium pH.MSCs were co-cultured with FDB using two different cultivation methods:static co-culture(two-dimensional) and dynamic co-culture(threedimensional).After 24 h of cultivation by dynamic or static methods,histological analysis of Cell adhesion on FDB was performed.Cell viability was assessed by the Trypan Blue exclusion method on days 0,3 and 6 after dynamic or static culture.Adherent cells were detached from FDB surface,stained with Trypan Blue,and quantified to determine whether the cells remained on the graft surface in prolonged non-dynamic culture.Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS and a P 【 0.05 was considered significant.RESULTS:The results showed a clear potential for adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of MSC cultures.Rat MSCs were positive for CD44,CD90 and CD29 and negative for CD34,CD45 and CD11bc.FDBs were maintained in culture for 3 d and the results showed there was no significant variation in the culture medium pH with FDB compared to pure medium pH(P 】 0.05).In histological analysis,there was a significant difference in the amount of adhered cells on FDB between the two cultivation methods(P 【 0.05).The MSCs in the dynamic co-culture method demonstrated greater adhesion on the bone surface than in static co-culture method.On day 0,the cell viability in the dynamic system was significantly higher than in the static system(P 【 0.05).There was a statistical difference in cell viability between days 0,3 and 6 after dynamic culture(P 【 0.05).In static culture,cell viability on day 6 was significantly lower than on day 3 and 0(P 【 0.05).CONCLUSION:An alternative cultivation method was developed to improve the MSCs adhesion on FDB,demonstrating that dynamic co-culture provides a superior environment over static conditions.
文摘Ag/TiO2/freeze-dried graphene nanocomposites have been prepared via a facile one-step solvothermal method for the photocatalytic degradation of Rh B under visible light irradiation. During the solvothermal process, reduction of graphene oxide and loading of Ag/TiO2nanoparticles on graphene sheets were achieved. Investigation of chemical state of products showed that covering of Ag/TiO2surface with higher weight ratio of graphene resulting in that Ag metals in Ag/TiO2were oxidized to Ag2 O in nanocomposite structure after solvothermal process. Degree of photocatalytic activity enhancement strongly depends on the coverage of Ag/TiO2surface by porous graphene. The sample of 1 wt% porous graphene hybridized Ag/TiO2showed the highest photocatalytic activity, which is related to high migration efficiency of photoinduced of electrons and reduction of electron–hole recombination rate due to high electrical conductivity of graphene. Expanding of absorption to visible light region was ascribed to surface plasmon resonance effect of Ag metals and presence of graphene. Investigation of photocatalytic performance of formic acid as a dye-less organic pollutant showed that dye sensitization effect of Rh B molecules during evaluation of photocatalytic performance was negligible.
基金Funded by the National Key Research and Development Plan(No.2017YFB0307504)。
文摘A research and test system for the carbon anode plate preparation technology was established to optimize the physical and chemical indicators of carbon anode plates,such as bulk density,resistivity,and compressive strength,and improve the operating cycle.In this study,a carbon plate was prepared via a combination of high-temperature molding and freeze drying using a formulation with asphalt content much lower than the industry standard.The experimental results show that the density of the carbon plate is increased by 0.02-0.04 g/cm^(3) by improving the drying method.The carbon plate prepared in the laboratory has a bulk density of 1.814 g/cm^(3),resistivity of 29.8μΩ·m,and compressive strength of 89.27 MPa.The bulk density,room-temperature resistivity,compressive strength,graphitization,and other key indices of the carbon plates made in the laboratory and those procured from a factory in Shanxi,Datong,were tested.Additionally,the specimens were analyzed using thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry,scanning electron microscopy,and X-ray fluorescence.The laboratory-made carbon plates were superior to the factory specimens in terms of all the indicators tested.The process in this study improves the performance of the carbon anode plate and is used to provide technical support for electrolytic fluorine production in enterprises.The carbon plates prepared in the laboratory fully meet the process requirements of a medium-temperature electrolytic fluorine production line,which indicates the possibility of its use in the stable production of fluorine gas.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,China (No. 2008cda055)
文摘AIM: To investigate the antifibrotic effect of freeze-dried bilayered fibrin-binding amniotic membrane on trabeculectomy in a rabbit model. METHODS: Twenty-four Japanese white rabbits were randomized into three groups: the experimental group (ocular trabeculectomy in combination with freeze-dried bilayered fibrin-binding amniotic membrane transplantation), the control group (ocular trabeculectomy in combination with natural bilayered fibrin-binding amniotic membrane) and the blank group (single trabeculectomy). Clinical observation, hematoxylin-eosin staining, Massion staining, real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry for alpha -SMA were performed on days 7, 14, 21 and 30 following surgery. RESULTS: Statistical differences were noted in survival. analysis and intraocular pressure(IOP) among groups on days 7, 14, 21 and 30 following surgery. Histology, immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR further demonstrated that trabeculectomy in combination with freeze-dried bilayered fibrin-binding amniotic membrane resulted in good wound healing and no scar formation. CONCLUSION: Self-made freeze-dried bilayered fibrin-binding amniotic membrane may inhibit the formation of scarring in glaucoma after trabeculectomy.
文摘Plantain is a food security crop of significant nutritional value in the global south. Yet there are significant post-harvest losses, especially at the senescent stage. This review seeks to give a general overview of the crop, its nutritional significance and the technologies that can be adopted to enhance its utilisation at its senescent stage. In West Africa, plantains are eaten at all ripening stages, yet processing is limited to the unripe and semi-ripe. Adoptable technologies such as foam-mat drying will enhance its utilisation in indigenous meals and other food applications. This review provides useful insight to optimize the use of plantain to prevent food waste.
文摘Camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia (H.B.K.) Mc Vaugh) is a fruit native to the Amazon region and is considered the greatest natural source of vitamin C worldwide. It is also a promising source of many phenolic compounds, including flavonoids and anthocyanins. Given the growing rates of chronic non-communicable diseases such as dyslipidemia, obesity and diabetesworldwide, freeze-dried camu-camu can be used for its functional properties, which can reduce the incidence of these diseases. Hence, the objective of this study was to produce freeze-dried camu-camu pulp and present it as an alternative functional food because of its high production and use potential, adding value to this fruit in particular, not very demanded by the food industry. Freeze-dried camu-camu pulp is a pink, homogeneous powder with great antioxidant capacity, 52,000 μmol TE/g, six times greater than freeze-dried acai powder. It is also very rich in vitamin C (20.31 g/100g), potassium (796.99 mg/100g), carbohydrates (47.00 g/100g), dietary fiber (19.23 g/100 g), many amino acids, other vitamins, and anthocyanins (0.739 mg/g). The camu-camu freeze-drying process is an effective alternative way to preserve the fruit, preserving its macronutrient and vitamin C contents. Camu-camu is also an excellent source of other bioactive compounds, such as minerals and other phenolic compounds. In conclusion, camu-camu can be used to introduce bioactive compounds into food products and to delay or prevent many human diseases.
文摘Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Yiqi Fumai freeze-dry powder (YFP) on ischemic diastolic heart failure. Methods: 100 patients diagnosed with unstable angina accompanying ischemic diastolic heart failure (IDHF) were selected randomly. 52 patients with TCM syndrome of qi-yin deficiency were divided into Chinese and Western combination therapy group. 48 patients have no TCM syndrome of qi-yin deficiency, and were treated with standard western medicine. After treatment, Seattle Angina Questionnaire Evaluation, ECG, conventional and stress echocardiography (SE) index, NT-proBNP were compared between before and after treatment. Results: The differences of PL, TS, DP between before and after treatment by YFP were statistically significant
基金Supported by the Outstanding Youth Scientists Foundation of Harbin City(2014RFYXJ006)
文摘In this study, the Single Factor Test(SFT) was used to optimize the pre-freezing conditions of L. plantarum KLDS1.0391(KLDS1.0391). Further, the Freeze-Drying Protective Agents(FDPA) of KLDS1.0391 was optimized by Response Surface Methodology(RSM). The optimum pretreatment conditions were as the follows: initial concentration of KLDS1.0391 was 1011 CFU · m L-1 and KLDS1.0391 was pre-freezed at –80℃ for 8 h to achieve the survival rate of 46.21%. The main components of FDPA were skim milk, sucrose, sodium glutamate and Tween-80. And the influence of four factors on the survival rate of KLDS1.0391 in freeze-drying was in order as the follows: skim milk〉sucrose〉Tween-80〉sodium glutamate. The optimal FDPA composition was skim milk 11.3%, sucrose 9.8%, sodium glutamate 5.1% and Tween-80 0.2%. Under the above conditions, the survival rate of the cells was 82.98%. Comparing the predicted values, the relative error was 0.37% and the difference was not significant, which indicated that the established model could effectively reflect the actual protection of FDPA to KLDS1.0391.
文摘Freeze drying is reported to be the best method of dehydration. Live fresh Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis) were freeze dried. The moisture content, rehydration ratio, and fatty acid composition of freeze-dried crabs were analysed. The applicability of using freeze drying to process high-value E. sinensis, so as to prolong the time duration of their storage and marketing, were discussed. After lyophilisation, the average moisture content was 6%. The physical properties (shape, size, and colour) of the musculature and viscera were maintained well during freeze drying. The rehydration ratio was 2.15 when rehydrated for 30 min at room temperature. The levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, were higher in female freeze-dried crabs than in male crabs. After full rehydration, the fatty acid composition of freeze-dried crabs showed no significant differences to that of frozen crabs after thawing. In conclusion, freeze drying can well preserve the physical properties of the edible parts and fatty acid composition of the viscera in high-value E. sinensis. Rehydration has no destruction of the nutritional value regarding to the fatty acid composition. Therefore, freeze drying is a suitable technique for the processing of high-value E. sinensis.
文摘The study was aimed to enhance the nutritional quality of sponge cakes with oyster mushroom (<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pleurotus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sajor-caju</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">). In this study, the physicochemical, functional, and sensory properties of cake supplemented with five different levels of mushroom powder (0 as control, 5%, 7%, 10%, and 12%) were evaluated. The results revealed that both hot air dried (HD) and freeze dried (FD) mushroom powder contained a higher amount of protein, fat, ash and fiber ontent compared with wheat flour used in cake, but the carbohydrate and moisture content showed the reverse trend. The study also found that increasing the level of fortification from 0% to 12% mushroom powder also increased the protein, fat, ash, and fiber content in the cake. FD mushroom powder significantly (p ≤ 0.05) recorded the highest protein (11.72% - 15.16%), fat (20.01% - 21.9%), ash (1.75% - 1.92%), and fiber (1.39% - 1.74%) with increasing the level of supplementation from 5%</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">12%. In contrast, carbohydrate content of cake decreased from 34.13% - 31.15% with increasing the level of FD mushroom from 5% - 12%. Also</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the volume and weight of the cake with FD mushroom were higher compared to HD and control sample. The results of sensory evaluation indicated that sponge cake with 10% FD oyster mushroom was rated the most acceptable after the control.</span>
文摘Different food operations have been intensified through assisting them by instant controlled pressure drop DIC treatment. Such processes should be defined in order to preserve the main nutritional and sensorial contents of the raw material. The present paper is dedicated to study the evolution of the main bioactive compounds (total phenolics and flavonoids) and functional properties such as the antioxidant activity of processed samples in the case of Green “Poblano” Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Results issued from DIC-assisted hot air drying, and DIC-assisted freezing, allowed to identifying the impact of DIC studied operating parameters, which were the saturated steam pressure and the processing time, and the best DIC treatment correlated with the considered operation.
文摘The aim of the study was to determine the best food absorbents between wheat, rice and maize bran and palm kernel cake, from a technical and economic point of view, in order to make a better recommandation for their use in the production process of food based on mango by-products (peels, peels + pulp). To this end, series of 18 kg of fresh feed were prepared and spread out in a stall for sun-drying using a randomized Fisher system. Preparations were made using either mango peels (75%) + absorbent (25%) or pulp + mango peels (67%) + sorbent (33%). The results show that mango Peel feed loses more water (WL) with lover production yields (PY), higher mango incorporation rates into dry feed (MRI), longer drying times (UDT) and lower production costs (CPkgPD) than mango peel + pulp. The average DM, MAT, ADF and NDF fiber contents were almost equal to those of mango peels + pulp feed. The average Crude Fiber (CF) (25.13%) and DEp (2839 kcal/kgDM) contents were higher for mango skin feed than for mango skin + pulp feed, at 8.59% and 2536 for MAT and DEp respectively. Mango peels + wheat bran (PSB25) and whole mango (MESB33) feeds recorded the highest and almost equal levels of TCP, NDF and MM. Production costs per kg of feed dry mater (CPkgDM) for feed produced at 25% were on average 33% higher than for whole mango (WM) feed. Excluding mango raw material, palm kernel meal (PK), rice bran (RB), maize bran (MB) and wheat bran (WB) can be ranked 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th in terms of cumulative performance of production parameters. Producers can then choose the type of sorbent they wish to use according to this ranking and the local availability of the sorbent. These feeds can be used for both ruminants and monogastrics, but are better suited to ruminant feeding due to their high fiber content.
文摘Iraq is part of the Fertile Crescent with the two large rivers:Tigris and Euphrates and their tributaries that secure the required quantity and quality of water to the Iraqi population for their different uses;including agriculture,industry,and other domestic requirements.During the last decades,however,the quantity and quality of water in these rivers decreased causing water scarcity in the country.This scarcity is having severe impacts on food security in Iraq since large cultivated areas in different parts of the country that grow different agricultural products have been abandoned due to lack of water.The worsening situation is attributed mainly to global climate changes including decreasing rainfall amounts,increase in air temperature,and insufficient water inflows in the two main rivers and their tributaries.This last issue is exasperated by the unfair water sharing policies of the riparian countries namely Turkey and Iran.In writing this article relevant data from different sources were used.Numerous published reports and papers dealing with this important issue were consulted,while at the same time,the long experience of the authors in these very important issues was also drawn upon to elucidate the difficulties that are current today and those expected in the future in this field.