The fertility of sows mainly depends on the embryo losses during gestation and the survival rate of the postfarrowing piglets.The selection of highly-prolific sows has been mainly focused on the selection of genotypes...The fertility of sows mainly depends on the embryo losses during gestation and the survival rate of the postfarrowing piglets.The selection of highly-prolific sows has been mainly focused on the selection of genotypes with high ovulatory quota.However,in the early-and post-implantation stages,the rate of embryo losses was increased with the increase of zygotes.Among the various factors,placental growth and development is the vital determinant for fetal survival,growth,and development.Despite the potential survival of fetuses with deficient placental development,their life-conditions and growth can be damaged by a process termed intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR).The newborn piglets affected by IUGR are prone to increased morbidity and mortality rates;meanwhile,the growth,health and welfare of the surviving piglets will remain hampered by these conditions,with a tendency to exacerbate with age.Functional amino acids such as glycine,proline,and arginine continue to increase with the development of placenta,which are not only essential to placental growth(including vascular growth)and development,but can also be used as substrates for the production of glutathione,polyamines and nitric oxide to benefit placental function in many ways.However,the exact regulation mechanism of these amino acids in placental function has not yet been clarified.In this review,we provide evidence from literature and our own work for the role and mechanism of dietary functional amino acids during pregnancy in regulating the placental functional response to fetal loss and birth weight of piglets.This review will provide novel insights into the response of nutritionally nonessential amino acids(glycine and proline)to placental development as well as feasible strategies to enhance the fertility of sows.展开更多
Background： To induce peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor α（PPARα） expression and increase milk fat utilization in pigs at birth, the effect of maternal feeding of the PPARα agonist, clofibrate（2-（4-ch...Background： To induce peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor α（PPARα） expression and increase milk fat utilization in pigs at birth, the effect of maternal feeding of the PPARα agonist, clofibrate（2-（4-chlorophenoxy）-2-methyl-propanoic acid, ethyl ester）, on fatty acid oxidation was examined at ful-term delivery（0 h） and 24 h after delivery in this study.Each group of pigs（n = 10） was delivered from pregnant sows fed a commercial diet with or without 0.8% clofibrate for the last 7 d of gestation. Blood samples were col ected from the utero-ovarian artery of the sows and the umbilical cords of the pigs as they were removed from the sows by C-section on day 113 of gestation.Results： HPLC analysis identified that clofibric acid was present in the plasma of the clofibrate-fed sow（~4.2 μg/m L）and its offspring（~1.5 μg/m L）. Furthermore, the maternal-fed clofibrate had no impact on the liver weight of the pigs at 0 h and 24 h, but hepatic fatty acid oxidation examined in fresh homogenates showed that clofibrate increased（P 〈 0.01）^14C-accumulation in CO2 and acid soluble products 2.9-fold from [1-^14C]-oleic acid and 1.6-fold from[1-^14C]-lignoceric acid respectively. Correspondingly, clofibrate increased fetal hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase（CPT）and acyl-Co A oxidase（ACO） activities by 36% and 42% over controls（P 〈 0.036）. The m RNA abundance of CPT I was 20-fold higher in pigs exposed to clofibrate（P 〈 0.0001） but no differences were detected for ACO and PPARα m RNA between the two groups.Conclusion： These data demonstrate that dietary clofibrate is absorbed by the sow, crosses the placental membrane, and enters fetal circulation to induce hepatic fatty acid oxidation by increasing the CPT and ACO activities of the newborn.展开更多
目的分离鉴定猪胎盘蛋白。方法十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)切胶处理猪胎盘提取物后,通过基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)对其进行分离鉴定。结果 SDS-PAGE电泳中7条条带最清晰(对应蛋白含有量较高),...目的分离鉴定猪胎盘蛋白。方法十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)切胶处理猪胎盘提取物后,通过基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)对其进行分离鉴定。结果 SDS-PAGE电泳中7条条带最清晰(对应蛋白含有量较高),分子量分别为77.27、68.21、57.85、53.57、46.44、37.16、15.00 k D,分别归属于葡萄糖调节蛋白78、热休克蛋白8、蛋白质二硫键异构酶A3前体蛋白、脯氨酰4-羟化酶β多肽、β细胞骨架肌动蛋白片段、醛糖还原酶、β血红蛋白亚基。结论所首次鉴定出的7个蛋白是猪胎盘增强细胞活力、提高免疫力、抗氧化活性的物质基础,可为相关研究奠定基础。展开更多
Somatic cell nuclear transfer(SCNT)-derived piglets have signi?cantly higher stillbirth rate and postnatal mortality rate than arti?cial insemination(AI)-generated piglets. The question whether the low survival rate o...Somatic cell nuclear transfer(SCNT)-derived piglets have signi?cantly higher stillbirth rate and postnatal mortality rate than arti?cial insemination(AI)-generated piglets. The question whether the low survival rate of SCNT piglets was related to birth weight, umbilical cord or placenta development was investigated. In this study,stillbirth rate, neonatal death rate, birth weight, umbilical cord status, placental parameters and placental gene expression patterns were compared between SCNT and AI piglets. Results showed that mortality rates at birth and during the neonatal stage of SCNT piglets were signi?-cantly higher than those of AI piglets. The incidence of abnormal umbilical cord in SCNT and SCNT-liveborn(SCNT-LB) piglets was signi?cantly higher than in AI and AI-liveborn(AI-LB) piglets. Birth weight, placental weight, placental surface area and placental ef?ciency in SCNT and SCNT-LB piglets were signi?cantly lower than those of AI and AI-LB piglets. Placental expression pro?les of imprinting, angiopoiesis and nutrient transportrelated genes were defective in SCNT-LB piglets compared with those in AI-LB piglets. Thus, the low survival rate of SCNT piglets may be associated with abnormal umbilical cord and placenta development. These characteristics may have resulted from aberrant expression of angiogenesis, nutrient transport, and imprinting-related genes in the placentas.展开更多
基金jointly supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFD1300401)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31902165)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2021A1515012116)
文摘The fertility of sows mainly depends on the embryo losses during gestation and the survival rate of the postfarrowing piglets.The selection of highly-prolific sows has been mainly focused on the selection of genotypes with high ovulatory quota.However,in the early-and post-implantation stages,the rate of embryo losses was increased with the increase of zygotes.Among the various factors,placental growth and development is the vital determinant for fetal survival,growth,and development.Despite the potential survival of fetuses with deficient placental development,their life-conditions and growth can be damaged by a process termed intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR).The newborn piglets affected by IUGR are prone to increased morbidity and mortality rates;meanwhile,the growth,health and welfare of the surviving piglets will remain hampered by these conditions,with a tendency to exacerbate with age.Functional amino acids such as glycine,proline,and arginine continue to increase with the development of placenta,which are not only essential to placental growth(including vascular growth)and development,but can also be used as substrates for the production of glutathione,polyamines and nitric oxide to benefit placental function in many ways.However,the exact regulation mechanism of these amino acids in placental function has not yet been clarified.In this review,we provide evidence from literature and our own work for the role and mechanism of dietary functional amino acids during pregnancy in regulating the placental functional response to fetal loss and birth weight of piglets.This review will provide novel insights into the response of nutritionally nonessential amino acids(glycine and proline)to placental development as well as feasible strategies to enhance the fertility of sows.
文摘Background： To induce peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor α（PPARα） expression and increase milk fat utilization in pigs at birth, the effect of maternal feeding of the PPARα agonist, clofibrate（2-（4-chlorophenoxy）-2-methyl-propanoic acid, ethyl ester）, on fatty acid oxidation was examined at ful-term delivery（0 h） and 24 h after delivery in this study.Each group of pigs（n = 10） was delivered from pregnant sows fed a commercial diet with or without 0.8% clofibrate for the last 7 d of gestation. Blood samples were col ected from the utero-ovarian artery of the sows and the umbilical cords of the pigs as they were removed from the sows by C-section on day 113 of gestation.Results： HPLC analysis identified that clofibric acid was present in the plasma of the clofibrate-fed sow（~4.2 μg/m L）and its offspring（~1.5 μg/m L）. Furthermore, the maternal-fed clofibrate had no impact on the liver weight of the pigs at 0 h and 24 h, but hepatic fatty acid oxidation examined in fresh homogenates showed that clofibrate increased（P 〈 0.01）^14C-accumulation in CO2 and acid soluble products 2.9-fold from [1-^14C]-oleic acid and 1.6-fold from[1-^14C]-lignoceric acid respectively. Correspondingly, clofibrate increased fetal hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase（CPT）and acyl-Co A oxidase（ACO） activities by 36% and 42% over controls（P 〈 0.036）. The m RNA abundance of CPT I was 20-fold higher in pigs exposed to clofibrate（P 〈 0.0001） but no differences were detected for ACO and PPARα m RNA between the two groups.Conclusion： These data demonstrate that dietary clofibrate is absorbed by the sow, crosses the placental membrane, and enters fetal circulation to induce hepatic fatty acid oxidation by increasing the CPT and ACO activities of the newborn.
文摘目的分离鉴定猪胎盘蛋白。方法十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)切胶处理猪胎盘提取物后,通过基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)对其进行分离鉴定。结果 SDS-PAGE电泳中7条条带最清晰(对应蛋白含有量较高),分子量分别为77.27、68.21、57.85、53.57、46.44、37.16、15.00 k D,分别归属于葡萄糖调节蛋白78、热休克蛋白8、蛋白质二硫键异构酶A3前体蛋白、脯氨酰4-羟化酶β多肽、β细胞骨架肌动蛋白片段、醛糖还原酶、β血红蛋白亚基。结论所首次鉴定出的7个蛋白是猪胎盘增强细胞活力、提高免疫力、抗氧化活性的物质基础,可为相关研究奠定基础。
基金supported by two grants received from the Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province, China (2016B020233006 and 2016A020210074)
文摘Somatic cell nuclear transfer(SCNT)-derived piglets have signi?cantly higher stillbirth rate and postnatal mortality rate than arti?cial insemination(AI)-generated piglets. The question whether the low survival rate of SCNT piglets was related to birth weight, umbilical cord or placenta development was investigated. In this study,stillbirth rate, neonatal death rate, birth weight, umbilical cord status, placental parameters and placental gene expression patterns were compared between SCNT and AI piglets. Results showed that mortality rates at birth and during the neonatal stage of SCNT piglets were signi?-cantly higher than those of AI piglets. The incidence of abnormal umbilical cord in SCNT and SCNT-liveborn(SCNT-LB) piglets was signi?cantly higher than in AI and AI-liveborn(AI-LB) piglets. Birth weight, placental weight, placental surface area and placental ef?ciency in SCNT and SCNT-LB piglets were signi?cantly lower than those of AI and AI-LB piglets. Placental expression pro?les of imprinting, angiopoiesis and nutrient transportrelated genes were defective in SCNT-LB piglets compared with those in AI-LB piglets. Thus, the low survival rate of SCNT piglets may be associated with abnormal umbilical cord and placenta development. These characteristics may have resulted from aberrant expression of angiogenesis, nutrient transport, and imprinting-related genes in the placentas.
