Sensory Evaluation of Freeze-Dried Facial Mask and Analysis of User Profile

To thoroughly understand market opportunity of freeze-dried facial mask and deeply get insight of consumers’usage behavior and needs,evaluate sensory feelings of 10 screened commercial freeze-dried facial mask products,group test products according to the differences of sensory attributions via Principal Component Analysis(PCA)and Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering(AHC),pick up the representative products.Freeze-dried facial mask users evaluate satisfaction degree of picked up products and participate survey of usage behavior/cognition.Analyze consumer data by AHC to get consumer segmentations and their profile.The test results show that,sensory data and consumer data,which is from consumers test of screened representative products by performing PCA and AHC on sensory data,can be verified mutually.It is helpful to understand the needs of consumer segmentations and reason to buy by combining sensory data and consumer test.

Preparation of lactic acid bacteria compound starter cultures based on pasting properties and its improvement of glutinous rice flour and dough

The effects of 5 lactic acid bacteria(LAB)fermentation on the pasting properties of glutinous rice flour were compared,and suitable fermentation strains were selected based on the changes of viscosity,setback value,and breakdown value to prepare LAB compound starter cultures.The results revealed that Latilactobacillus sakei HSD004 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HSD005 had apparent advantages in increasing the viscosity and reducing the setback and breakdown values of glutinous rice flour.In particular,the compound starter created using the two abovementioned LAB in the ratio of 3:1 had better performance than that using a single LAB in improving the pasting properties and increasing the water and oil absorption capacity of glutinous rice flour.Moreover,the gelatinization enthalpy of the fermented samples increased significantly.For frozen glutinous rice dough stored for 28 days,the viscoelasticity of frozen dough prepared by compound starter was better than that of control dough,and the freezable water content was lower than that of control dough.These results indicate that compound LAB fermentation is a promising technology in the glutinous rice-based food processing industry,which has significance for its application.

通过西门子Starter软件调试G120C变频器

文章介绍了使用西门子变频器调试工具Starter软件对G120C变频器进行调试的过程。其中包括恢复出厂设置、宏应用、软件控制、电机识别、PID压力调节等功能。

Ag/TiO_2/freeze-dried graphene nanocomposite as a high performance photocatalyst under visible light irradiation

Ag/TiO2/freeze-dried graphene nanocomposites have been prepared via a facile one-step solvothermal method for the photocatalytic degradation of Rh B under visible light irradiation. During the solvothermal process, reduction of graphene oxide and loading of Ag/TiO2nanoparticles on graphene sheets were achieved. Investigation of chemical state of products showed that covering of Ag/TiO2surface with higher weight ratio of graphene resulting in that Ag metals in Ag/TiO2were oxidized to Ag2 O in nanocomposite structure after solvothermal process. Degree of photocatalytic activity enhancement strongly depends on the coverage of Ag/TiO2surface by porous graphene. The sample of 1 wt% porous graphene hybridized Ag/TiO2showed the highest photocatalytic activity, which is related to high migration efficiency of photoinduced of electrons and reduction of electron–hole recombination rate due to high electrical conductivity of graphene. Expanding of absorption to visible light region was ascribed to surface plasmon resonance effect of Ag metals and presence of graphene. Investigation of photocatalytic performance of formic acid as a dye-less organic pollutant showed that dye sensitization effect of Rh B molecules during evaluation of photocatalytic performance was negligible.

Study of self-made freeze-dried bilayered fibrin-binding amniotic membrane in ocular trabeculectomy in rabbits

AIM: To investigate the antifibrotic effect of freeze-dried bilayered fibrin-binding amniotic membrane on trabeculectomy in a rabbit model. METHODS: Twenty-four Japanese white rabbits were randomized into three groups: the experimental group (ocular trabeculectomy in combination with freeze-dried bilayered fibrin-binding amniotic membrane transplantation), the control group (ocular trabeculectomy in combination with natural bilayered fibrin-binding amniotic membrane) and the blank group (single trabeculectomy). Clinical observation, hematoxylin-eosin staining, Massion staining, real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry for alpha -SMA were performed on days 7, 14, 21 and 30 following surgery. RESULTS: Statistical differences were noted in survival. analysis and intraocular pressure(IOP) among groups on days 7, 14, 21 and 30 following surgery. Histology, immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR further demonstrated that trabeculectomy in combination with freeze-dried bilayered fibrin-binding amniotic membrane resulted in good wound healing and no scar formation. CONCLUSION: Self-made freeze-dried bilayered fibrin-binding amniotic membrane may inhibit the formation of scarring in glaucoma after trabeculectomy.

Effect of inoculating mixed starter cultures of Lactobacillus and Staphylococcus on bacterial communities and volatile flavor in fermented sausages

The objective of this study was to explore the effects of the inoculation of mixed starter cultures of Lactobacillus and Staphylococcus(labeled L-S)on microbial community and flavor in fermented sausages during the ripening process.Culture-dependent(colony count)and culture-independent(high-throughput sequencing)methods were employed to evaluate bacterial communities.Volatile compounds were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,and the results were analyzed by principal component analysis(PCA).The identified bacteria with high relative abundance included Lactobacillus and Pediococcus,and the relative abundances of Leuconostoc and Weissella in fermented sausages were remarkably decreased at the end of the ripening process.At the end of ripening,2-nonenal,tetradecanal,ethylstearate and terpinyl acetate played substantial roles in the flavor development of the L-S fermented sausages.Sensory evaluation showed a high score in the L-S fermented sausages.Sausages can be inoculated with L-S starter culture to improve the safety and flavor of meat products.

Efficacy of Yiqi Fumai (Freeze-Dried Powder) on Ischemic Diastolic Heart Failure

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Yiqi Fumai freeze-dry powder (YFP) on ischemic diastolic heart failure. Methods: 100 patients diagnosed with unstable angina accompanying ischemic diastolic heart failure (IDHF) were selected randomly. 52 patients with TCM syndrome of qi-yin deficiency were divided into Chinese and Western combination therapy group. 48 patients have no TCM syndrome of qi-yin deficiency, and were treated with standard western medicine. After treatment, Seattle Angina Questionnaire Evaluation, ECG, conventional and stress echocardiography (SE) index, NT-proBNP were compared between before and after treatment. Results: The differences of PL, TS, DP between before and after treatment by YFP were statistically significant

Effect of thermal processing and fermentation with Chinese traditional starters on characteristics and allergenicity of wheat matrix

Wheat allergy has become a serious health threat worldwide and its prevalence has increased alarmingly in the past few years.Factors such as food matrix and food processing may alter the structure of wheat proteins,and hence affect its allergenic properties.However,few reports have focused on the influence of Chinese traditional starter fermentation on wheat allergy.In this study,5 starters from different regions of China were used for fermentation,and protein characteristics were monitored by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electropheresis,and immunoreactivity analyzed by immunoassay with allergenic serum was obtained from New Zealand white rabbits.The allergenicity of steamed and baked matrices was also evaluated.The results showed that the allergenicity of wheat dough was basically increased at the beginning and then decreased during fermentation,but specific trends depend on different starters.With the progress of fermentation,especially as pH value decreased to 3.0-4.0,the allergenicity decreased significantly.Baking and steaming can reduce the allergenicity of wheat matrix,but fermentation is not a key factor affecting the allergenic activity of proteins.Our results can provide a theoretical basis for controlling wheat allergenicity in food proces sing or producing hypoallergenic food.

Viability of Two Freeze-dried Strains of Bifidobacterium Preparations at Various Temperatures during Prolonged Storage

Viability of bifidobacteria in freeze-dried probiotic products at various temperatures during prolonged storage was assessed. Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium infantis were freeze-dried. The freeze-dried preparations were stored at -18 , 4 , and 20 ℃. Cell counts were enumerated using BS agar at 37 ℃ for 48 h under anaerobic conditions at 0, 45 and 120 days. Storage at 20 ℃ showed the greatest decline in the viability of bifidobacteria, whereas that at -18 ℃ showed the least decrease.

Component Analysis of Shuanghuanglian Freeze-dried Powder and Its Effects on Human Hepatocyte Function when Combined with Cefradine

[Objectives]To detect the contents of components in Shuanghuanglian freeze-dried powder and to explore the effects of Shuanghuanglian freeze-dried powder and its components on human hepatocytes(HL-7702)alone or in combination with cefradine.[Methods]High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was used to detect the contents of baicalin,wogonin,chlorogenic acid and forsythin,the main components of Shuanghuanglian freeze-dried powder.HL-7702 cells were cultured with Shuanghuanglian freeze-dried powder and the main components of Shuanghuanglian freeze-dried powder alone or in combination with cefradine.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the contents of alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)in the cell supernatant after culture,and HPLC was used to detect the expression level of adenosine diphosphate(ADP)and adenosine triphosphate(ATP);agarose gel electrophoresis was used to detect the expression of cyclooxygenase 2(COX-2)and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)in HL-7702 cells.[Results]In Shuanghuanglian freeze-dried powder for injection,the content of baicalin was the highest,and the content of wogonin was the lowest.Compared with the control group,the expressions of AST and ALT in human hepatocytes(HL-7702)in high-dose baicalin group,forsythin group and wogonin group decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01),while the expression of ALT in chlorogenic acid+cefradine group(0.046 mg/mL)and forsythin+cefradine group(0.046 mg/mL)increased(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the expression of AST had no significant difference(P>0.05);the results in the low-dose group were similar to those in the high-dose group.Compared with the control group,ATP expression in chlorogenic acid group,chlorogenic acid+cefradine group(0.046 mg/mL)and forsythin+cefradine group(0.046 mg/mL)in the high-dose group decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01),and ADP expression was not significantly different(P>0.05);in the low-dose group,the expression of ATP and ADP increased in baicalin group(P<0.05),but decreased in wogonin group,baicalin+cefradine group(0.046 mg/mL)and wogonin group+cefradine group(0.046 mg/mL)(P<0.05,P<0.01).Compared with the control group,the expressions of COX-2 and HO-1 in HL-7702 cells in the cefradine group showed no significant difference(P>0.05).The expression of HO-1 and COX-2 in the different dose groups of Shuanghuanglian and the group combined with cefradine increased,and the difference was significant(P<0.05,P<0.01).[Conclusions]The components of Shuanghuanglian freeze-dried powder for injection had effects on hepatocytes,of which baicalin had a significant effect,and the effect of cefradine on hepatocytes was increased when used in combination with cefradine.

食品发酵剂研究进展与发展趋势浅析

食品发酵剂能够通过多种代谢途径影响发酵食品的感官特性、营养价值和益生功能,是发酵食品生产制造的核心。优良性能食品发酵剂的挖掘与制造,对发酵食品产业的高质量发展具有重要意义。本文通过综合文献调研和数据可视化分析,系统梳理当前国内外食品发酵剂研究进展及产业现状,总结食品发酵剂产业面临的挑战并展望未来发展趋势,旨在为我国优良性能食品发酵剂的研发及产业发展提供思路和借鉴。

不同发酵剂对发酵牛肉品质、风味特性和安全性的影响

牛肉富含蛋白质、脂肪含量低,深受消费者喜爱,然而其难咀嚼、附加值低。为提高牛肉的口感风味,研究本单位的3株专利菌株——W9-3罗伊氏乳杆菌、M3-16副干酪乳杆菌和MY4马克斯克鲁维酵母制备的单菌和复配发酵剂对牛肉理化、感官品质、生物胺形成和挥发性风味的影响。结果表明,与未发酵和自然发酵的牛肉相比,添加发酵剂可降低牛肉的pH(均小于5.5)、水分活度(降低0.6%~4.1%)、TBA值和羰基值,抑制组胺、色胺、酪胺和丁二胺等生物胺的形成,提升熟化牛肉的亮度和弹性,降低硬度、黏着性、咀嚼性和黏聚性。其中复配组优于单菌组。利用SPME-GC-MS方法从焙烤发酵牛肉中鉴定出86种挥发性化合物,其相对含量和主成分分析结果表明,用发酵剂发酵的烤牛肉的风味物质与未发酵和自然发酵相比形成多种新的醇、醛和酮类。感官评价表明,使用发酵剂能在一定程度上提高牛肉的组织形态、外观色泽、气味和口感。尤其是复配发酵剂可改善发酵牛肉品质,提升风味,抑制生物胺。本文为牛肉发酵工艺优化提供理论依据。

浓香双曲酿造工艺与酒醅微生物群落演替规律的研究

本研究按照浓香型白酒工艺特点,利用不锈钢发酵容器,以混合均匀后的浓香产酒大曲和浓香生香大曲作为糖化发酵剂,粉碎高粱为原料,采用清蒸混入、续糟发酵的生产方式,形成浓香双曲酿造工艺。通过常规理化分析技术和Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术对双曲酿造工艺酒醅的理化指标和微生物菌群进行测定和分析,以进一步探究其发酵机理。结果表明,整个发酵过程中理化指标的变化具有较明显的规律性,酒精度前期迅速增加,后期趋于平缓,并在第9 d时达到最大值。发酵过程中共检测出317个属,其中真菌225个、细菌92个,酒醅中主要优势真菌属有2种,伊萨酵母属(Issatchenkia)在发酵过程中占绝对优势;主要优势细菌属有3种,发酵前期乳酸菌属(Lactobacillus)占绝对优势,发酵后期unclassified-Lactobacillales占绝对优势。酒醅发酵过程中微生物群落结构的变化与理化因子有显著关系,对真菌而言,还原糖含量与双足囊菌属(Dipodascus)、嗜热子真菌属(Thermomyces)的相对丰度呈极显著正相关;对细菌而言,淀粉和还原糖的含量与葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)相对丰度呈显著正相关,水分含量和酒精度与unclassified-Lactobacillales相对丰度呈显著正相关。酒醅发酵过程中温度、酒精度和酸度推动了微生物群落结构的演替。

某液体火箭发动机用起动器峰值压力时间超差故障研究

针对某液体火箭发动机用起动器峰值压力时间超差故障,进行了原因分析,提出了改进措施并对其有效性进行了试验验证。结果表明:造成起动器峰值压力时间超差故障的原因为起动器内膜片与端盖间的焊接强度不足,在高温燃气冲击下膜片过早脱落、烧蚀,从而导致压力提前泄放。提出将1圈焊接改进为2圈焊接、将点焊改进为连续焊接,焊接后增加气密性及承压性能检测,以及加强削弱槽深度检测等改进措施。验证试验表明上述改进措施可有效避免起动器出现峰值压力时间超差故障。

基于高通量测序技术对不同地区米酒曲微生物群落结构的分析

采用高通量测序技术对湖北宜昌当地传统米酒曲与广西玉林传统米酒曲中的微生物群落结构进行解析,获得了酒曲中主要微生物种属和占比。结果表明,广西米酒曲在物种丰富度以及群落多样性上均高于宜昌米酒曲;广西米酒曲中优势真菌属以根霉属(Rhizopus)、毛霉属(Mucor)、毕赤酵母属(Pichia)和假丝酵母属(Candida)为主,宜昌米酒曲中根霉属(Rhizopus)和毛霉属(Mucor)为优势菌属;在细菌属水平上,广西米酒曲以片球菌属(Pediococcus)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、魏斯氏属(Weissella)、乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)为主,宜昌米酒曲优势菌属为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和魏斯氏属(Weissella);ASV/OTU韦恩图分析表明宜昌酒曲在物种独特性上要优于广西玉林酒曲。本研究揭示了宜昌传统米酒曲中的真菌与玉林传统米酒曲真菌菌种的差别,为逐步改善传统酒曲质量,以及相关微生物的进一步利用提供了理论指导依据。

肉制品发酵技术对肉品品质的调控及应用研究进展

发酵是现代食品工业中一种重要的加工技术,可用于大规模生产发酵肉制品。本文探讨了发酵技术对肉制品品质的调控作用,从发酵剂的筛选与构建、发酵剂的接种策略、影响发酵的因素及工艺优化三个方面概述了发酵剂和发酵工艺在肉制品加工中的研究与应用现状,并讨论了发酵技术在我国肉制品产业应用中的发展趋势。总的来说,新型发酵技术的应用打破了传统肉类产业的局限性,未来可针对不同发酵肉制品品质需求特点,调整发酵工艺和策略,生产符合现代人们生活需要的营养、美味、安全和多样化的发酵肉制品。

涡轮起动机中斜撑离合器的瞬态冲击与楔合特性研究

将稳态楔合拓展至瞬态冲击是深入研究斜撑离合器正向设计的重要组成部分。本文从机械动力学理论出发,关联输入输出端载荷与响应特征,建立斜撑离合器冲击受载微分方程,揭示出离合器由瞬态楔合至稳态传动过程蕴含的动力学原理和一般规律。在此基础上,推导出斜撑离合器内外传动轴的综合应力分析模型,并提出运用接触应力、综合应力和楔角等指标整体考察离合器传动性能的校核方法。最后以某常见离合器部件为例,从理论计算和仿真分析两方面模拟了涡轮起动机环境下的短时受载工况,验证了本文原理和分析模型的有效性,因而对此类离合器的设计与校核分析具有重要意义。

拨齿式电驱动水稻育秧盘起盘机设计与试验

针对北方水稻棚式育秧移栽生产模式中秧苗移栽前的起盘过程不适宜于铺设大型龙门架起盘机械,创制了一种拨齿式电驱动水稻育秧盘起盘机。阐述了整机结构及工作原理,阐明了机具拨起秧盘的基本原理,采用力学分析法对水稻育秧盘起盘机的拨盘装置进行了设计,确定了影响起盘性能的拨盘装置结构参数及其取值范围。以拨盘装置转速、机具前进速度、拨盘装置离地高度为试验因素,以秧盘完整率和机具起盘效率作为性能指标进行三因素三水平正交试验。试验结果表明:拨齿式电驱动水稻育秧盘起盘机较优的参数组合为拨盘装置转速为40r/min、机器前进速度为0.8km/h、拨盘装置离地高度为0mm,对试验结果进行验证,其秧盘完整率为99%,效率为362盘/h,各项性能指标均满足起盘作业要求。

基于干酪乳杆菌ZLC01的山羊奶发酵乳及其特征性代谢物研究

山羊奶膻味重、化学成分和组成结构复杂,传统发酵剂生产的山羊奶发酵乳品质较差。该研究以传统发酵剂加工的山羊奶发酵乳(fermented goat milk,LBST-GMFM)作为对照,通过自主筛选发酵剂研究新型山羊奶发酵乳(new fermented goat milk,LBSTL-GMFM)的产品质量,采用超高效液相色谱-四级杆-飞行质谱结合主成分分析和正交偏最小二乘判别分析等多元分析方法表征发酵乳的特征代谢物及代谢途径。结果表明,发酵剂B[V(保加利亚乳杆菌6098)∶V(嗜热链球菌21728)∶V(干酪乳杆菌ZLC01)=1∶1∶3]有效改善山羊奶膻味重、组织状态较差的问题;LBSTL-GMFM的酸度[(107.26±4.75)°T]、黏度[(1952.93±21.95)mPa·s]、持水力[(97.17±2.36)%]、乳酸菌活菌数(2.06×10^(9)CFU/g)高于对照组(P<0.05)。共检测到58种差异代谢物,44种代谢物下调,14种代谢物上调,主要为氨基酸、肽及其衍生物、脂肪酸及其衍生物、芳香类化合物及其衍生物。4-异丙基苯甲酸、维生素C、橙皮苷、甲基富马酸、酪氨酰脯氨酸是LBSTL-GMFM的特征代谢物,赋予发酵乳适口的酸甜味和浓郁酸香味。代谢物通路富集分析显示,干酪乳杆菌ZLC01主要通过苯丙氨酸代谢,酪氨酸代谢,苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸的生物合成等氨基酸代谢途径来改善发酵乳的风味品质。自主筛选的干酪乳杆菌ZLC01有效改善了山羊奶发酵乳的风味品质及组织状态,可为山羊奶产品的研究和开发提供理论依据。

玉米品种和发酵剂对全株玉米青贮营养品质的影响

本试验旨在探究不同玉米品种和发酵剂对全株玉米青贮营养品质的影响,筛选出最优发酵剂和最适合甘肃中东部地区的青贮玉米品种。以“京科627”(H1)、“金穗1915”(H2)、“铁研53”(H3)、“登海3721”(H4)、“大京九26”(H5)、“陇青贮1号”(H6)6个玉米品种为试验材料,在蜡熟期收获,分别添加以植物乳杆菌、乳酸片球菌等为主的饲草青贮剂1(A1)、以布氏乳杆菌9-2和戊糖片球菌为主的饲草青贮剂2(A2)和以植物乳杆菌A1和植物乳杆菌LP-21为主的饲草青贮剂3(A3)3种发酵剂并设置空白对照组(CK),共24个处理,每个处理3个重复。发酵90 d后测定其品质。结果表明:玉米品种对干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、乳酸(LA)、乙酸(AA)、丙酸(PA)、氨态氮(NH 3-N)含量以及中性洗涤纤维消化率有极显著影响(P<0.01);与空白对照组相比,3种发酵剂显著提高了DM、CP、LA、AA含量(P<0.05),极显著降低了NH 3-N含量(P<0.01)。综上所述,3种发酵剂对不同品种全株玉米青贮的品质有不同程度的提升,灰色关联度分析结果表明以“饲草青贮剂3”处理的“登海3721”为最优组合,最适合在临夏地区种植和推广应用。