Under the environment of an artificial climate chamber, supercooling point (SCP) and freezing point (FP) in flower and young fruit at different development stages and freezing injuries of floral organs were studie...Under the environment of an artificial climate chamber, supercooling point (SCP) and freezing point (FP) in flower and young fruit at different development stages and freezing injuries of floral organs were studied. The apricot cultivars tested were Kety, Golden Sun and Honghebao. With the development of flower buds, SCP and FP increased, which indicated that their cold resistance decreased. SCP and FP varied with different floral organs. For different apricot cultivars, it was found that, the lower SCP or FP in floral organs was, the more resistant capacity the cultivar had, and the larger the temperature interval from SCP to FP was. SCP was not a constant value, but a range. Frequency distribution of SCP in petals was more dispersing than that in stamens and pistils. Floral organs could maintain a supercooling state to avoid ice formation, but they were sensitive to freezing. Once floral organs froze, thev turned brown after thawing.展开更多
At present,it is believed that the freezing point temperature of seawater is a function of salinity and pressure,and the freezing point is a key parameter in a coupled air-sea-ice system.Generally,empirical formulas o...At present,it is believed that the freezing point temperature of seawater is a function of salinity and pressure,and the freezing point is a key parameter in a coupled air-sea-ice system.Generally,empirical formulas or methods are used to calculate the freezing point of seawater.Especially in high-pressure situations,e.g.,under a thick ice sheet or ice shelf,the pressure term must be taken into account in the determination of seawater freezing point temperature.This study summarized various methods that have been used to calculate seawater freezing point with high pressure.The methods that were employed in two ocean-ice models were also assessed.We identified the disadvantages of these methods used in these two models and addressed the corresponding uncertainties of the freezing point temperature formulas.This study provides useful information on the calculation of the freezing point temperature in numerical modeling and indicates a need to investigate the sensitivity of numerical simulations to the uncertainties in the freezing point temperature in future.展开更多
The effects of composition of bio-jet fuels on freezing point,smoke point,distillation range,and flash point are investigated.Performance tests using petroleum-based jet fuel with different compositions are conducted ...The effects of composition of bio-jet fuels on freezing point,smoke point,distillation range,and flash point are investigated.Performance tests using petroleum-based jet fuel with different compositions are conducted in line with standard test specifications.The results show that alkylbenzenes reduce the freezing point,with the amount of reduction becoming greater with increasing alkylbenzene content.For a 25%content of the C_8 aromatic xylene,the freezing point is in the range from-55.5℃to-60.1℃.The presence of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons leads to an increase in carbon deposition performance,especially when alkyl side chains are present.With cycloalkanes,carbon deposition is reduced,although alkyl side chains weaken this beneficial effect.Isomeric hydrocarbons are beneficial in reducing carbon deposition.The ASTM D7566 specifications for the distillation range are based on the average properties of petroleum-based aviation fuel,and if all the parameters governing the distillation range of an alternative jet fuel are at their lower limits,it is necessary to check whether other performance standards are met.Light components affect the flash point greatly,with 5%of benzene reducing the flash point by 17℃,whereas intermediate components(e.g.,xylene and ethylbenzene)and heavier components have less impact.Although alcohols provide better combustion performance,their content must be strictly limited owing to their effects in reducing the flash point.展开更多
[ Objective] To investigate the effects of different water amount on freezing point of raw milk. EMetbodl The freezing point of raw milk added water at different proportions was detected by SWC-LG freezing point detec...[ Objective] To investigate the effects of different water amount on freezing point of raw milk. EMetbodl The freezing point of raw milk added water at different proportions was detected by SWC-LG freezing point detector. The linear regression equation was obtained. The reproduc- ibility was checked. The water content in raw milk was calculated according to the standard regression curve. E Result~ When the water content changed from 0 to 10%, the freezing point of raw milk increased linearly. As evidenced by the reproducibility test, the standard deviation and rela- tive standard deviation were less than 1%. The milk concentration obtained by detecting the freezing point of blind milk samples had an absolute er- ror of no more than 0.5%, compared with actual watering milk concentration. [ ConcluMonl Water content in raw milk can be determined by measur- ing freezing point, and this method is reliable and reproducible.展开更多
Since Workman-Reynolds effect was discovered, more and more attention has been paid to the freezing electrical potential of solution. Hanley and Rao have discussed the freezing electrical potentials and influencing fa...Since Workman-Reynolds effect was discovered, more and more attention has been paid to the freezing electrical potential of solution. Hanley and Rao have discussed the freezing electrical potentials and influencing factors, such as the time of solution freezing, ion展开更多
文摘Under the environment of an artificial climate chamber, supercooling point (SCP) and freezing point (FP) in flower and young fruit at different development stages and freezing injuries of floral organs were studied. The apricot cultivars tested were Kety, Golden Sun and Honghebao. With the development of flower buds, SCP and FP increased, which indicated that their cold resistance decreased. SCP and FP varied with different floral organs. For different apricot cultivars, it was found that, the lower SCP or FP in floral organs was, the more resistant capacity the cultivar had, and the larger the temperature interval from SCP to FP was. SCP was not a constant value, but a range. Frequency distribution of SCP in petals was more dispersing than that in stamens and pistils. Floral organs could maintain a supercooling state to avoid ice formation, but they were sensitive to freezing. Once floral organs froze, thev turned brown after thawing.
基金supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (Grant no.2016YFA0601804)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no.41876220)+3 种基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no.41806216)“the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities” (Grant nos.2017B04814, 2017B20714)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant no.2013B18020192)by Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant nos.2019T120379, 2018M630499)
文摘At present,it is believed that the freezing point temperature of seawater is a function of salinity and pressure,and the freezing point is a key parameter in a coupled air-sea-ice system.Generally,empirical formulas or methods are used to calculate the freezing point of seawater.Especially in high-pressure situations,e.g.,under a thick ice sheet or ice shelf,the pressure term must be taken into account in the determination of seawater freezing point temperature.This study summarized various methods that have been used to calculate seawater freezing point with high pressure.The methods that were employed in two ocean-ice models were also assessed.We identified the disadvantages of these methods used in these two models and addressed the corresponding uncertainties of the freezing point temperature formulas.This study provides useful information on the calculation of the freezing point temperature in numerical modeling and indicates a need to investigate the sensitivity of numerical simulations to the uncertainties in the freezing point temperature in future.
基金The financial support by the Scientific research project of Tianjin Education Commission (2020KJ022)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Civil Aviation Universion of China,3122023048)。
文摘The effects of composition of bio-jet fuels on freezing point,smoke point,distillation range,and flash point are investigated.Performance tests using petroleum-based jet fuel with different compositions are conducted in line with standard test specifications.The results show that alkylbenzenes reduce the freezing point,with the amount of reduction becoming greater with increasing alkylbenzene content.For a 25%content of the C_8 aromatic xylene,the freezing point is in the range from-55.5℃to-60.1℃.The presence of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons leads to an increase in carbon deposition performance,especially when alkyl side chains are present.With cycloalkanes,carbon deposition is reduced,although alkyl side chains weaken this beneficial effect.Isomeric hydrocarbons are beneficial in reducing carbon deposition.The ASTM D7566 specifications for the distillation range are based on the average properties of petroleum-based aviation fuel,and if all the parameters governing the distillation range of an alternative jet fuel are at their lower limits,it is necessary to check whether other performance standards are met.Light components affect the flash point greatly,with 5%of benzene reducing the flash point by 17℃,whereas intermediate components(e.g.,xylene and ethylbenzene)and heavier components have less impact.Although alcohols provide better combustion performance,their content must be strictly limited owing to their effects in reducing the flash point.
基金supported by the grants from the Research Fund of Sichuan Provincial Education Department ( 08ZC011)
文摘[ Objective] To investigate the effects of different water amount on freezing point of raw milk. EMetbodl The freezing point of raw milk added water at different proportions was detected by SWC-LG freezing point detector. The linear regression equation was obtained. The reproduc- ibility was checked. The water content in raw milk was calculated according to the standard regression curve. E Result~ When the water content changed from 0 to 10%, the freezing point of raw milk increased linearly. As evidenced by the reproducibility test, the standard deviation and rela- tive standard deviation were less than 1%. The milk concentration obtained by detecting the freezing point of blind milk samples had an absolute er- ror of no more than 0.5%, compared with actual watering milk concentration. [ ConcluMonl Water content in raw milk can be determined by measur- ing freezing point, and this method is reliable and reproducible.
文摘Since Workman-Reynolds effect was discovered, more and more attention has been paid to the freezing electrical potential of solution. Hanley and Rao have discussed the freezing electrical potentials and influencing factors, such as the time of solution freezing, ion