Application of cross-migration theory in limb rehabilitation of stroke patients with hemiplegia

BACKGROUND Stroke is a common cause of neurological dysfunction,often resulting in hemiplegia.Thus,rehabilitation of limb function in stroke patients is an important step towards accelerating recovery and improving quality of life.AIM To investigate whether unilateral strength training in hemiplegic stroke patients could lead to cross-migration,an increase in bilateral muscle strength,and an improvement in lower limb motor function.METHODS We randomly divided 120 patients with hemiplegic stroke into two groups:Eexperimental and control groups,with 60 patients in each group.Both groups received routine rehabilitation treatment,while the experimental group additional-ly received ankle dorsiflexion resistance training on the healthy side for 6 wk.We measured the maximum voluntary contract(MVC),changes in surface electromyography(EMG),and the lower limb motor function using the simplified Fugl Meyer Motor Function Assessment Scale(FMA)before and within 1 wk after training.RESULTS The FMA score in the experimental group improved significantly compared to both their pre-training score and the control group's post-training score(P<0.05).The integrated EMG of the anterior tibialis muscle and pulmonary intestine muscle in the experimental group were significantly different after training than before(P<0.05).Furthermore,the MVC of the anterior tibialis muscle on both the healthy and affected sides and the MVC of the pulmonary intestine muscle on both sides showed significant improvement compared with before training and the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that ankle dorsiflexion resistance training on the healthy side in hemiplegic stroke patients can increase strength in the opposite tibialis anterior muscle and antagonist's muscle,indicating a cross-migration phenomenon of strength training.Furthermore,this type of training can also improve lower limb motor function,providing a new exercise method for improving early ankle dorsiflexion dysfunction.

Higher Order Moment Spectra Time-Frequency Analysis of the Geophysical Signal

On the basis of an introduction of the Wigner Higher-Order spectra (WHOS) and a general class of time-frequency higher-order moment spectra, the geophysical signal was analyzed using the higher order time-frequency distributions (TFD). Simulation results obtained in this paper show that the higher-order TFD (Wigner Bispectrum, Wigner Trispectrum and Choi-Williams Trispectrum) have much better Time-Frequency Concentration than the second-order TFD, and the reduced interference higher-order TFD such as CWT can effectively reduce the cross-term in multicomponent signals and simultaneously obtain high time-frequency concentration.

Seasonal Prediction of Tropical Cyclones and Storms over the Southwestern Indian Ocean Region Using the Generalized Linear Models

Tropical cyclones (TCs) and storms (TSs) are among the devastating events in the world and southwestern Indian Ocean (SWIO) in particular. The seasonal forecasting TCs and TSs for December to March (DJFM) and November to May (NM) over SWIO were conducted. Dynamic parameters including vertical wind shear, mean zonal steering wind and vorticity at 850 mb were derived from NOAA (NCEP-NCAR) reanalysis 1 wind fields. Thermodynamic parameters including monthly and daily mean Sea Surface Temperature (SST), Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) and equatorial Standard Oscillation Index (SOI) were used. Three types of Poison regression models (i.e. dynamic, thermodynamic and combined models) were developed and validated using the Leave One Out Cross Validation (LOOCV). Moreover, 2 × 2 square matrix contingency tables for model verification were used. The results revealed that, the observed and cross validated DJFM and NM TCs and TSs strongly correlated with each other (p ≤ 0.02) for all model types, with correlations (r) ranging from 0.62 - 0.86 for TCs and 0.52 - 0.87 for TSs, indicating great association between these variables. Assessment of the model skill for all model types of DJFM and NM TCs and TSs frequency revealed high skill scores ranging from 38% - 70% for TCs and 26% - 72% for TSs frequency, respectively. Moreover, results indicated that the dynamic and combined models had higher skill scores than the thermodynamic models. The DJFM and NM selected predictors explained the TCs and TSs variability by the range of 0.45 - 0.65 and 0.37 - 0.66, respectively. However, verification analysis revealed that all models were adequate for predicting the seasonal TCs and TSs, with high bias values ranging from 0.85 - 0.94. Conclusively, the study calls for more studies in TCs and TSs frequency and strengths for enhancing the performance of the March to May (MAM) and December to October (OND) seasonal rainfalls in the East African (EA) and Tanzania in particular.

Estimation of Wind Wave Frequency Spectra by Use of the Arcsine Law

In the present study, the surface elevation of wind waves observed in laboratory and in the Bohai Sea are adopted for the estimation of the wind wave frequency spectrtm by use of the method of the arcsine law （MAL）. The traditional method uses the surface elevation to calculate the correlation and then estimate the frequency spectrum while the MAL, presented by Yu and l.an （1979）, uses the time sequence of zero-crossing points of surface elevation rather than directly the surface elevation to calculate the correlation. 66 sets of wind wave data obtained in laboratory and 420 sets of data observed in the Bohai Sea are adopted for the examination of the method introduced by Yu and Lan. Results show that the MAL can give reliable estimation of wind wave spectra. Correlation and form of spectra estimated by the MAL are similar to those estimated by the traditional method. The peak frequency and the spectral density in peak frequency by the MAL are close to those obtained by the traditional method.

Analytic approach to the small-signal frequency response of saturated semiconductor optical amplifiers using multisection model

An analytic solution derived by multisection model to the small-signal frequency response （SSFR） of wavelength conversion based on cross-gain modulation （XGM） in semiconductor optical amplifiers （SOAs） is presented. The result contains details that can affect the characteristics of SSFR significantly more than previous ones.

Analysis of the Frequency Domain Water-level Deconvolution Method Based on Reservoir Airgun Source Data

Based on the 2016 airgun experimental data of the Fujian Nanyi reservoir,we adopted the frequency domain water-level deconvolution method and cross-correlation time delay detection technique to study the influence of level scaling factor and the background noise level of the station on deconvolution calculation results, and analyze the effect of deconvolution on eliminating the influence of the source caused by different air-gun pressures. The results show that:( 1) When the level scaling factor is smaller,the signal to noise ratio of the waveform after the deconvolution is smaller,and when the level scaling factor is over smaller,the identification error of travel time is greater.( 2) When the SNR of the station record is higher,the recognition accuracy of travel time is higher,the influence of SNR on the reference station record is far greater than the far station,when the SNR of the far station record is more than 10,the error of travel time is within6 ms,but when the SNR of the reference station record is 30,the travel time error may reach to 20 ms.( 3) When the airgun source difference is big,the frequency domain waterlevel deconvolution method has better effect on eliminating the source influence,but the method error may be introduced when the source difference is small.

Power and Cross-Spectra for the Turbulent Atmospheric Motion and Transports in the Domain of Wave Number Frequency Space: Theoretical Aspects

The study of large-scale atmospheric turbulence and transport processes is of vital importance in the general circulation of the atmosphere. The governing equations of the power and cross-spectra for the atmospheric motion and transports in the domain of wave number frequency space have been derived. The contributions of the nonlinear interactions of the atmospheric waves in velocity and temperature fields to the conversion of kinetic and potential energies and to the meridional transports of angular momentum and sensible heat in the atmosphere have been discussed.

Composition of high frequency ambient noise from cross-correlation:A case study using a small aperture array

Long-time cross correlation of ambient noise has been proved as a powerful tool to extract Green＇s function between two receivers. The study of composition of ambient noise is important for a better understanding of this method. Previous studies confirm that ambient noise in the long period （3 s and longer） mostly consists of surface wave, and 0.25-2.5 s noise consists more of body waves. In this paper, we perform cross correlation processing at much higher frequency （30-70 Hz） using ambient noise recorded by a small aperture array. No surface waves emerge from noise correlation function （NCF）, but weak P waves emerge. The absence of surface wave in NCF is not due to high attenuation since surface waves are strong from active source, therefore probably the high ambient noise mostly consists of body wave and lacks surface wave. Origin of such high frequency body waves in ambient noise remains to be studied.

Statistical Performance of the Wigner-Ville Distribution and the Cross Wigner-Ville Distribution

This paper analyzes statistical performances of the Wigner-Ville distribution (WVD) and the cross Wigner-Ville distribution (XWVD). Theoretical studies show that XWVD of the analyzed signal can be estimated from XWVD of the noise-contaminated signal . The estimation is unbiased, and the variance is equal to that of noise. In this case, WVD cannot be estimated from WVD of the noise-contaminated signal . Therefore higher SNR is required when using WVD.

Role of Triad Kinetic Energy Interactions for Maintenance of Upper Tropospheric Low Frequency Waves during Summer Monsoon 1988

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Anti-noise performance of the pulse coupled neural network applied in discrimination of neutron and gamma-ray

In this study,the anti-noise performance of a pulse-coupled neural network(PCNN)was investigated in the neutron and gamma-ray(n-γ)discrimination field.The experiments were conducted in two groups.In the first group,radiation pulse signals were pre-processed using a Fourier filter to reduce the original noise in the signals,whereas in the second group,the original noise was left untouched to simulate an extremely high-noise scenario.For each part,artificial Gaussian noise with different intensity levels was added to the signals prior to the discrimination process.In the aforementioned conditions,the performance of the PCNN was evaluated and compared with five other commonly used methods of n-γdiscrimination:(1)zero crossing,(2)charge comparison,(3)vector projection,(4)falling edge percentage slope,and(5)frequency gradient analysis.The experimental results showed that the PCNN method significantly outperforms other methods with outstanding FoM-value at all noise levels.Furthermore,the fluctuations in FoM-value of PCNN were significantly better than those obtained via other methods at most noise levels and only slightly worse than those obtained via the charge comparison and zerocrossing methods under extreme noise conditions.Additionally,the changing patterns and fluctuations of the FoMvalue were evaluated under different noise conditions.Hence,based on the results,the parameter selection strategy of the PCNN was presented.In conclusion,the PCNN method is suitable for use in high-noise application scenarios for n-γdiscrimination because of its stability and remarkable discrimination performance.It does not rely on strict parameter settings and can realize satisfactory performance over a wide parameter range.

Effect of landform on aerodynamic performance of high-speed trains in cutting under cross wind

The effects of the different landforms of the cutting leeward on the aerodynamic performance of high-speed trains were analyzed based on the three-dimensional,steady,and incompressible Navier-Stokes equation and k-double-equation turbulent model.Results show that aerodynamic forces increase with the cutting leeward slope decreasing.The maximum adding value of lateral force,lift force,and overturning moment are 147%,44.3%,and 107%,respectively,when the slope varies from 0.67 to-0.67,and the changes in the cutting leeward landform have more effects on the aerodynamic performance when the train is running in the line No.2 than in the line No.1.The aerodynamic forces,except the resistance force,sharply increase with the slope depth decreasing.By comparing the circumstance of the cutting depth H= 8 m with that of H=8 m,the resistance force,lateral force,lift force,and overturning moment increase by 26.0%,251%,67.3% and 177%,respectively.With the wind angle increasing,the resistance force is nonmonotonic,whereas other forces continuously rise.Under three special landforms,the changes in the law of aerodynamic forces with the wind angle are almost similar to one another.

Pressure and velocity cross-spectrum of normal modes in low-frequency acoustic vector field of shallow water and its application

The pressure and horizontal particle velocity combined descriptions in the very low frequency acoustic field of shallow wa- ter integrated with the concept of effective depth of Pekeris wave- guide is proposed, especially the active component of the pressure and horizontal particle velocity cross-spectrum, also called ho- rizontal complex cross acoustic intensity, when only two normal modes are trapped in the waveguide. Both the approximate theo- retic analysis and the numerical results show that the sign of the horizontal complex cross acoustic intensity active component is independent of the range when vertically deployed receiving dual sensors are placed in appropriate depths, the sum of which is equal to the waveguide effective depth, so it can be used to tell whether the sound source is near the surface or underwater; while the range rate is expected to be measured by utilizing the sign distribution characteristic of the reactive component. The further robustness analysis of the depth classification algorithm shows that the existence of shear waves in semi infinite basement and the change of acoustic velocity profiles have few effects on the application of this method, and the seabed attenuation will limit the detection range, but the algorithm still has a good robustness in the valid detection range.

基于Autoformer AI架构的SD-OTN专线流量预测模型

根据政企SD-OTN专线流量时间周期分布相似的特点,在业内首次采用流量序列时频域特征结合训练的Autoformer AI架构对流量序列进行预测,以获得更高预测准确性,并首次应用于某省联通的生产实践中,通过对流量趋势的精准预测,提前做好流量越限和丢包预警,有效降低SD-OTN的投诉量,可为SD-OTN客户提供付费的临时调速和周期性调速方案等增值业务功能。

Analysis and Study on the Effect of PNF Stretching and Resistance Training on the Rehabilitation of Superior Chiasma Syndrome

In this paper,18 subjects with superior chiasma syndrome were analyzed and studied according to the inducement and correction method of superior chiasma syndrome by questionnaire survey,literature review and experimental research.To explore the effect of bad posture on the posture of patients,and to explore the effect of PNF stretching,anti-resistance training and manual loosening on the rehabilitation of patients with superior chiasma.Methods:the subjects were divided into three experimental groups,A,B and C,for 6 weeks,4 times a week for resistance training and PNF stretching training.It has been proved that the population with chest ambushes for a long time will cause the imbalance of muscle strength of shoulder,neck and chest,abnormal physiological curvature of cervical vertebrae and thoracic vertebrae,and induce chronic injury of shoulder and neck muscles and soft tissue,which will lead to symptoms of superior chiasma syndrome.According to the designed rehabilitation training experiment,PNF stretching training and anti-resistance training were carried out for the shoulder and neck muscles which caused superior chiasma syndrome,and the rehabilitation effect was very significant,which was obviously better than that of PNF stretching or resistance training alone.Therefore,PNF stretching and resistance training should be fully combined in rehabilitation training to improve the posture problem in order to achieve twice the result with half the effort.

Cross-frequency network analysis of functional brain connectivity in temporal lobe epilepsy

In this study, we investigate the cross-frequency coupling and functional brain networks in the subjects with temporal lobe epilepsy(TLE) using interictal EEG signals. The phase to phase synchronization within and across frequency bands is calculated and a significant difference between the epilepsy and control groups is observed. Compared with the controls,the epilepsy patients exhibit a stronger within-frequency coupling(WFC) within theta and beta bands, and shows a stronger cross-frequency coupling(CFC) in the delta–alpha and theta–alpha band pairs, but a weakened CFC in alpha–beta band pairs. The weakened coupling between alpha and high frequency band reflects a suppression of phase modulation between the brain regions related to epilepsy. Moreover, WFC and CFC are positively correlated, which is higher in the patients relative to controls. We further reconstruct functional brain connectivity and find that both WFC and CFC networks show small-world properties. For the epilepsy, the small-world efficiency is enhanced in the CFC networks in delta–alpha and theta–alpha band pairs, whereas weakened between alpha and beta bands, which suggests a shift away from the optimal operating point in the epileptic brain with a new balance between WFC and CFC. Our results may help us to understand the important role of information communication across different frequency bands and shed new light on the study of pathology of epilepsy.

Digital implementation and analysis of a high dynamic frequency tracking loop

In the wireless guidance system, the signals that receiver received has obvious Doppler shift for the high dynamic characteristic of the carrier. A new solution of carrier frequency tracking loop with frequency modifying system is put forward. The characteristic of cross product auto frequency control and the second order loop filter in this loop are analyzed. The simulation shows that this loop can accomplish frequency tracking well in high dynamic circumstance.

Analysis and applications of a frequency selective surface via a random distribution method

A novel frequency selective surface （FSS） for reducing radar cross section （RCS） is proposed in this paper. This FSS is based on the random distribution method, so it can be called random surface. In this paper, the stacked patches serving as periodic elements are employed for RCS reduction. Previous work has demonstrated the efficiency by utilizing the microstrip patches, especially for the reflectarray. First, the relevant theory of the method is described. Then a sample of a three-layer variable-sized stacked patch random surface with a dimension of 260 mm x 260 mm is simulated, fabricated, and measured in order to demonstrate the validity of the proposed design. For the normal incidence, the 8-dB RCS reduction can be achieved both by the simulation and the measurement in 8 GHz-13 GHz. The oblique incidence of 30° is also investigated, in which the 7-dB RCS reduction can be obtained in a frequency range of 8 GHz-14 GHz.

NOISE OF THE RING SPINNING FRAME AND ITS CONTROL

In this paper, we have made a study on the noise of ring spinning frame by analysing the noise radiating mechanism and the frequency spectrum of its main noise sources, such as the spindle system and the transmission gear trains of the ring frame. Finally, three measures for reducing its noise are suggested: (1) using upper elastic bearing for the spindle structure, (2) using vibration isolating washers for the spindle support, and (3) improving the gear transmission structure design in the headstock of the frame.