Effects of Functional Organic Materials on Fresh Weight,Quality,Single-melon Weight and SPAD Value of Watermelon

[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore a functional organic material formula suitable for watermelon cultivation with high quality,high yield and high efficiency.[Methods]Four treatments were set in the experiment,namely four functional organic materials,garlic straw treatment(T_(1)),onion straw treatment(T_(2)),garlic straw+sheep manure treatment(T_(3))and onion straw+chicken manure treatment(T_(4)),to investigate the effects of different functional organic materials on fresh weight,quality,single-melon weight and SPAD value of watermelon.[Results]The effects of different functional organic materials on fresh weight,quality,single-melon weight and SPAD value of watermelon were quite different.The fresh weight,quality,single-melon weight and SPAD value of watermelon were higher in treatment T_(3)applying garlic straw and sheep manure and treatment T_(4)applying onion straw and chicken manure than in treatment T_(1)applying garlic straw and treatment T_(2)applying onion straw.Specifically,the fresh weight of whole plant was the highest in treatment T_(3),followed by treatment T_(4),and the values of the two treatments increased by 12.83%and 5.94%respectively compared with treatment T_(1);the weight of single melon was the highest in treatment T_(3),followed by treatment T_(4),and the values of the two treatments increased by 42.45%and 31.77%respectively compared with treatment T_(2);and the SPAD values of treatments T_(3)and T_(4)were significantly higher than those of treatments T_(1)and T_(2),and the value of treatment T_(3)was the largest.[Conclusions]This study provides theoretical support for the popularization and application of fertilization techniques combining organic fertilizers and reduced chemical fertilizers for watermelon.

Effect of Different Nitrogen Application Amount on the Net Increment of Fresh Dry Weight in Hybrid Rape

[ Objective] The aim of the research was to provide reference for reasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer for high yield.cultivation of hybrid rape cuhivar Youyan 9 and Youyan 10. [ Method] The net increment changes of individual plant fresh weight and dry matter weight of Youyan 9 and Youyan 10 with different nitrogen application treatments were studied. [ Result] The differences among average fresh weight increments of individual plant and average dry matter weight increment of individual plant with different treatments reached 0. 01 extremely significant level. Fresh weight increment and dry matter weight net increment of individual plant declined gradually with the increase of nitrogen application. In growtheourse ,fresh weight net increment of individual plant increased firstly then decreased and the maximum was in beginning flowering stage, besides that dry matter net increment increased gradually and the maximum was in mature period. The correlations among fresh net increment, dry matter weight net increment and yield net increment were positive or extremely positive. [ Conclusion] Under experimental condition, when nitrogen application was 225 kg/hm^2, hybrid rape Yanyou 9 and Yanyou 10 with low erucic,low glucosinolate could obtain high yield.

Dynamic of Root Dry Weight of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge

ObjectiveThis study was to investigate the dynamic of root dry weight of Salvia miltiorrhiza to provide a basis for optimal management in field cultivation. MethodThe Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge seedlings were transplanted at three different dates November 26, 2009 （T 1 ）, March 9, 2010（T 2 ） and March 27, 2010（T 3 ）, and at three different densities 20 cm × 25 cm （D 1 ）, 25 cm × 25 cm （D 2 ）, 25 cm × 30 cm （D 3 ）. So a total of nine treatments were finally set. The samples were collected regularly for measuring the root dry weight and plotting the dynamic curves. Normalized root weight was fitted with CURVE EXPERT 1.3. ResultLogistic equation was the most superior equation, and estimated respectively two inflection points and length of fast growing time of S. miltiorrhiza. ConclusionThe fast-growing time of S. miltiorrhiza root was in 1 900 ℃·d to 2 200 ℃·d GDD.

Low Co-Cultivation Temperature at 20°C Resulted in the Reproducible Maximum Increase in Both the Fresh Weight Yield and Stable Expression of GUS Activity after <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i>-Mediated Transformation of Tobacco Leaf Disks

The importance of controlled temperature during the four-days co-cultivation period was evaluated under the most physiologically relevant conditions for Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Xanthi (nn, Smith)) leaf disks. We compared the effect of temperatures ranging from 15°C, 18°C, 20°C, 22°C to 25°C on the stable expression of β-glucuronidase (GUS) activity of 14 days old hygromycin-selected leaf disks, and on the increase in the fresh weight yield of 28 days old kanamycin-selected calli. The highest average of GUS activity was obtained at 20°C among the five temperatures tested although the difference between the 18°C and 20°C treatment was not statistically significant. The GUS activity at 15°C was statistically lower than those at 18°C and 20°C. The GUS activity in 22°C treatment was an intermediate between the highest (18/20°C) and second highest averages (15°C), and was not statistically significantly different. The lowest average of GUS activity was observed at 25°C. The highest increase in the plate average of fresh weight yield was obtained at 20°C among the five temperature tested. The 20°C treatment was statistically significantly better than the 15°C and 18°C treatments. The 20°C co-cultivation treatment resulted in the higher FW yield than 22°C and 25°C even though the differences were not statistically significant. In conclusion, low co-cultivation temperature at 20°C resulted in the reproducible maximum increase in both the fresh weight yield and stable expression of GUS activity after transformation of tobacco leaf disks.

Improvement of Cardiac Function by Dry Weight Optimization Based on Interdialysis Inferior Vena Caval Diameter (1)

In hemodialysis (HD) patients, the diameter of the inferior vena cava (IVC) serves for evaluation of the amount of body fluid.

Research on a Rapid Test Method of Dry Basis Weight of Paper-process Reconstituted Tobacco

This study aimed to optimize the rapid test factors of dry basis weight of reconstituted tobacco, in order to afford a reference test method for companies which produce reconstituted tobacco to better control the basis weight and coating ratio on line. The dry basis weight of reconstituted tobacco was tested by fast method and normal oven method individually. And the effects on the test values of different test factors such as temperature, time and the number of baking sheets were studied. Then the test values of these two methods were compared, so the proper factors of rapid test method were determined. As the baking temperature rose from 130 ℃ to 150 ℃, and the baking time rose from 1 min to 2 min, the difference between fast test method and normal oven method grew, and when the number of baking pieces rose from 3 pieces to 5 pieces, the difference between the two methods went down. The optimum test condition was baking temperature of 130 ℃, baking time of 1 min, and baking sample sheet number of 5. Under this condition, the value of fast test method was the closest to the test value of normal oven method, and meanwhile, the test factor was more proper for testing on line. The study will provide a reference for online controlling of dry basis weight and coating ratio of reconstituted tobacco.

Effect of On-Line Hemodiafiltration on Dry Weight Adjustment in Intradialytic Hypotension-Prone Patients: Comparative Study of Conventional Hemodialysis and On-Line Hemodiafiltration

Introduction: Correct adjustment of dry weight after hemodialysis (HD) with no signs of hypervolemia is important. Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is the most common complication during HD. IDH occurs in 15% to 30% and possibly in up to 50% of dialysis sessions. IDH augments mortality essentially due to chronic overhydration and the inability to reach the proper dry weight. On-line hemodiafiltration (ol-HDF) has been reported to reduce the frequency of IDH. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of ol-HDF on hemodynamic stability and dry weight adjustment compared with low-flux HD. Methods: IDH-prone HD patients at our center were enrolled. This study was designed as a crossover trial with two phases (A arm: low-flux HD for 8 weeks followed by ol-HDF for 8 weeks vs. B arm: ol-HDF for 8 weeks followed by low-flux HD for 8 weeks) and two treatment arms (ol-HDF vs. low-flux HD), each phase lasting 8 weeks. We measured the proportion of body water using a body composition monitor (BCM). Results: In a comparison of the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) reductions from the baseline blood pressure between the HD and ol-HDF groups, statistically significant differences were observed only in the SBP of the B arm (SBP: HD vs. HDF, -9.83 ± 6.64 vs. -4.62 ± 1.61 mmHg, p = 0.036;DBP: HD vs. HDF, -3.29 ± 4.05 vs. -1.86 ± 1.49 mmHg, p = 0.261). Neither the mean of the interdialytic body weight gains nor the frequency of IDH was different between the A and B arms (p = 0.817 and p = 0.562, respectively). In terms of dialysis modality, there were no significant differences in the amount of overhydration between the conventional HD and ol-HDF groups during the two study phases, as measured by the BCM (A arm: p = 0.875, B arm: p = 0.655). Conclusion: Our study did not show a better benefit of ol-HDF to reach the dry weight compared with low-flux HD in IDH-prone patients.

The Effect of Salinity on Growth, Dry Weight and Lipid Content of the Mixed Microalgae Culture Isolated from Glagah as Biodiesel Substrate

Microalgae use photosynthesis to convert solar energy into chemical energy, such as lipid and they can be a replacement for oil-based fuels. They are among the fastest growing plants in the world, and about 50% of their weight is oil. This lipid oil can be used to make biodiesel. Unfortunately, there are only some of potential strains isolated from Indonesia and most of the biodiesel productions are usually using a single strain. Then, although they are rich of oils, their biomass productivity is still low. Salinity treatment can be used to increase their biomass as well as their lipid content. Therefore, the research aim was to study the effect of salinity on the growth, dry weight and lipid content of mixed microalgae isolated from Glagah, Yogyakarta. The mixed microalgae were cultured in 3NBBM medium with different salinities or types of water （sea water, brackish water, and fresh water）. The cultures were incubated at light intensity 3,000 lux under dark：light exposure of 12：12 h for 7 days. The number of cells was counted every 24 h with a Haemocytometer, and the biomass was calculated based on the dry weight. The lipid content was measured on days 0, 3, and 7 using NR （Nile Red） staining, and then the amount of lipid was analyzed using a fluorescence microscope and measured with CellProfiler 2.0 software. The highest dry weight and lipid content were found in seawater medium, they accounted for 3.42 mg/mL and 13.58% at day 7, respectively. Whereas, the highest number of cells was found in freshwater medium, this was 9.8 × 10^6 cells/mL.

The Inferior Vena Cava Diameter as a Marker of Dry Weight in Chronic Hemodialyzed Patients

We have previously reported that the diameter of the inferior vena cava(IVC) reflects the amount of body fluid in hemodialyzed (HD) patients. The present study was undertaken to depict the criteria of IVC diameters for determining dry weight (DW) in anuric HD patients. In healthy subjects, the maximal diameters during quiet expiration (IVCe) and the minimal diameters during quiet inspiration (IVCi) were (16.7±3.2) and (5.7±5.4)mm,respectively (mean±SD).The collapsibility index (CI,1-IVCi/IVCe), which inversely correlates with the central venous pressure,was 0.68±0.29. In anuric HD patients,the IVCe/CI values before and after HD were 14.9±3.2/0.68±0.24 and 8.2±2.3/0.94±0.09, respectively. IVCe decreased proportionally to the amount of ultrafiltration. In HD patients with hypervolemic pulmonary edema, the IVCe and CI values were 22.4±2.9 and 0.22±0.11, respectively. We proposed that IVCe/CI after HD is (8±3)mm/0.9 ± 0.1 as the markers of DW in anuric HD patients and that an IVCe value≥22mm together with a CI≤0.22 implies the warning level of body fluid retention.

Utility of the Inferior Vena Cava Diameter as a Marker of Dry Weight in Nonoliguric Hemodialyzed Patients

We have previously reported that the maximal inferior vena cava(IVC) diameter during quiet expiration(IVCe) measured by ultrasonography correlates well with the amount of body fluid, especially the circulating blood volume[1] and proposed using the criteria of IVC diameter to determine dry weight(DW) in anuric hemodialyzed (HD) patients: standard IVCe of pre-and post-HD are (14.9±0.4) and (8.2±0.3) mm, respectively[2]. However, the same post-HD IVC criterion should not be applied to nonoliguric HD patients because it could result in rapid deterioration of residual renal function due to forced dehydration. Although the biochemical DW marker plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is useful to evaluate hypervolemia but not hypovolemia,both hyper-and hypovolemia can be detected by IVC measurement.……

The Inferior Vena Cava Diameter as a Marker of Dry Weight in Chronic Hemodialyzed Patients(续)

The IVC diameters in HD patients Since BW and stature as well as gender and age were not considered to be determinant factors of the IVC diameters, these factors were not accounted for in evaluating the IVC diameters in HD patients. The IVC diameters of stable anuric HD patients are shown in Table 2. In agreement with our previous observation [7-9] ,the reduction of BW from (51.7±12.6) to (49.3±12.6)kg by ultrafiltration during HD resulted in a significant (P<0.0001)reduction of the IVCe and IVCi from (14.9 ± 3.2) to (6.8±1.9)mm and (5.2±4.2) to (0.1±0.3) mm,respectively. Thus,CI values before and at the end of HD were calculated as (0.68±0.24) and (0.98±0. 05), respectively (P<0.0001). ……

Comprehensive Evaluation of New Fresh Edible Sweet-glutinous Maize Varieties Based on Entropy Weight Method

In this study,the entropy weight method was used to comprehensively evaluate the eight sweet-glutinous maize varieties in the regional trials in Shanxi Province in 2016. The results showed that the order of the performance of comprehensive traits of the tested varieties was Heitiannuo 631,Heitiannuo No. 2,Cainuo No. 5,Xinnuo 8601,FYN 1601,Xinnuo 8608,Jindannuo 41,Caitiannuo 1958( from good to poor). Among them,Heitiannuo 631,Heitiannuo No. 2 and Cainuo No. 5 are excellent varieties,and the rest are good varieties.

Magnetic field increase weight and water content in date palm （Phoenix dactylifera L.）

Magnetic field effects on different plant species have been subject of many studies in the last decade. Magnetic fields are known to induce changes in plant metabolism, growth and productivity. In this study, effect of magnetic field on date palm weight and water content has been investigated. Seedlings of date palm were treated with two types of magnetic fields in two separate experiments. In the first experiment, seedlings were treated with static magnetic field SMF using electromagnetic circuit set to produce three levels of magnetic field intensities 10, 50 and 100 mT for different durations （0, 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min）. In the second experiment seedlings were treated with alternating magnetic field AMF, using magnetic resonance imaging providing 1500 mT for 0, 1, 5, 10 and 15 min. After two months of exposure, plants growth parameters （fresh, dry weights and water content for both leaves and roots） were recorded. The measurements revealed that leaf fresh, dry weight and water content increased significantly in response to SMF treatment. Similarly, roots fresh weight and water content were increased significantly; however roots dry weight increasing were insignificant. In the second experiment, AMF has affected plant growth all parameters were increased significantly. Measurements reached the highest level at 15 min of exposure. This study revealed that magnetic fields affect date palm growth parameters by increasing osmotic pressure and water potential which increase water absorption and enhance flesh weight.

简易保鲜储藏设备质量评价研究——以北京市为例

为实现简易保鲜储藏设备的推广应用,需要先确定简易保鲜储藏设备的质量评价方法。通过分析研究简易保鲜储藏设备质量调查评价方法并进行实际应用,对简易保鲜储藏设备的安全性、可靠性、适应性和售后服务状况等内容进行调查及评价,掌握在用保鲜储藏设备的整体质量水平。在分析研究简易保鲜储藏设备的组成结构、参数及功能原理、用途、设备实际运行使用过程中可能出现的状况及故障、用户使用设备的质量要求及服务感受的基础上,设置设备质量评价指标,每个指标赋予不同的权重系数。其中一级指标5个,分别是安全性、适用性、可靠性、物料使用负荷程度、售后服务;二级指标25个。一级指标中安全性25分、适用性20分、可靠性20分、物料使用负荷程度20分、售后服务15分。调查结果表明,简易保鲜储藏设备所有样本加权得分为83.10。3家公司的产品生产使用性能较好,达到产品设计标准。

氯酯磺草胺与甲咪唑烟酸复配防除香附子效果及对紫花苜蓿安全性

为明确氯酯磺草胺与甲咪唑烟酸应用于紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)田的可行性,在温室和田间测定了氯酯磺草胺和甲咪唑烟酸复配对香附子(Cyperus rotundus)的防效和紫花苜蓿的安全性。温室试验表明,氯酯磺草胺和甲咪唑烟酸复配对香附子具有很好的防除效果,两者按有效成分用量比1:2~1:4配比对香附子株高和鲜重的共毒系数分别介于131.54~150.46和152.84~180.25,呈明显增效作用,其中1:3的比例配伍的增效最为明显,对紫花苜蓿和香附子之间的株高和鲜重选择性指数分别为1.86和1.56。两地田间试验表明,氯酯磺草胺和甲咪唑烟酸(17.50+52.50)~(25.00+75.00) g·hm^(-2)复配处理对郑州和兰考两地的香附子株防效分别为78.5%~88.5%和82.1%~90.8%、鲜重防效分别为83.4%~92.7%和84.7%~93.6%,增产率分别为28.8%~35.1%和30.5%~38.3%,显著高于氯酯磺草胺和甲咪唑烟酸单用,且避免了单用氯酯磺草胺和甲咪唑烟酸的药害问题,提高了对紫花苜蓿的安全性,表明甲咪唑烟酸和氯酯磺草胺复配可有效防控香附子,对紫花苜蓿的安全性较好,具有良好推广应用前景。

液体发酵茯苓菌5.78培养条件及培养基优化

中国传统原药茯苓(Wolfiporia cocos)具有重要的药用价值,其主要活性成分为三萜类和多聚糖类。为了通过发酵菌丝实现工业化生产茯苓三萜类化合物,本研究采用单因素实验设计不同培养条件和培养基主要成分进行发酵培养,比较分析菌丝干重和总三萜含量,筛选液体发酵生产茯苓三萜的适宜培养条件和培养基。结果表明,碳源葡萄糖、氮源胰蛋白胨、无机盐CaCl_(2)、生物因子土壤浸出物,初始pH 5.5,接种量6%、装液量40 mL和培养11 d可以有效提高茯苓总三萜获得量。初步优化液体发酵培养条件和培养基组分可以为进一步优化茯苓发酵培养生产三萜类化合物提供实验基础。

新型包装材料对西兰花冷链贮藏品质的影响

西兰花采后代谢旺盛,若贮藏不当,商品品质会快速降低,失去食用价值,造成经济损失,而包装保鲜是最简洁的解决方式。为明确包装材料对西兰花货架期品质的影响,以耐寒优秀为试验材料,分别采用聚乙烯包装袋、复命锁鲜袋、物理有孔包装袋、欧乐蔬菜保鲜袋4种包装材料,研究了不同材料包装西兰花在(5±2)℃条件贮藏过程中的失重率、感官指数等变化规律。结果表明:欧乐蔬菜保鲜袋、复命锁鲜袋、物理有孔包装袋较对照聚乙烯包装袋可延长超市货架期2~4 d,其中以欧乐蔬菜保鲜袋效果最好,贮藏第9天时西兰花失重率为0.42%,较对照降低1.35百分点,贮藏第8天感官指数为9.0,比对照提高4.0,符合超市销售许可标准,贮藏第16天感官指数为5.0,仍具有食用价值;复命锁鲜袋贮藏第9天时失重率为0.27%,较对照降低1.50百分点,贮藏第7天时符合超市销售许可标准,贮藏第14天时仍具有食用价值;物理有孔包装袋贮藏第6天时失重率为0.13%,较对照降低0.74百分点,贮藏第6天时符合超市销售许可标准,贮藏第13天时仍具有食用价值。3种新型包装材料与冷链结合均能保持西兰花外观品质,并降低损耗率,从对延长货架期的综合效果来看,欧乐蔬菜保鲜袋效果最好,贮藏第8天的西兰花感官品质无明显变化。

全渠道背景下生鲜农产品供应链风险评价与控制

将辽宁省作为研究区域选取算例,基于全渠道背景建立生鲜农产品供应链风险评估指标体系,该体系包括6个一级指标及相应的21个二级指标,运用博弈论组合赋权法确定各风险权重。通过模糊综合评判法,计算出全渠道下生鲜农产品供应链风险的综合评价得分。结果表明,全渠道模式下辽宁省生鲜农产品供应链风险趋近于较高风险;风险排序最高的是质量风险,最低的是环境风险;各指标层中的企业基因差异、冷链物流技术、信息安全保护、供应链服务质量等是引发全渠道生鲜农产品供应链高风险的因素。

基于生命周期法的生鲜农产品冷链物流绿色度评价

随着国家节能减排政策的深入,生鲜冷链作为能耗较高的物流产业,其绿色性引起了人们的重视。文章基于生鲜农产品冷链物流的全生命周期分析其各阶段的绿色性,以各阶段碳排放量和资源利用率为指标建立绿色度评价体系,并以番茄为例,基于生命周期法的计算数值,采用熵权法进行权重计算,进而用灰色关联度法进行绿色度评价。评价结果表明,生鲜农产品运输过程的损耗是对绿色度影响最大的因素,其次是车辆的能源利用率和货物的实载率。另外,水路运输的碳排放量远低于公路运输,但受限于地理条件和运输时间。针对评价结果,给出了提高生鲜农产品冷链物流绿色度的建议,为减少碳排放量提供了改进方向。