Effects of 1-MCP and Chitosan on Active Oxygen Metabolism and Quality of Fresh-cut Potato during Storage

[Objective] The research aimed to study the effects of 1-methylcyclopropene （1-MCP） and chitosan on active oxygen metabolism and quality of fresh-cut potato during storage. [Method] The fresh-cut potato slices were respectively treated with 1- MCP （2 μl/L）, chitosan or 1-MCP ＋ chitosan. During the storage period, the contents of superoxide anion （02）, malondialdehyde （MDA）, hydrogen dioxide （H202） and Vita- min C （Vc）, the activities of polyphenol oxidase （PPO）, peroxydase （POD） and super- oxide dismutase （SOD） as well as the respiratory rate of the fresh-cut potatoes in all the treatments were determined every day. The fresh-cut potato slices treated without any reagents were used as control. [Result] 1-MCP Treated could significantly de- creased the respiratory rate, PPO activity and the accumulations of 02 , H202 and MDA, increased the activities of SOD and POD and slowed down Vc content reduc- tion. On the contrary, potato treated with chitosan significantly inhibited the POD activi- ty in fresh-cut potato. Compared with the control, the combination of 1-MCP and chi- tosan showed a little but not significant better effects on potato preservation. [Conclu- sion] 1-MCP Treated showed the best effects on potato preservation.

Effects of fresh-cut and storage on glucosinolates profile using broccoli as a case study

Glucosinolates(GLS) contribute to the unique flavour, nutrition, and plant defence of the Cruciferous vegetables. Understanding the GLS changes through postharvest processing is essential for defined preservation. In this study, four different fresh-cut types, whole flower(W),floret(F), quarterly cut floret(QF) and shredded floret(FS) of broccoli, were stored for 0, 1, 2 and 3 day(s) to explore GLS responses to postharvest treatments. As a result, seven GLS were identified, mainly including glucoraphanin(RAA), neoglucobrassicin(NEO), and glucobrassicin(GBC)and accounting for 52.69%, 20.12% and 14.99% of the total GLS(21.92 ± 0.48) μmol · g ^(-1 )DW, respectively. FS had the sharpest decrease in GLS after three days of storage(6.55 ± 0.37) μmol · g-1DW, while QF had the least(10.16 ± 0.33) μmol · g ^(-1 )DW. All GLS components decreased over storage, except for 4-methoxyglucobrassicin(4 ME) in FS and QF, suggesting its key role in serious wound defence. The results suggested certain postharvest approaches influenced the flavour and nutrition of broccoli.

Effect of Storage Conditions on the Sensory Quality, Colour and Texture of Fresh-Cut Minimally Processed Cabbage with the Addition of Ascorbic Acid, Citric Acid and Calcium Chloride

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of storage conditions on the sensory quality, colour and texture of fresh-cut cabbage during the addition of ascorbic acid, citric acid and calcium chloride. Ascorbic acid maintained the overall quality for 14 days at 0℃ and 7 days at 5℃;no difference, however, was observed regarding browning of cut surface compared to the control sample at both storage temperatures. Calcium chloride maintained the overall quality and cut surface browning for 14 days at both storage temperatures. It was also found that citric acid 1% can be used for minimally processed cabbage. Soaking with citric acid helped retain the color and increased the overall acceptance and organoleptic quality of fresh cut cabbage;it reduced browning of the cut surface and protected against formation of black specks. Citric acid treatment combined with low temperature storage (0℃) prolonged the shelf life of minimally processed cabbage for 22 days, time sufficient for acceptable marketing of the product. The lightness of minimally processed cabbage decreased linearly from 70.94 ± 6 to 63.8 ± 8.5 - 61.3 ± 8 units for the chemical treatments during 22 days of storage at 0℃. Hue angle values during storage time were also significantly influenced by chemical treatments mainly at 0℃.

Effects of Stable Chlorine Dioxide on Sterilization and Preservation of Fresh-cut Narrow-leaf Cattail

At present, chlorine dioxide has been widely used as a bactericide that may become an alternative to chlorine. In this study, fresh-cut narrow-leaf cattail was soaked with 45, 70 and 95 mg/L chlorine dioxide solution, respectively. Fresh-cut narrow-leaf cattail samples were collected regularly to determine changes in surface microbe amount, cellulose content, Vc content, reduction sugar content and sensory quality of narrow-leaf cattail, thus analyzing the effects of chlorine diox- ide on sterilization and preservation of fresh-cut narrow-leaf cattail. The results showed that all three concentrations of chlorine dioxide solution could significantly reduce the amount of microbes on the surface of fresh-cut narrow-leaf cattail and improve the edible safety of products. The initial sterilization efficiency was im- proved gradually as the concentration of chlorine dioxide increased. In addition, chlorine dioxide treatment postponed the increase of cellulose content of fresh-cut narrow-leaf cattail. However, chlorine dioxide oxidized Vc and reducing sugar, and its bleaching effect also exerted a certain impact on the sensory quality of fresh- cut narrow-leaf cattail. Based on comprehensive comparisons, 45 - 70 mg/L chlorine dioxide solution exerted the best effects on sterilization and preservation of fresh-cut narrow-leaf cattail. This study laid the foundation for the production and application of chlorine dioxide solution and promotion of rapid development of nar- row-leaf cattail industry.

Optimization of Preservation on Fresh-cut Yam under Simulated Cold-chain Process

[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effect of compound fresh-keeping liquid on the browning and quality of fresh-cut yam during the cold chain process.[Methods]Under the simulated cold chain condition of 4℃,a uniform design(U6*(64))experiment was carried out to optimize the compound preservative formula,and a better compound preservative formula was obtained using the regression equation.[Results]The compound preservative formula was:AA 0.25%,CA 0.5%,Nisin 0.09%,GSH 0.15%.The compound fresh-keeping liquid effectively delayed the browning of fresh-cut yam and the accumulation of MDA,maintained the content of TSS,inhibited the activity of PAL and delayed the appearance of the maximum activity of POD and POD.[Conclusions]This study provides technical support for the actual extension of the shelf life of fresh-cut yam.

Studies on Genetic Transformation of Fresh-cut Chrysanthemum Using DREB1A Promoted by Stress-induced Promoter rd29A

In this study, DERB1A transcription factor and stress-induced promoter rd29A were isolated respectively and amplified from Arabidopsis thaliana, se- quenced and analyzed by DNAsis. In addition, the stress-induced promoter rd29A was utilized to construct the plant expression vector of DERB1A, which was transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Furthermore, the transgenic regeneration system of fresh-cut chrysanthemum from callus to plantlets was established successfully. On this basis, chrysanthemum leaf-disc explants were genetically transformed with Agrobacterium-mediated method. Two positive transgenie plantlets were obtained in vitro. Based on PCR detection, DREB1A transcription factor was integrated into chrysanthemum genome, which laid the foundation for breeding new transgenie cultivars of fresh-cut chrysanthemum with high comprehensive stress resistance, good cmalitv and high field.

Effect of Storage Temperature on the Quality of Fresh-cut Cattail

Fresh-cut cattail was extremely not resistant to store at room temperature.In the first day,it began to etiolate and rot,the fiber content increased,but the vitamin C content and reducing sugar content decreased.The aerobic bacterial count increased,the weight loss rate sharply increased,and the sensory quality and food value were gradually lost.Low temperature storage could decrease the loss of vitamin C and reducing sugar of fresh-cut cattail,reduce the weight loss rate and delay the increase of fiber content,maintain the water and nutrient of fresh-cut cattail,and the storage effect of 0 ℃ was better than 4 ℃.

Effects of Lactoperoxidase System Activation-Oregano Essential Oilor Chlorine on the Quality of Modified Atmosphere Packaged Fresh-Cut Iceberg Lettuce

The present work focused on the effects of the Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) 1 (5% O2 and 10% CO2) or 2 (2% O2 and 5% CO2) and the previous addition of Lactoperoxidase System (LPS) and Oregano essential oil or chlorine washing on the quality of fresh-cut lettuce during refrigerated storage at +4?C. Our results showed the significant effect of this combined treatment on quality improvement during storage. Thus, mesophilic bacteria was reduced in treated samples compared to those untreated with number which not exceeded the critical of 5 × 107 UFC?g-1 (p 2 and CO2 levels created by both atmosphere were not significantly different between the two treatments (p > 0.05). Brightness of lettuce samples was significantly reduced during storage. Thereafter, the PCA data showed the effect of combined treatment on the preservation of hygienic, physico-chemical and sensory quality up to the 7th day of refrigerated storage of these treated samples. The results obtained draw attention to modified atmosphere packaging lettuce and the addition of bio-preservatives which could be an alternative of choice to replace chlorine to preserve the sanitary quality of green products.

Influence of cutting size and packaging materials on the quality of fresh-cut winter squash (var. Ajijimang)

Winter squash (var. Ajijimang) washed in 100 mg.L-1 chlorine water and cut into 4 and 8 parts was packed in different packaging materials, 35 μm micro-perforated P-Plus (MPP), 50 μm polyethylene (PE), 80 μm nylon/PE (Ny/PE), and 90 μm PE films separately. Fresh-cut samples were then stored at 10℃ for up to 17 days. The 35 μm MPP having a high oxygen transmission rate (OTR) has the most stable gas exchange ratio while the 80 μm Ny/PE was the most unstable. Firmness of the mesocarp remained acceptable until the end of storage regardless of the cutting size. Soluble solids content (SSC) remained stable and even slightly increased to a certain extent within 6 days. An increase in pH after 10-day storage suggested the activity of microorganisms within the packaging films. Strong off-odor was detected in samples packaged in 80 μm Ny/PE film after 13 days of storage. Mold was observed in all 1/4 cut samples on day 13 except the sample packaged with 80 μm Ny/PE film. However, no mold was found in all 1/8 cut samples except 35 μm MPP film on day 13. Severe mold invasion was apparent on the onset of the 17-day storage in 35 μm MPP film and 50 μm PE film. Samples cut into 8 parts and packed in 80 μm Ny/PE and 90 μm PE films had less mold incidence compared with other two packaging films. Fresh-cut winter squash packaged in 90 μm PE film maintained quality with shelf-life of 10 days at 10℃. Winter squash as fresh-cut commodity, with the right packaging material has the potential for longer period of storage in retail stores.

Effect of Magnetic Field Technology on Preservation Quality of Fresh-cut Apple

[Objectives]The paper was to study the effect of magnetic field technology on physicochemical properties of fresh-cut apple during storage.[Methods]Using fresh-cut apples as materials,magnetic field assisted refrigeration and conventional refrigeration control groups were set up,and the preservation effects of magnetic field assisted refrigeration on fresh-cut apples were tested by measuring the changes of microorganisms and physicochemical indicators.In this experiment,the conditions of magnetic field assisted refrigeration group was set as follows:temperature 4℃,magnetic field intensity 5 mT,static magnetic field,and storage for 6 d.[Results]At 6 d post storage,the weight loss rate,total number of colonies and total number of fungi of fresh-cut apples increased;the L value and hardness showed a downward trend;the soluble solid content first increased and then decreased;and the total acid decreased first and then increased.The above indicators in magnetic field assisted refrigeration group changed more gently than that in conventional refrigeration group.Compared with conventional assisted refrigeration,the weight loss rate of fresh-cut apples treated by magnetic field combined with 4℃refrigeration was reduced by 68.00%;the hardness was increased by 12.23%;the total number of colonies and total number of fungi were reduced by 64.15%and 37.50%;and the L value did not change much.High content of soluble solids and total acid was maintained.[Conclusions]Magnetic field assisted refrigeration delays quality deterioration of fresh-cut apples during storage,prolongs shelf life,and further improves their edible quality and commodity value.

Effects of 2,5-Norbornadiene （NBD） on Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Fresh-cut Winter Squash

Ethylene is one of the most important plant hormones that regulate physiological responses, maturity and senescence of postharvest fruits and vegetables. The determination of its role in the wound-healing response of fruits and vegetables is helpful in understanding the wound responses. 2,5-Norbornadiene （NBD）, inhibitor ethylene binding were used to determine the effect of ethylene action on wound-induced response of fresh-cut winter squash, a kind of vegetables known to produce ethylene markedly after cutting. The effect of NBD on the physiological and biochemical changes of fresh-cut winter squash was investigated in this experiment. The results showed that NBD had great effects on physio-biochemical metabolism of fresh-cut winter squash. Ethylene production was inhibited significantly by NBD. NBD also had an inhibition effect on polyphenol oxidase （PPO）, peroxidase （POD） and phenylalanine ammonia lyase （PAL） activity. The effect of NBD on lipoxygenase （LOX） activity and superoxide dismutase （SOD） was not obvious. NBD treated sample showed a more rapid increase in catalase （CAT） activity, which may help in healing the damage of the tissue. These information are important in understanding the fundamental biology of wound response and in the development of new technology to hasten wound-healing and, thereby, to minimize costly wound-related problems in fresh-cut industry.

基于酯型生物碱含量变化选择蒸制附片

目的基于6种酯型生物碱含有量的变化,选择合适的蒸制附片。方法采用HPLC法,测定鲜附片、生附片、浸附片中3种双酯类生物碱（中乌头碱、乌头碱、次乌头碱）和3种单酯类生物碱（苯甲酰中乌头碱、苯甲酰乌头原碱、苯甲酰次乌头原碱）的含有量。结果蒸制过程中双酯型生物碱的含有量迅速减少,而单酯型生物碱的含有量迅速增加,然后稳定在一定水平,但随蒸制时间延长会逐渐降低。结论鲜附片更适合进行蒸制,蒸制时间以4~10 h为宜。

附片液对急性心衰大鼠模型血流动力学指标的影响

目的研究附片液对急性心力衰竭大鼠模型血流动力学的影响。方法采用盐酸普罗帕酮注射液股静脉推注建立急性心力衰竭大鼠模型;经急性心衰动物模型右颈动脉插管,使用BL-420E生物机能实验系统记录血流动力学指标。结果附片液高、中剂量组急性心衰模型大鼠心率升高。附片液中剂量组急性心衰模型大鼠心率的升高最为稳定。附片液各剂量组急性心衰模型大鼠降低的左室内压最大上升速率(LV dp/dtmax)均升高,但其作用表现在不同时间段且在不同的时间段作用相对显著的药物剂量组不一。左室内压最大下降速率(-LV dp/dtmax)影响方面,附片液各剂量组在不同时间段-LV dp/dtmax值均升高,且多数时间段各剂量组与模型组比较均有明显差异(P>0.05)。结论附片液具有改善急性心衰大鼠模型血流动力学指标和增强心脏功能的作用。

附子不同炮制品的指纹图谱研究

目的研究附子3种主要炮制品的高效液相指纹图谱,为建立附子的行业质量标准提供依据。方法利用高效液相色谱(HPLC)方法,色谱条件为:Alltimate C18分析柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);柱温:35℃;流动相40 mmol.L-1醋酸铵(氨水调pH=10.00)-乙腈梯度洗脱;流速1.0 ml.min-1;检测波长为240 nm。对附子3种炮制品进行指纹图谱研究,采用指纹图谱相似度软件和聚类分析对指纹图谱进行分析。结果附子3种炮制品之间的指纹图谱差异较大。结论该方法的精密度、重复性和稳定性良好,可为附子炮制品的质量控制提供依据。

Optimization of Antibacterial Conditions in Freshcut Grass Carp Belly and Comparison of Shelf Life

With fresh-cut grass carp belly as the test material, the antibacterial con- ditions of a disinfection agent sodium hypochlorite were optimized. In addition, the shelf lives of various grass carp products were compared after disinfection, so as to provide certain basis for the processing of fresh-cut grass carp products. The re- sults showed that the optimal disinfection conditions of sodium hypochlorite were as follows： concentration 300 mg/L, soak time 5 min and solid-liquid ratio 1 g ： 5 ml. Under the optimal disinfection conditions, the inhibition rates of total bacteria and Pseudomonas reached 83% and 81%, respectively. The shelf life of refrigerated fresh-cut grass carp belly disinfected by sodium hypochlorite and packed in bag filled with gases could be extended as long as 11 d, which was increased by 5 d （83%） compared with that in the control group. The disinfection by sodium hypochlorite could significantly reduce the initial bacterial colony number and improve the sensory quality of fresh-cut grass carp belly, as well as extend the shelf life of refrigerated and modified gas-packed grass carp belly.

附子保健品刨附片及炮天雄的急性毒性研究

目的:测定灌胃炮天雄和刨附片对小鼠的急性毒性。方法:待禁食不禁水12h后,各组24h内一次性给药,其中刨附片、炮天雄组均分别灌胃刨附片水煎液25.2g生药/kg或炮天雄水煎液27.2g生药/kg,正常对照组灌胃蒸馏水,给药体积均为40ml/kg,给药后观察并记录小鼠一般行为活动、体重、饮食及死亡等情况,连续观察14d。结果:刨附片组小鼠和炮天雄组小鼠无死亡,一般状态正常,无明显异常行为或变化,体重和摄食量逐日增长,与正常对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:刨附片、炮天雄水煎液灌胃小鼠均无明显急性毒性,最大给药量分别为25.2、27.2g生药/kg,若按附子临床人用量为15g/日算,均大于人用量的100倍。

炮天雄和刨附片对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨炮天雄与刨附片对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法:采用标准物提取法制备炮天雄、刨附片水煎液。取正常小鼠,分组后,给予灌胃炮天雄或刨附片5.0、2.5、1.25 g.kg^(-1),连续30天或15天,应用碳粒廓清实验或脏器指数实验,考察炮天雄和刨附片对正常小鼠的非特异性免疫;此外,用不同剂量的炮天雄、刨附片水煎液灌胃免疫抑制小鼠11天,测定小鼠碳粒廓清吞噬能力、外周血细胞水平及肝、脾、胸腺脏器指数。结果:刨附片5.0 g.kg^(-1)能显著提高正常小鼠碳粒廓清指数K(P<0.05);炮天雄5.0、2.5、1.25 g.kg^(-1)和刨附片5.0、2.5、1.25 g.kg^(-1)对免疫低下小鼠的胸腺指数、脾指数均有升高趋势;刨附片2.5 g.kg^(-1)能显著性升高免疫低下小鼠的肝脏指数(P<0.05)。结论:刨附片和炮天雄对正常小鼠和免疫低下小鼠有一定增强非特异性免疫功能的作用。

基于“四逆法”治疗阳虚体质高脂血症临床观察

目的依据"四逆法"缱方用药,探讨阳虚体质高脂血症疗效。方法收集100例符合阳虚体质的高脂血症患者,随机分成观察组和对照组各50例。对照组给予阿托伐他汀钙片治疗,观察组在此基础上同时口服以"四逆法"为基础拟方加减的中药汤剂。两组疗程均为2月。比较两组治疗总有效率、治疗前后血脂水平变化及治疗期1个月后的肝肾功能情况。结果观察组的总有效率高于对照组,治疗后TG、LDL-C及ALT低于对照组,HDL-C高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于"四逆法"立方治疗阳虚体质高脂血症患者疗效明显,并且对肝功能有一定的保护作用。

淡附片和半夏联合颗粒治疗寒痰咳嗽的临床研究

目的探讨淡附片和半夏联合颗粒治疗寒痰咳嗽的有效性和安全性。方法选取2013年1月～2015年4月在本院门诊诊断为寒痰咳嗽的426例患者作为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组,各213例。观察组采用淡附片和半夏联合颗粒治疗,对照组单纯采用半夏颗粒治疗。比较两组治疗前、治疗后、随访时的症状、咳嗽缓解时间和复发情况、满意度、并发症发生率。结果观察组治疗后的咳嗽评分为（2.48±1.26）分,显著低于对照组的（3.15±1.84）分,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。经过至少1个月的随访,观察组的评分为（1.26±1.33）分,显著低于对照组的（2.46±2.07）分,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。观察组的缓解时间显著短于对照组,复发率显著低于对照组,满意率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。观察组的不良反应发生率为7.5%,对照组的不良反应发生率为7.0%,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论淡附片和半夏联合颗粒能有效缓解寒痰咳嗽的症状,安全有效,值得临床推广应用。

赤芍-附片对慢加急性肝衰竭大鼠PI3K/AKT信号通路及相关炎症因子表达的影响

目的:探讨赤芍-附片对慢加急性肝衰竭(ACLF)大鼠的保护作用及其对磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(AKT)信号通路的影响。方法:48只SD大鼠随机分为空白组(6只)和ACLF造模组(42只)。ACLF造模组大鼠用牛血清白蛋白皮下及尾静脉注射联合腹腔注射D-氨基半乳糖+脂多糖制备ACLF大鼠模型,将造模大鼠随机分为模型组、阳性组、赤芍组、附片组、赤芍-附片组,各组大鼠予相应药物干预1周。检测肝功能、凝血酶原时间(PT),ELISA法检测肝组织白介素-1β(IL-1β)、白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α),HE染色观察大鼠肝组织病理改变,Western blotting法检测肝组织PI3K、p-PI3K、AKT、p-AKT(Ser473)蛋白表达水平,实时荧光定量PCR技术检测PI3K mRNA、AKT mRNA表达水平。结果:与空白组比较,模型组大鼠肝组织出现肝细胞形态变化,呈融合性坏死、点状或灶状坏死,纤维组织增生,汇管区见大量炎症细胞浸润;与模型组比较,阳性组、赤芍组、附片组、赤芍-附片组大鼠肝组织肝细胞排列相对整齐,坏死程度改善,纤维组织减少,炎症细胞浸润减少。模型组大鼠血清ALT、AST、TBIL、TBA、PT水平及肝组织IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平均高于空白组(P<0.05),肝组织中p-PI3K、p-AKT蛋白相对表达量及PI3K mRNA、AKT mRNA相对表达量均低于空白组(P<0.05)。阳性组、赤芍组、附片组、赤芍-附片组大鼠血清ALT、AST、TBIL、TBA、PT水平及肝组织IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平均低于模型组(P<0.05),肝组织p-PI3K、p-AKT蛋白相对表达量及PI3K mRNA、AKT mRNA相对表达量均高于模型组(P<0.05);且赤芍-附片组大鼠血清ALT、AST、TBIL、TBA、PT水平及肝组织IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平均低于阳性组、赤芍组、附片组(P<0.05),肝组织p-PI3K、p-AKT蛋白相对表达量及PI3K mRNA、AKT mRNA相对表达量均高于阳性组、赤芍组、附片组(P<0.05);各组大鼠PI3K、AKT蛋白相对表达量比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:赤芍-附片可能通过调节PI3K/AKT信号通路,下调相关炎症因子的表达,以减轻ACLF大鼠免疫炎症反应,从而发挥对肝脏的保护作用。