Lactobacillus from fermented bamboo shoots prevents inflammation in DSS-induced colitis mice via modulating gut microbiome and serum metabolites

Fermented bamboo shoots(FBS)is a region-specific food widely consumed in Southwestern China,with Lactobacillus as the predominant fermenting bacteria.However,the probiotic potential of Lactobacillus derived from FBS reminds largely unexplored,especially for diseases with a low prevalence in areas consuming FBS,namely,inflammatory bowel disease.In this study,Lactiplantibacillus pentosus YQ001 and Lentilactobacillus senioris YQ005 were screening by in vitro probiotic tests to further investigate the probioticlike bioactivity in dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis(UC)mouse.They exhibited more positive probiotic effects than Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in preventing intestinal inflammatory response.The results revealed that both strains improved the abundance of deficient intestinal microbiota in UC mice,including Muribaculaceae and Akkermansia.In the serum metabolome,they modulated the DSS-disturbed levels of metabolites,with significant increment of cinnamic acid.Meanwhile,they reduced the expression levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-6(IL-6)inflammatory factors and increased zonula occludens-1(ZO-1),Occludin,and cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide(CRAMP)in the colon.Consequently,these results demonstrated that Lactobacillus spp.isolates derived from FBS showed promising probiotic activity based on the gut microbiome homeostasis modulation,anti-inflammation and intestinal barrier protection in UC mice.

Standardization of harvesting age of bamboo shoots with respect to nutritional and anti-nutritional components

Bamboo shoots can be harvested at different ages but the data on the changes in nutritional composition with age are scanty. We standardized harvesting age of bamboo shoots in central India to obtain best quality produce with respect to nutritional composition. The shoots harvested on different days （2–20 days after emergence from ground） were analyzed for their nutritional （dietary fibres, carbohydrates, proteins, total phenols, ascorbic acid, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and phenolic acids） and anti nutritional （cyanogen） constituents. A significant variation （at p ≤ 0.5） was observed in the nutritional composition of shoots of Dendrocalamus asper, D. strictus and Bambusa tulda harvested at different days. An overall decrease was observed in proteins and total phenols while dietary fibres and carbohydrates increased with ages. Significant variation （at p ≤ 0.5） was also observed in phenolic acids while minerals did not vary significantly. Results revealed that the optimum harvesting age for D. asper, D. strictus and B. tulda was on 10–14 days, 6–10 days and 10–16 days （after emergence from the ground） respectively. These results can be used to obtain quality bamboo shoots.

Effects of UV-B treatment on controlling lignification and quality of bamboo (Phyllostachys prominens) shoots without sheaths during cold storage

For evaluating the effects of UV-B treatment on lignification and quality of bamboo(Phyllostachys prominens) shoots during postharvest, fresh bamboo shoots without sheaths were irradiated with UV-B at a dose of 8.0 kJ m^(–2) and then stored at(6±1)℃ along with 85–90% relative humidity(RH) for 15 d. The results showed that UV-B treatment apparently slowed down the increase rates of flesh firmness, weight loss, and contents of cellulose and lignin. It also decreased the activities of 4-coumarate CoA ligase(4CL), peroxidase(POD), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase(CAD) and phenylalanine ammonialyase(PAL) and the expression of their encoding genes during cold storage. It was suggested that these effects of UV-B treatment on decreases in these enzymatic activities and the expression of encoding genes might collectively regulate lignin synthesis and accumulation in the flesh of bamboo shoots and consequently benefit in maintaining the edible quality of bamboo shoots during cold storage.

Morphological and functional alterations of female reproduction after regular exposure of bamboo shoots of North East India

Objective:To evaluate the effect of daily consumption of bamboo shoots (BS) on the morphological features and functional status of the female reproductive system in adult with respect to thyroid.Methods: Adult female rats were divided into control and experimental groups of six each. Control group was given normal diet while experimental group was fed BS by 1/3rd replacement of 180 g of their foodi.e.60 g of BS containing 35 g of goitrogens of cyanogenic origin such that each rat likely consumed 6 mg/100 g of body weight per day for a period of 45 d. Morphological features like changes in body weight and organ weight were noted. Key steroidogenic enzyme levels viz?53β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) and 17β HSD along with serum estradiol, estriol and progesterone levels were measured. Estrous cyclicity of the animals monitored regularly followed by histological analysis of thyroid, ovary and uterus at the end of experimentation.Results:Increase in body weight, thyroid gland weight and thyroid stimulating hormone, decrease in serum triiodothyronine and thyroxine, a decrease in ovarian as well as uterine weight and the activity of steroidogenic enzymes?53β HSD andβ17β HSD along with diminished serum estradiol, estriol and progesterone levels were noted;while histological plates showed prominent degenerative changes in both the ovary and uterus. Estrous cyclicity of the treated animals were irregular and almost stopped at diestrous stage of the cycle in the latter stage of the treatment as compared to control.Conclusions: Overall results indicates that BS rich in cyanogenic constituents induces biochemical hypothyroidism in the experimental animals that acts in corroboration to cause morphological and functional alteration of reproductive organs indicating its likely impact in fertility on continued use.

Determination of Inorganic Elements Content and Distribution in Bamboo Shoots by Microwave Digestion and ICP-MS

Microwave digestion and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method was used to determine the contents of 25 inorganic elements in basal part, meat and shell of bamboo shoots. It could be concluded that the method could be applied to determine 25 inorganic elements in bamboo shoots. The elements with a dry basis content higher than 10 mg/kg were listed in the order of content decrease as follows, basal part of bamboo shoots: K > Ca > Mg > Mn > P > Al > Fe > Zn > Na;bamboo shoots meat: K > P > Ca > Mg > Mn > Fe > Al > Zn > Na > Ba > Sr;bamboo shoots shell: K > P > Mg > Ca > Mn > Al > Fe > Na > Zn;B, Pb, Cu, Cr ranged from 1.0 - 10 mg/kg;Ga, As, Se, Cd, Sn, Sb, V, Co, Ni were lower than 0.80 mg/kg. The harmful elements Cd, As, Cr, Hg, Pb were commonly monitored in feeds. The wet basis content (mg/kg) of Cd, As, Cr was lower than: 0.028, 0.022 and 0.42 respectively;no Hg was found;the content of Pb(mg/kg) in basal part, meat and shell of bamboo shoots was 0.82, 0.35 and 0.41 respectively. The results provide basic data for the development of bamboo shoots and its byproduct.

Extraction,Optical Properties and Bio-Imaging of Fluorescent Composition From Moso Bamboo Shoots

A novel fluorescent composition was firstly isolated from natural winter fresh Moso bamboo shoots,and its optical properties were fully investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy.It could emit strong blue light both in solid and solution state,providing high fluorescence intensity in ethanol.The solution’s concentration and addition of water greatly affected the fluorescence intensity,high concentration and addition of much water could quench fluorescence.Apoptosis results showed that the fluorescent extract(0-25 mg/L)could not induce apoptosis of Hela cells.Confocal fluorescent microscopic imaging in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells(HepG2)was realized using the fluorescent extract,it could dye the whole cell well which was different from 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole(DAPI)only dying cell nucleus.The fluorescent extract may be candidate for future natural fluorescent bio-imaging agent.

Optimization of Protein Content and Dietary Fibre in a Composite Flour Blend Containing Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>), Sorghum [<i>Sorghum bicolor</i>(L.) Moench] and Bamboo (<i>Yushania alpine</i>) Shoots

Initiatives on tackling food insecurity among global emerging economies are being focused on enriching native staple foods with locally available nutritious underutilized crops. The objective of this study was to optimize protein content and dietary fibre in rice (Oryza sativa) flour using Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) and Bamboo shoots (Yushania alpine). An extreme vertices design of mixture approach with 11 runs was employed in the study using MINITAB® software. The 11 blends from 11 generated runs and individual ingredient samples were analyzed for nutritional composition. Energy value and energy-to-protein ratio for the samples was calculated. Bamboo shoots flour (BSF) had the highest content for all proximate components except total carbohydrates on dry weight basis. Rice had the highest content of total carbohydrates at 77.71% and energy to protein ratio of 53.72 kcal/g. Sorghum had the highest mean total phenolic and condensed tannins of 45.512 (mg GAE/kg) and 2.512 (mg CE/g) while rice the least with 0.042 (mg GAE/kg) and 0.102 (mg CE/g), respectively. Fresh bamboo shoots had the highest level content of HCN of 117.81 mg/kg. Other dried ingredients had a mean HCN content of 2.313, 1.584 and 0.066 mg/kg for dried BSF, sorghum and rice respectively. Increasing the quantity of BSF and sorghum flour in the blends consequentially increased the protein content, dietary fibre and total minerals. Optimum blend was established to be 50:27:23 for rice, sorghum and BSF, respectively. This blend had 13.4% protein, 6.2% dietary fibre and 3.9% total minerals. Regression analysis showed that apart from dry matter, all other constituents were significantly predictable during optimization with R2 > 0.7530. Cluster analysis showed that the nutritional components analyzed are in four main clusters. Cluster 1: Dry matter and protein digestibility, cluster 2: Carbohydrates, energy value and energy ratio, cluster 3: Protein, fibre and ash while cluster 4: Crude fat only. These findings of the optimum composite ratio and other blends could contribute in addressing the food insecurity for low income countries.

Strategies for Promoting Brand Image of Tianmu Lei Bamboo Shoots Based on Industrial Cluster

With the continuous development of agricultural industry cluster,agricultural regional brand plays a significant role in the sustainable development of the region,and it is urgent to build the agricultural cluster brand. Based on the background of industrial cluster,this paper firstly introduced the brand of Tianmu Lei bamboo shoots. Using the method of questionnaire survey,it made SPSS analysis of the acquired data. From the five factors influencing the brand image,namely,brand awareness,brand value,brand association,product attribute awareness,and brand loyalty,and then came up with strategies for improving the brand image of Tianmu Lei bamboo shoots.

Optimization on the Conversion of Bamboo Shoot Shell to Levulinic Acid with Environmentally Benign Acidic Ionic Liquid and Response Surface Analysis

Levulinic acid（LA） has been identified as a promising green,biomass derived platform chemical.Response surface analysis（RSA） with a four-factor-five-level central composite design（CCD） was applied to optimize the hydrolysis conditions for the conversion of bamboo（Phyllostachys Praecox f.preveynalis） shoot shell（BSS） to LA catalyzed with ionic liquid [C4mim]HSO4.The effects of four main reaction parameters including temperature,time,C[C4mim]HSO4（initial [C4mim]HSO4 concentration） and XBSS（initial BSS intake） on the hydrolysis reaction for yield of LA were analyzed.A quadratic equation model for yield of LA was established and fitted to the data with an R2 of 0.9868,and effects of main factors and their corresponding relationships were obtained with RSA.Model validation and results of CCD showed good correspondence between actual and predicted values.The analysis of variance（ANOVA） of the results indicated that the yield of LA in the range studied was significantly（P＆lt;0.05） affected by the four factors.The optimized reaction conditions were as follows：temperature of 145 ℃,time of 103.8 min,C[C4mim]HSO4 of 0.9 mol.L-1 and XBSS of 2.04%（by mass）,respectively.A high yield [（71±0.41）%（by mol）,triplicate experiment] was obtained at the optimum conditions of temperature of 145 ℃,time of 104 min,C[C4mim]HSO4 of 0.9 mol.L-1 and XBSS of 2%（by mass）,which obtained from the real experiments,concurred with the model prediction [73.8%（by mol） based on available C6 sugars in BSS or 17.9%（by mass） based on the mass of BSS],indicating that the model was adequate for the hydrolysis process.

Preparation,Structures and Mechanical Properties of Bamboo Shoot Shell Nanofiber/Konjac Glucomannan Aerogels

With bamboo shoot shell nanofibers（BSN） and konjac glucomannan（KGM） as precursor materials, the BSN/KGM aerogels were prepared in different proportions by sol-gel method. The surface morphology, microstructure, characteristic functional groups and thermal properties of BSN/KGM aerogels were characterized by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, infrared spectroscopy（IR）, X-ray diffraction（XRD） and thermogravimetric analysis（TGA）. The effect of BSN on the structure and properties of BSN/KGM aerogels was also studied. The results showed that the BSN/KGM aerogels possessed network porous structure with compact and homogeneous porosity, high specific surface area and low density. With the increase of BSN, the sheet structure of aerogels was converted into the 3D porous network structure, which contributes significantly higher thermal stability. In addition, the BSN/KGM aerogels showed excellent mechanical properties. The maximum relative compression rate was 62%, suggesting the addition of BSN can enhance the compression properties of the BSN/KGM aerogels.

Structural Properties and Potential Applications of Cellulose Nanofiber from Bamboo Shoot Shell

Bamboo shoot shell（BSS）,a by-product from bamboo shoot processing industries,is a natural resource of cellulose. In this study,high-pressure homogenization assisted with acidolysis treatment was employed to produce BSS cellulose nanofiber（CNF）,and the structure was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction（XRD）,Fourier-transform infrared（FT-IR） spectroscopy,atomic force microscopy（AFM）,high resolution transmission electron microscopy（HTTEM）,thermogravimetric analysis（TGA）,and ^13 C nuclear magnetic resonance（NMR）. Moreover,the structure and properties of CNF were compared with those of BSS insoluble dietary fiber（IDF）. The results showed that CNF was in the form of a grid-like micro fiber,and its particle size was obviously reduced,while the crystallinity,thermal stability and solubility were increased. The results indicated that high-pressure homogenization assisted with acidolysis treatment was an effective method to prepare the BSS CNF,which could be a promising biopolymer reinforced material.

Plantation future of bamboo in China

In the past, utilization of bamboo resources in China has been traditionally dominated by direct consumption of local farmers as minor forest products with weak linkage with market. In recent years, the over-supply of grains and rapid degradation of agricultural environment call for alternative crops that can be developed through integrating the environmental plantation with the market demands. Closely associated with forestry and agriculture, bamboo is able to deal with the new challenges which Chinas agriculture is facing. Of 534 documented bamboo species in China, 153 species produce edible-shoots and of which 56 species are recommended for agricultural plantation; 139 species provide timbers and of which 58 species recommended; 116 species can be splited as good strips for weaving and of which 22 species recommended; 88 species are considered as garden bamboos and of which 34 species recommended; 45 species are able to produce paper pulp and of which 18 species recommended.

Shoot proliferation and callus regeneration from nodular buds of Drepanostachyum luodianense

This research reports on an efficient shoot proliferation and callus regeneration system for bamboo.Young, semi-lignified branches with one lateral bud from Drepanostachyum luodianense(Yi et R. S. Wang) Keng f.were used as explants. Disinfection with 0.1% HgCl2 for 8 min was the optimum treatment and the best medium for bud initiation was Murashige and Skoog(MS) medium containing 3.0 mg L-16-benzyladenine(BA). Multiple shoots were induced from nodal shoot segments on MS medium containing 5.0 mg L-1 BA, 0.5 mg L-1 kinetin(Kin), and 1.0 mg L-1 naphthaleneacetic acid(NAA). The highest frequency of callus formation(65.6%) was on MS medium containing 4.0 mg L-12,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2, 4-D), 0.5 mg L-1 NAA, and 0.1 mg L-1 thidiazuron(TDZ). The optimum medium for callus proliferation was MS medium with 4 mg L-12,4-D, 0.5 mg L-1 TDZ and 0.5 mg L-1 NAA, and the optimum hormone combination was 4 mg L-1 BA ? 0.5 mg L-1 NAA for callus redifferentiation(up to 85.6%). A 100% rooting was achieved on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg L-1 NAA and 0.5 mg L-13-indole butyric acid(IBA). Rooted plantlets were acclimatized in a greenhouse in humus soil ? perlite(1:1) substrate. These micropropagated callus induction and regeneration systems for bamboo will be useful for genetic engineering and multiplication.

A comparison on DNA methylation levels in bamboo at five developmental stages

Bamboo shoots grow quickly through the rapid elongation of intemodes. In order to veri~ whether DNA methylation affects bamboo shoot elongation, we compared DNA methylation levels at five develop- mental stages of bamboo （Phyllostachys praecox）, including young bamboo shoot of 40-cm at length （S1）, bamboo shoot of 2-cm at length （S2）, young leaf （Y1）, leaf （Y2）, and aging leaf （M）, by using amplified fragment length polymorphism （AFLP） based on KpnI/MseI and Acc65I/MseI platforms. The polymorphism ratio of methylated to un- methylated DNA sites in bamboo shoot （$1 and $2） was higher than that in leaf （Y1, Y2 and M）. The polymorphism ratio of methylated to un- methylated DNA sites in $2 was highest （32%）. Our results suggest that DNA methylation changed greatly at bamboo growing stages, especially in stage of rapid elongation of intemodes.

Ecological Adaptability of Introduced Bamboo Species

To enrich ornamental bamboo species in south Henan, 22 ornamental bamboo species were introduced from Anji County, Zhejiang Province, and quadrat survey was adopted to study the ecological adaptability of the introduced species. The results showed that 14 of the introduced species survived in south Henan, and particularly Phyllostachys vivax f. aureocaulis, Phyllostachys vivax f. huanwen, Phyllostachys aureosulcata f. spectabilis, Bambusa multiplex, Phyllostachys nigra, Pseudosasa amabilis, Pleioblastus maculatus showed good performance in height growth, diameter growth and resistance, so these species are most suitable for the promotion in south Henan.

模糊数学综合评价结合响应面法优化竹笋汁饮品发酵工艺

该研究以清水竹笋罐头生产过程中产生的清水为原料,以发酵乳杆菌(Lactobacillus fermentium)与红茶菌为菌种复合发酵制备竹笋汁饮品。利用单因素试验、模糊数学综合评价结合响应面法对其发酵工艺进行优化,并对其理化指标、微生物指标及抗氧化性进行检测分析。结果表明,竹笋汁饮品的最佳发酵工艺为:红茶菌添加量6%、发酵温度25℃、发酵时间2.5 d。在此优化条件下,竹笋汁饮品的色泽均匀,呈浅黄色的基底液,其感官评分为85.24分,固形物含量为6.13 g/L,pH为3.38,总糖含量为0.16 g/L,总酸含量为41.33 g/L,总酚含量为7.74 mg/L,总黄酮含量为0.066 mg/m L;益生菌活菌数为3.5×107CFU/g,大肠菌群、沙门氏菌及霉菌未检出,说明其理化指标及微生物指标均符合T/CASME 435—2023《益生菌发酵植物饮料》。竹笋汁饮品对1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼(DPPH)自由基清除率为64.03%,羟自由基(·OH)清除率为46.62%,说明其具有一定的抗氧化能力。

广西笋用竹种质资源及其利用调查

调查了广西的笋用竹种质资源及其利用现状,结果显示,广西适宜笋用的竹种有6属41种(包括变种或品种)。其中,夏季出笋的竹种有3属24种,以大型丛生竹——麻竹种植面积较大,甜龙竹发展潜力大;冬、春季出笋的竹种有2属14种,以大型散生竹——毛竹种植面积最大,但以材用林为主,笋产量较低,刚竹属、大节竹属的其它笋用竹种有零星种植;秋季出笋的竹种有寒竹属1属3种,其笋亦称为“重阳笋”,利用较少。在笋用竹种中人工种植面积在6.67 hm^(2)以上的有麻竹、勃氏甜龙竹、绿竹、毛竹和雷竹5种。调查中还发现了一些新的笋用竹种,竹笋品质佳,但种群量少,处于濒危状态。广西发展笋用竹应重视多种竹种的利用,既要发展麻竹笋用林,也要发展甜龙竹、毛竹及寒竹属竹种等的笋用林,构建全年供笋格局;加大广西本土优良笋用竹种及濒危笋用竹种的培育与利用,选育笋用竹良种,并加快推广种植。

竹笋采挖下克隆整合对毛竹林发笋成竹规律的影响

【目的】为研发毛竹林高产高效生态经营技术提供一定参考。【方法】调查浙西南地区采挖毛竹林竹笋后的笋-幼竹生长过程,通过存活曲线分析毛竹林挖笋后的发笋成竹规律,探讨挖笋对竹笋中单宁、粗脂肪、粗蛋白等品质指标的影响。【结果】竹笋采挖提高了毛竹林地的发笋能力,挖笋样地的发笋数比未挖笋样地增加了12.8%(P<0.05),而挖笋后选留竹笋的存活率也显著高于未挖笋样地;与未挖笋样地相比,挖笋样地内毛竹新分株的平均胸径并未发生显著改变(P>0.05),挖笋不会降低新分株胸径而使林分衰退;竹笋间的非对称性竞争有利于竹笋地径的径级为Ⅰ-Ⅲ级竹笋的生长与存活,随着地径的提高竹笋死亡率显著降低,而径级Ⅳ级以上竹笋则有着较高的死亡率。盛笋早期以后,径级相对较小(Ⅳ级以上)的竹笋开始大量萌发,这类竹笋若不及时采挖,大部分会出现退笋,造成资源浪费;挖笋和未挖笋样地竹笋的含水率、蛋白质和粗脂肪含量在各笋期均未见显著差异(P>0.05),尽管挖笋样地竹笋的单宁含量在末笋期显著高于未挖笋样地,但两种样地其他笋期单宁含量均未见显著差异。【结论】毛竹林竹笋的采挖,可缓解竹笋间的非对称性的资源竞争,有效避免大量退笋导致的毛竹母株营养消耗,实现母株资源的克隆整合,增加竹笋产量。因此,合理的竹笋采挖有利于毛竹笋用林的高效生产及可持续性经营。

云南省竹产业发展思路研究

云南省有竹类植物29属250种,分别占全国的66%、33%,居全国第9位;生产大径竹1.33亿根、小杂竹898万t;生产竹胶合板500 m3、竹地板(含竹木复合地板)2400万m2、竹笋干10.6万t;竹产业产值40.1亿元。云南省竹产业具有散生竹资源占比大、地域集中度高、天然竹资源占比大、笋用竹占优势地位、竹笋产品产值占优势地位、文化底蕴厚重等特点。目前竹产业面临着集约化经营水平低、深加工利用滞后、经营主体少且弱等困难和问题。藉此,提出突出特色优势,创新组织经营,强化政策支持,创新融合发展,加大招商力度等建议。云南省笋用竹产业发展处全国前列,有较好的产业基础和发展前景,应作为云南省竹产业发展的突破口,做大产业特色优势,并融合园区经济和乡村振兴建设,推进云南省竹产业高质量发展。

白星花金龟对竹笋加工剩余物的转化能力研究

为探寻竹笋加工剩余物利用新途径,提高其资源利用效益,研究了白星花金龟3龄幼虫对竹笋加工剩余物的转化能力。结果表明:笋头和笋壳的最佳发酵时间分别为25 d和35 d。经最佳发酵时间处理后,每100 g发酵笋头可转化成虫体4.45 g和虫粪77.97 g;每100 g发酵笋壳可转化成虫体3.83 g和虫粪77.66 g。白星花金龟3龄幼虫对发酵25 d笋头的饲料利用率、虫体转化率、虫粪转化率和近似消化率分别为68.62%、20.21%、81.60%和22.03%;对发酵35 d笋壳的饲料利用率、虫体转化率、虫粪转化率和近似消化率分别为69.64%、17.13%、80.73%和22.36%。除虫体转化率外,饲料利用率、虫粪转化率和近似消化率在笋头与笋壳之间均差异不显著,说明白星花金龟幼虫对发酵笋头和笋壳均有良好的转化效果。研究结果为竹笋加工剩余物资源的高值化、无害化再利用提供了新途径。