Characterization of Potential Cellulose from Hylocereus Polyrhizus(Dragon Fruit)peel:A Study on Physicochemical and Thermal Properties

The strict environmental regulations to overcome the drawbacks of consumption and disposal of non-renewable synthetic materials have motivated this investigation.The physical,chemical,morphological,and thermal properties of Hylocereus Polyrhizus peel(HPP)powder obtained from the raw materials were examined in this study.The physical properties analyzes of Hylocereus Polyrhizus peel(HPP)powder discovered that the moisture content,density,and water holding capacity were 9.70%,0.45 g/cm^(3),and 98.60%,respectively.Meanwhile,the chemical composition analysis of Hylocereus Polyrhizus peel(HPP)powder revealed that the powder was significantly high in cellulose contents(34.35%)from other bio-peel wastes.The crystallinity index of Hylocereus Polyrhizus peel(HPP)powder was 32.76%,according to further X-ray diffraction(XRD)analysis.The thermal stability of Hylocereus Polyrhizus peel(HPP)powder was examined using thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)and found thermally stable at 204℃.The morphological study via scanning electron microscopy(SEM)showed a shriveled and irregular geometry surface.Hylocereus Polyrhizus peel(HPP)powder demonstrated the peak in the range representing the major functional groups responsible for pectin’s properties.Thus,the findings revealed that the Hylocereus Polyrhizus peel(HPP)powder has the potential for the development of biodegradable and renewable materials.

High surface area and mesoporous activated carbon from KOH-activated dragon fruit peels for methylene blue dye adsorption:Optimization and mechanism study

In this study,an alternative precursor for production of activated carbon was introduced using dragon fruit(Hylocereus costaricensis)peel(DFP).Moreover,KOH was used as a chemical activator in the thermal carbonization process to convert DFP into activated carbon(DFPAC).In order to accomplish this research,several approaches were employed to examine the elemental composition,surface properties,amorphous and crystalline nature,essential active group,and surface morphology of the DFPAC.The BrunauerEmmettTeller test demonstrated a mesoporous structure of the DFPAC has a high surface area of 756.3 m2g 1.The cationic dye Methylene Blue(MB)was used as a probe to assess the efficiency of DFPAC towards the removal of MB dye from aqueous solution.The effects of adsorption input factors(e.g.DFPAC dose(A:0.040.12 g L 1),pH(B:310),and temperature(C:3050℃))were investigated and optimized using statistical analysis(i.e.BoxBehnken design(BBD)).The adsorption kinetic model can be best categorized as the pseudofirst order(PFO).Whereas,the adsorption isotherm model can be best described by Langmuir model,with maximum adsorption capacity of DFPAC for MB dye was 195.2 mg g 1 at 50℃.The adsorption mechanism of MB by DFPAC surface was attributed to the electrostatic interaction,pp interaction,and Hbonding.Finally,the results support the ability of DFP to be a promising precursor for production of highly porous activated carbon suitable for removal of cationic dyes(e.g.MB).

Extraction and Stability of Anthocyanins Present in the Skin of the Dragon Fruit (<i>Hylocereus undatus</i>)

The extraction of anthocyanins present in the skin of the dragon fruit was performed using trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) plus a mixture of methanol, acetic acid and water;the anthocyanins were then purified with a LC-18 cartridge, using methanol acidified with TFA as eluent, reaching concentrations of 44.3865 ± 1.3125 mg/100g of sample. The extracts were put through stability tests under different storage conditions, modifying the pH of the extracts (pH of 1, 4 and 6), the temperature (4℃, 25℃ and 68℃) and the absence and presence of light for a time period of 4 days;the tests indiated that anthocyanins remain more stable at a temperature of 4℃?with a pH of 4 in the absence of light, retaining up to 80% of the pigment. Three anthocyanins were partially identified in the extracts by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC);they were: cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, cyanidin 3,5 O-glucoside and pelargonidin 3,5 O-glucoside.

Effect of Low Temperature Storage on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Dragon Fruit

In order to explore the best storage temperature and storage period of dragon fruit seeds,with the constant-humidity germplasm cold storage of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences as a platform and storage temperature as an environmental factor,the germination characteristics of dragon fruit seeds and seedling growth characteristics under low temperature storage(8,4,-1,-10℃)and room temperature storage(25-30℃)over time were explored.The results showed that with the extension of the storage time,the seed germination rates,germination index,healthy seedling rates,seedling heights and fresh weights of 10 seedlings of the three dragon fruit varieties showed basically the same trends,showing a downward trend.After 367 d of cold storage,the germination rate decreased from 100%to 92.33%-98.00%,and the room temperature treatments decreased to 54.00%-86.30%;and the healthy seedling rates of cold-stored seeds decreased from 96.33%-98.00%to 77.33%-97.3%,and the values of the room temperature treatments dropped to 12.00%-68.33%.The germination rates,germination index,healthy seedling rates and seedling heights of the three dragon fruit varieties stored at low temperatures were basically significantly higher than those of the room temperature treatments within 367 d of storage.The germination rates of the three varieties stored at 8℃had no significant differences from other low temperature treatments,but the germination index was significantly lower than other low temperature treatments at 367 d.It showed that low temperature storage at-10-8℃could significantly prolong the vigor and storage time of dragon fruit seeds.Considering cost and other factors,it is better to store dragon fruit seeds in a dry environment at 4℃.The seeds stored at 4℃for 1 year showed a germination rate maintained over 90%and a healthy seedling rate over 85%.

Formulation and Evaluation of Lipstick with Betacyanin Pigment of <i>Hylocereus polyrhizus</i>(Red Dragon Fruit)

Lipstick is the most widely used cosmetic product. Although lipstick gives a lot of social, psychological and therapeutic benefits, it may harm the consumers. Because most lipsticks contained high lead level and long term use of high lead level lipstick may harm the consumers. Research findings have suggested that administration of various antioxidants can prevent or subdue various toxic effects of lead and generation of oxidative stress. Hylocereus polyrhizus (Red dragon fruit) is widely available in Myanmar and it contains powerful antioxidant amaranth colorant called betacyanin pigment. It can prevent the oxidative stress caused by low level of lead, thus suitable as natural colorant for lipstick. As a role of pharmacist, this research was intended to minimize the adverse effects of lipsticks by formulating natural lipstick with betacyanin pigment obtained from H. polyrhizus and other natural ingredients. Formulation of lipstick was carried out by heating and blending method with homogenizer at a speed of 12000 rpm. Then, pH, melting point, surface abnormalities, aging stability, perfume stability and antioxidant activity were performed as quality evaluation. Skin irritation test, microbial analysis and lead content determination were carried out as safety evaluation. Formulated lipsticks with betacyanin pigment of H. polyrhizus have acceptable quality. The IC50 of standard ascorbic acid and formulated lipstick were 4.51 μg/ml and 22.23 μg/ml respectively. In quantitative analysis for microbiological control, formulated lipstick had no visible colony and in qualitative analysis, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were not detected in 0.5 g of formulated lipsticks. Moreover, lead content of formulated lipstick was only 2.9 ppm that is within allowable limit and it had negligible skin irritancy. Therefore, lipstick with betacyanin pigment of H. polyrhizus can utilize as Cosmeceutical.

火龙果果皮天然色素提取及羊绒纤维染色

从火龙果果皮中提取天然色素并对羊绒纤维进行染色,通过调整火龙果果皮天然色素用量、染色温度、染色时间、染液pH、媒染剂用量与媒染方法等进行工艺优化。结果表明,当火龙果果皮天然色素体积分数为8%,染色温度55℃,染色时间40 min,染液pH为5,采用2%(omf)硫酸铝为媒染剂的后媒染法染色,羊绒纤维上染率最高。染色羊绒纤维颜色接近火龙果紫红色色光,上染率在75%以上,耐皂洗色牢度达到4级,纤维机械性能符合可纺性要求。

海南火龙果园土壤肥力与根结线虫数量调查

为了明确海南岛火龙果园土壤肥力状况和根结线虫危害情况,采集了海南岛68家火龙果园的土壤样品共204份,分析测定了土壤氮、磷、钾、钙、镁等矿质营养元素含量及根结线虫的数量,并采用模糊综合评判法对果园土壤综合肥力状况进行评价,分析了根结线虫数量与土壤养分状况的相关性。结果表明:海南岛火龙果园土壤pH为6.4,整体呈中性或弱酸性;有机质含量为19.9 g·kg^(-1),碱解氮含量为63.9 mg·kg^(-1),速效钾含量为95.8 mg·kg^(-1),均处于缺乏状态,而有效磷、交换性钙含量为丰富及以上等级,交换性镁处于中量水平;土壤pH与有机质、交换性钙、镁含量呈显著正相关,表明维持中性的pH水平有利于土壤有机质的积累,对钙、镁的有效性有重要意义;土壤有机质含量与碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、交换性钙、镁含量呈显著正相关,说明土壤有机质的提高有助于提升土壤基础矿质养分的含量;各火龙果园根结线虫数量差异较大,其中,每100克干中土根结线虫2龄幼虫(J2)数量最多的可达736条,而较少的仅有14条;根结线虫发生轻重情况南北差异较大,整体上北部地区的火龙果园根结线虫数量低于南部地区;土壤pH、有机质、有效磷、交换性钙与根结线虫数量呈正相关。调查结果显示,海南岛火龙果园土壤综合肥力指数处于较高水平。

火龙果主要生物活性成分及其功能特性研究进展

火龙果是一种热带水果,广泛种植在世界各地的热带或亚热带地区。大量研究表明,火龙果中含有丰富的营养成分以及多糖、多酚、甜菜素等生物活性物质,具有抗氧化、抗炎、降脂等功能特性。本文综述了近年来火龙果营养物质及其功能特性的研究进展,并对未来火龙果生物活性物质开发的研究方向进行了详细讨论,以期为火龙果的进一步研究提供参考依据。

基于语义分割和几何分析的火龙果果实与枝条的三维重建

针对非结构化环境中采摘机器人缺少足够环境信息的问题,该研究提出了一种用于机器臂避障和路径规划的果实与枝条检测和三维重建方法。采用MobileNetV2取代传统DeepLabV3+主干特征提取网络Xception,并在特征提取模块引入了坐标注意力机制,通过改进网络对采集的RGB图像进行目标检测,并将检测到的火龙果和枝条语义掩膜转换成三维点云。提出一种基于非线性最小二乘法的椭球体拟合方法用于重建火龙果,用有限数量的AABB包围盒获取不规则的枝条的三维空间位姿信息。测试表明,改进后模型的平均交并比(mean intersection over union,mIoU)和平均像素精度(mean pixel accuracy,mPA)分别达到95.59%、98.01%,相较原模型分别提升2.57个百分点和1.44个百分点;平均推理时间和模型内存占用量分别降至94.74 ms和22.52 MB,分别仅为原模型的59%和11%。三维重建试验表明,火龙果果实重建的短轴尺寸和深度距离的平均绝对误差分别为0.44和2.04 mm,枝条重建的样本标准差在各坐标轴上均小于10 mm。结果证实了该研究方法可以有效地重建火龙果果实和枝条,可以为火龙果采摘机器人的采摘路径规划避障提供基础。

不同授粉方式对火龙果座果率及果实贮藏品质的影响

为探究不同授粉方式对火龙果座果率及果实贮藏品质的影响,对自然授粉、异花授粉和自花授粉的火龙果座果率及果实品质指标进行了测定,并针对自花和异花授粉的火龙果果实,研究其在不同温度贮藏条件下的品质变化。结果表明:自然授粉、异花授粉和自花授粉的火龙果座果率分别为10.0%、86.0%和100.0%。异花授粉与自花授粉对的火龙果果实单果质量、还原糖含量、VC含量、花青素含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。在火龙果果实贮藏过程中,4℃较25℃更有利于火龙果品质的保持,4℃温贮藏条件下,异花授粉的火龙果果实在总糖、总酸、可溶性固形物、VC和花青素含量保持方面要优于自花授粉。

火龙果粉冷冻-真空微波干燥工艺优化及贮藏品质

为优化火龙果粉的冷冻干燥结合真空微波干燥工艺并研究其贮藏品质,以火龙果为原料,以复水比和维生素C保留率加权转化的综合评分为指标,通过单因素和响应面试验优化火龙果粉的工艺条件并分析其贮藏品质。结果表明,优化后的工艺条件为采用冷冻干燥将火龙果干燥到水分含量35%后,再采用真空度40 Pa、微波功率1 500 W的真空微波干燥继续将其干燥至水分含量3.5%。该条件下,产品实际综合评分为85.17,与理论预测值基本吻合。联合干燥技术的产品在25℃、相对湿度65%的条件下贮藏30 d时,火龙果粉中的VC保留率为(83.36±0.65)%,感官评分65.6,VC的保留率和感官评分均较高,具有较好的贮藏品质。

罗甸火龙果产业发展现状及提质增效对策与建议

阐述了贵州省罗甸县火龙果产业发展现状,分析了罗甸火龙果产业面临的挑战,最后结合罗甸火龙果产业发展实际提出产业提质增效的对策与建议,以期为罗甸火龙果产业高质量发展提供决策参考。

火龙果生长支撑架改良与优化设计

本文介绍了一种以不锈钢为主要材料的新型火龙果生长支撑架,具有高强度、耐腐蚀、使用寿命长等优点。该支撑架能方便调整支撑支杆的臂展维度,以适应火龙果不同生长阶段的需求,并具有遮阳防虫功能。相较于传统木质、竹制支架,该不锈钢支架提供了更可靠的支撑,提高了火龙果的生长质量和产量,改善了农业景观。此外,该支撑架还可适用于葡萄、百香果等藤蔓作物,具有广泛的园艺、农业、生态修复、家庭园艺和商业种植应用前景。这一创新设计为农业生产和生态环境修复提供了更灵活、耐用的植物支撑解决方案。

Adsorption Isotherm Study of Activated Fruit Peels for Copper Removal

Heavy metal polluted water threatens the integrity of ecosystem.The use of agricultural waste as adsorbent becomes popular due to its biodegradability and availability.However,limited research works has been done to process agricultural waste for heavy metal adsorption purpose.The objective of this study is to propose a new approach to treat banana peel using ZnCl_(2) prior to alkali and acid treatment and explore the potential of dragon fruit peels as the adsorbent for Cu^(2+)adsorption.Seven adsorption isotherm was adopted to identify the adsorption mechanism and four statistical parameters were calculated for model verification purpose.The experiment was conducted by dispersing ZnCl_(2) treated and untreated adsorbents into Cu^(2+) solution.Results showed that ZnCl_(2) treated adsorbents performed better in terms of Cu^(2+) removal compared with untreated adsorbents due to higher surface area for Cu^(2+) adsorption.The treated banana peel(Act.-B)performed approximately 30%better than the treated dragon fruit peel(Act.-D)due to the presence of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups.The equilibrium adsorptive capacity of Act.-B was 1872.8 mg Cu^(2+)/g and the experimental data fitted Freundlich isotherm well with R^(2)=0.9978,0.0161 of residual sum of error(SSE),0.0068 of χ^(2),and 0.0567 of root mean square error(RMSE)values.This suggests non⁃linear adsorption and multilayer adsorption on heterogenous surfaces.Thus,it is recommended to further improve the surface properties of Act.-B by steam pyrolysis and surface modification.

基于优选YOLOv7模型的采摘机器人多姿态火龙果检测系统

为了检测复杂自然环境下多种生长姿态的火龙果,该研究基于优选YOLOv7模型提出一种多姿态火龙果检测方法,构建了能区分不同姿态火龙果的视觉系统。首先比较了不同模型的检测效果,并给出不同设备的建议模型。经测试,YOLOv7系列模型优于YOLOv4、YOLOv5和YOLOX的同量级模型。适用于移动设备的YOLOv7-tiny模型的检测准确率为83.6%,召回率为79.9%,平均精度均值(mean average precision,mAP)为88.3%,正视角和侧视角火龙果的分类准确率为80.4%,推理一张图像仅需1.8 ms,与YOLOv3-tiny、YOLOv4-tiny和YOLOX-tiny相比准确率分别提高了16.8、4.3和4.8个百分点,mAP分别提高了7.3、21和3.9个百分点,与EfficientDet、SSD、Faster-RCNN和CenterNet相比mAP分别提高了8.2、5.8、4.0和42.4个百分点。然后,该研究对不同光照条件下的火龙果进行检测,结果表明在强光、弱光、人工补光条件下均保持着较高的精度。最后将基于YOLOv7-tiny的火龙果检测模型部署到Jetson Xavier NX上并针对正视角火龙果进行了验证性采摘试验,结果表明检测系统的推理分类时间占完整采摘动作总时间的比例约为22.6%,正视角火龙果采摘成功率为90%,验证了基于优选YOLOv7的火龙果多姿态检测系统的性能。

不同授粉方式和留果量对温室火龙果产量和品质的影响

以‘台湾大红’和‘紫红龙’为试材,研究不同授粉方式和留果量对火龙果产量和品质的影响,以期为温室火龙果花果管理技术提供参考依据。结果表明,温室栽培火龙果首选授粉方式为人工授粉;种植规模较大,人工成本较高的也可以选择蜜蜂授粉。单株单批次留果量二三个,商品果率和果实品质最佳。

火龙果加工副产物对鸸鹋生长性能和抗氧化能力的影响

文章旨在探讨火龙果加工副产物对鸸鹋的生长性能和抗氧化能力的影响,对火龙果皮进行发酵,对发酵产物进行感官评测和营养成分测定,同时将20只同批次身高、体重接近的7月龄健康鸸鹋随机分成4组,每组5只进行试验,对照组鸸鹋饲喂基础饲料和青绿饲料,试验各组分别用发酵火龙果皮饲料代替10%、20%、30%的基础饲料,其他条件相同,试验结束后对各组鸸鹋进行生长性能和抗氧化能力检测。结果显示,发酵火龙果皮饲料为优良等级;发酵饲料干物质、粗蛋白质、可溶性蛋白含量显著增加(P<0.05);蛋白酶和纤维素酶活性显著提高(P<0.05);各试验组鸸鹋的平均日采食量、终末体重、平均日增重显著提高(P<0.05),料重比显著下降(P<0.05);各试验组鸸鹋的血清生化指标变化不大;血清T-AOC、GSH-Px、SOD显著提高(P<0.05),MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05)。结论:发酵火龙果皮饲料能显著提高鸸鹋的生长性能和抗氧化能力,可开发为鸸鹋饲料。

复配保鲜剂与美极梅奇酵母处理对火龙果品质的影响

该文以红肉火龙果为试验材料,将复配保鲜剂(纳他霉素,乙二胺四乙酸二钠,果胶)、美极梅奇酵母(Metschnikowia pulcherrima,菌株编号CICC32343)分别处理火龙果,以蒸馏水处理为对照(记作CK),在(25±2)℃和(75±5)%相对湿度条件下,将火龙果放于货架上,贮藏10 d。对火龙果的感官指标、理化指标和抗氧化酶活性的变化进行检测分析。结果表明,贮藏10 d时,复配保鲜剂组的失重率为12.917%,显著低于CK组的14.048%和酵母组的16.202%(P<0.05,下同);复配保鲜剂组和酵母组的腐烂率显著低于CK组;复配保鲜剂和酵母可延缓的果皮a*值、可溶性固形物含量的下降,维持较高的超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶活性;另外,复配保鲜剂对火龙果的硬度、维生素C含量的下降起到显著的延缓作用,保持较高的总黄酮含量,抑制丙二醛含量的上升,延缓过氧化氢酶活性峰值;且抗坏血酸过氧化氢酶活性显著高于酵母组。复配保鲜剂和酵母均能对火龙果起到一定的保鲜作用,其中,复配保鲜剂的整体保鲜效果较好,能更好地维持火龙果的商业价值。比较复配保鲜剂和美极梅奇酵母对火龙果品质的保鲜效果,为火龙果保鲜提供技术参考。

基于GCAM-YOLOv5的火龙果快速检测方法

火龙果是中国和东南亚地区最受欢迎的水果之一。视觉检测系统是火龙果采摘机器人的重要组成部分,火龙果检测算法的速度和准确率决定了采摘机器人的效率与稳定性。为了实现快速且准确地采摘火龙果,本研究提出了一种GCAM-YOLOv5模型用于火龙果的识别与定位。结合GhostBottleneck结构和卷积注意力机制模块(CBAM)构成幽灵卷积注意力模块(GCAM),并用GCAM替换原网络中的C3模块以提高模型的精度和推理速度。GCAM的设计是为了在主干网络中减少参数的前提下更精准地提取特征,加快网络的收敛速度。此外,在训练网络时,使用SIoU边界框回归损失函数代替CIoU边界框回归损失函数,使模型对火龙果的定位更加准确,也能更好地界定果实的边界范围。使用4684张不同环境拍摄的火龙果图像进行试验,结果表明,本研究提出的GCAM-YOLOv5模型准确率、召回率、平均精度高达96.2%,97.9%,98.8%。与原YOLOv5相比,GCAM-YOLOv5的误识别率和漏识别率分别降低了13.6%和46.2%,检测速度提高了12.1%。在遮挡实验中,对于轻微和严重遮挡的火龙果,GCAM-YOLOv5模型的检测精度分别为95.5%和84.1%。

火龙果采摘机器人末端执行器设计与试验

火龙果因其具有较高的营养价值,受到越来越多人的欢迎,随着产量上升和人力短缺的矛盾日益突出,亟需机器取代人的智能化采摘技术与装备。为此,设计了一种咬合式椭圆轨迹末端执行器,以期实现以火龙果叶棱为定位基准的快速剪切式采摘,同时实现保证采摘质量的情况下切口长度缩短到与人工剪切相当的目标。对火龙果外形参数进行测量确定末端执行器的尺寸。以不同的加载速度对火龙果进行单刀剪切试验得出剪切力约为50 N,通过运动学仿真,得出末端执行器在咬合过程中位移、速度、加速度等参数变化曲线,并判断有无干涉等问题,叶棱剪切长度为36.34~41.64 mm,保证机构设计的合理性。依据剪切机构受力分析,对动力源进行选型。通过视觉系统,结合压力薄膜传感器反馈压力信号,控制末端执行器对果实进行采摘。以气压值为因素,以单果采摘时间、采摘成功率、剪切叶棱长度为指标,构建末端执行器样机试验平台,并进行了80次试验。根据实验结果,选取0.5 MPa为最佳气压值,此时采摘成功率为90%,单果采摘时间平均为0.46 s,剪切叶棱长度平均为36.69 mm。与已有的圆形轨迹末端执行器采摘结果进行了对比分析,结果表明,相比圆形轨迹末端执行器剪切叶棱长度分别减少了46.47%,47.84%,48.70%和48.36%。果园实地采摘试验发现,0.5 MPa同样为最佳采摘气压值,此时采摘成功率为85%,单果采摘时间为0.43 s,剪切叶棱平均长度为39.80 mm,验证了设计的合理性。