利用青海黄河源玛多地区2011年7月5～7日土壤温度的观测资料，根据热传导一对流方法计算出该地区的土壤热扩散率和水通量密度的值，代入青藏高原陆面模式TP-LSM（Tibetan Plateau Land Surface Model），模拟了青海黄河源玛多地区夏季...利用青海黄河源玛多地区2011年7月5～7日土壤温度的观测资料，根据热传导一对流方法计算出该地区的土壤热扩散率和水通量密度的值，代入青藏高原陆面模式TP-LSM（Tibetan Plateau Land Surface Model），模拟了青海黄河源玛多地区夏季总辐射、净辐射、土壤热通量的日变化情况，并与实测资料进行了比较和分析。结果表明，黄河源玛多地区夏季的土壤热扩散率的值为8．35×10^-7m^2／s，水通量密度的值为-1．92×10^-7m／s；TP-LSM模式能够有效地模拟出高原上夏季总辐射、净辐射、土壤热通量的日变化情况，对青藏高原玛多地区夏季总辐射、净辐射和土壤热通量模拟的标准差分别为119、127、109W／m^2。展开更多
Hydrocarbon source rocks, as a main geologic factor of petroliferous systems in a sedimentary basin, play a key role in the accumulation of oil and gas and the formation of hydrocarbon accumulations. This study, which...Hydrocarbon source rocks, as a main geologic factor of petroliferous systems in a sedimentary basin, play a key role in the accumulation of oil and gas and the formation of hydrocarbon accumulations. This study, which focuses on difficulties in prediction of hydrocarbon source rocks in basins or sags with low exploration degree and insufficient hydrocarbon source rock indicators, taking the Wenchang Formation of northern Zhu I Depression, Pearl River Mouth Basin as an example, proposed a hypothesis of “finding lakes and hydrocarbon source rocks”. Detailed steps include, first, determination of the lacustrine basin boundary according to analysis of seismic foreset facies, determination of the depositional area based on the compilation of strata residual thickness maps, determination of the lacustrine basin shape according to deciphering slope break belt system, determination of the fluctuation of paleo-water depth according to biogeochemical indicators of mature exploration areas, determination of the lacustrine basin scale based on analyses of tectonics intensity and accommodation space, which prove the existence of the lacustrine basin and identify the range of semi deep-deep lake;second, further analyses of tectonopalaeogeomorphology, paleo-provenance,palaeoclimate and paleo-water depth to reconstruct the geologic background of the original basin and semideep-deep lacustrine facies, to determine the distribution of semi-deep/deep lacustrine sediments in combination with studies of logging facies, core facies, seismic facies and sedimentary facies, and to rank the sags’ potential of developing hydrocarbon source rocks from controlling factors of source-to-sink system development;third, on the basis of regional sedimentary facies analysis, through identification and assessment of seismic facies types of semi-deep/deep lacustrine basins in mature areas, establishing “hydrocarbon source rock facies” in mature areas to instruct the identification and depicting of hydrocarbon source rocks in semideep/deep lacustrine basins with low exploration degree;fourth, through systematical summary of hydrocarbon-rich geological factors and lower limit index of hydrocarbon formation of the sags already revealed by drilling wells(e.g., sag area, tectonic subsidence amount, accommodation space, provenance characteristic, mudstone thickness, water body environment, sedimentary facies types of hydrocarbon source rocks), in correlation with corresponding indexes of sags with low exploration degree, then the evaluation and sorting of high-quality source rocks in areas with sparsely distributed or no drilling wells can be conducted with multi-factors and multiple dimensions. It is concluded that LF22 sag, HZ10 sag and HZ8 sag are II-order hydrocarbon rich sags;whereas HZS, HZ11 and HZ24 are the III-order hydrocarbon-generating sags.展开更多
通过查阅历代本草、医籍、方书并结合近现代相关文献资料,笔者对重楼的名称、基原、学名考订、药用部位、产地、采收加工与炮制、性味功效的历史沿革进行了系统的梳理与考证,以期为含重楼药材经典名方的开发与利用提供参考依据。经考证...通过查阅历代本草、医籍、方书并结合近现代相关文献资料,笔者对重楼的名称、基原、学名考订、药用部位、产地、采收加工与炮制、性味功效的历史沿革进行了系统的梳理与考证,以期为含重楼药材经典名方的开发与利用提供参考依据。经考证可知,重楼最早以“蚤休”为正名记载于《神农本草经》,历代本草多沿用此名。“重楼”之名首见于唐代《新修本草》,近代以来逐步成为正名,现代各级标准法定名称均以重楼为正名。古代所用重楼的主流来源为百合科植物七叶一枝花Paris polyphylla var. chinensis的干燥根茎,但因重楼属植物形态相似,多有混淆,同属根茎粗壮的多叶重楼P. polyphylla、狭叶重楼P. polyphylla var. stenophylla也作为重楼中药材使用;近现代以来,滇重楼P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis也被纳入重楼的主流来源之一。古代本草记载的产地主要为山东、安徽、江苏、江西、湖南、云南等地区,野生采集入药。现代多于云南、四川、贵州、广西等西南地区栽培;古代多为阴历四、五月采根,现代则多于全年采收或秋季采挖,以秋季采挖为佳,产地除去须根、洗净后晒干;重楼古代炮制有酒摩、醋摩、水磨、研、焙等多种炮制方法,现代则以生品切片直接入药为主;重楼性微寒,味苦,有小毒,归肝经,清热解毒,消肿止痛,凉肝定惊,用于疔疮痈肿,咽喉肿痛,蛇虫咬伤等症,古今记载性味功效基本一致。基于考证结果,建议开发含重楼的经典名方时,选用历代主流来源七叶一枝花P.polyphyllavar.chinensis或滇重楼P.polyphyllavar.yunnanensis的干燥根茎,原方中注明炮制要求者皆按要求炮制,未注明炮制要求建议生品入药。展开更多
文摘利用青海黄河源玛多地区2011年7月5～7日土壤温度的观测资料，根据热传导一对流方法计算出该地区的土壤热扩散率和水通量密度的值，代入青藏高原陆面模式TP-LSM（Tibetan Plateau Land Surface Model），模拟了青海黄河源玛多地区夏季总辐射、净辐射、土壤热通量的日变化情况，并与实测资料进行了比较和分析。结果表明，黄河源玛多地区夏季的土壤热扩散率的值为8．35×10^-7m^2／s，水通量密度的值为-1．92×10^-7m／s；TP-LSM模式能够有效地模拟出高原上夏季总辐射、净辐射、土壤热通量的日变化情况，对青藏高原玛多地区夏季总辐射、净辐射和土壤热通量模拟的标准差分别为119、127、109W／m^2。
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41676050)。
文摘Hydrocarbon source rocks, as a main geologic factor of petroliferous systems in a sedimentary basin, play a key role in the accumulation of oil and gas and the formation of hydrocarbon accumulations. This study, which focuses on difficulties in prediction of hydrocarbon source rocks in basins or sags with low exploration degree and insufficient hydrocarbon source rock indicators, taking the Wenchang Formation of northern Zhu I Depression, Pearl River Mouth Basin as an example, proposed a hypothesis of “finding lakes and hydrocarbon source rocks”. Detailed steps include, first, determination of the lacustrine basin boundary according to analysis of seismic foreset facies, determination of the depositional area based on the compilation of strata residual thickness maps, determination of the lacustrine basin shape according to deciphering slope break belt system, determination of the fluctuation of paleo-water depth according to biogeochemical indicators of mature exploration areas, determination of the lacustrine basin scale based on analyses of tectonics intensity and accommodation space, which prove the existence of the lacustrine basin and identify the range of semi deep-deep lake;second, further analyses of tectonopalaeogeomorphology, paleo-provenance,palaeoclimate and paleo-water depth to reconstruct the geologic background of the original basin and semideep-deep lacustrine facies, to determine the distribution of semi-deep/deep lacustrine sediments in combination with studies of logging facies, core facies, seismic facies and sedimentary facies, and to rank the sags’ potential of developing hydrocarbon source rocks from controlling factors of source-to-sink system development;third, on the basis of regional sedimentary facies analysis, through identification and assessment of seismic facies types of semi-deep/deep lacustrine basins in mature areas, establishing “hydrocarbon source rock facies” in mature areas to instruct the identification and depicting of hydrocarbon source rocks in semideep/deep lacustrine basins with low exploration degree;fourth, through systematical summary of hydrocarbon-rich geological factors and lower limit index of hydrocarbon formation of the sags already revealed by drilling wells(e.g., sag area, tectonic subsidence amount, accommodation space, provenance characteristic, mudstone thickness, water body environment, sedimentary facies types of hydrocarbon source rocks), in correlation with corresponding indexes of sags with low exploration degree, then the evaluation and sorting of high-quality source rocks in areas with sparsely distributed or no drilling wells can be conducted with multi-factors and multiple dimensions. It is concluded that LF22 sag, HZ10 sag and HZ8 sag are II-order hydrocarbon rich sags;whereas HZS, HZ11 and HZ24 are the III-order hydrocarbon-generating sags.
文摘通过查阅历代本草、医籍、方书并结合近现代相关文献资料,笔者对重楼的名称、基原、学名考订、药用部位、产地、采收加工与炮制、性味功效的历史沿革进行了系统的梳理与考证,以期为含重楼药材经典名方的开发与利用提供参考依据。经考证可知,重楼最早以“蚤休”为正名记载于《神农本草经》,历代本草多沿用此名。“重楼”之名首见于唐代《新修本草》,近代以来逐步成为正名,现代各级标准法定名称均以重楼为正名。古代所用重楼的主流来源为百合科植物七叶一枝花Paris polyphylla var. chinensis的干燥根茎,但因重楼属植物形态相似,多有混淆,同属根茎粗壮的多叶重楼P. polyphylla、狭叶重楼P. polyphylla var. stenophylla也作为重楼中药材使用;近现代以来,滇重楼P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis也被纳入重楼的主流来源之一。古代本草记载的产地主要为山东、安徽、江苏、江西、湖南、云南等地区,野生采集入药。现代多于云南、四川、贵州、广西等西南地区栽培;古代多为阴历四、五月采根,现代则多于全年采收或秋季采挖,以秋季采挖为佳,产地除去须根、洗净后晒干;重楼古代炮制有酒摩、醋摩、水磨、研、焙等多种炮制方法,现代则以生品切片直接入药为主;重楼性微寒,味苦,有小毒,归肝经,清热解毒,消肿止痛,凉肝定惊,用于疔疮痈肿,咽喉肿痛,蛇虫咬伤等症,古今记载性味功效基本一致。基于考证结果,建议开发含重楼的经典名方时,选用历代主流来源七叶一枝花P.polyphyllavar.chinensis或滇重楼P.polyphyllavar.yunnanensis的干燥根茎,原方中注明炮制要求者皆按要求炮制,未注明炮制要求建议生品入药。
