Contamination of aquatic ecosystems with heavy metals has been receiving increased worldwide attention due to their harmful effects on human health and other organisms in the environment. Most of the studies dealing w...Contamination of aquatic ecosystems with heavy metals has been receiving increased worldwide attention due to their harmful effects on human health and other organisms in the environment. Most of the studies dealing with toxic effects of metals deal with single metal species, while the aquatic organisms are typically exposed to mixtures of metals. Hence, in order to provide data supporting the usefulness of freshwater fish as indicators of heavy metal pollution, it has been proposed in the present study to investigate the bioaccumulation and depuration of chromium in the selected organs of freshwater fingerlings Cirrhinus mrigala, individually and in binary solutions with nickel. The results show that the kidney is a target organ for chromium accumulation, which implies that it is also the ＂critical＂ organ for toxic symptoms. The results further show that accumulation of nickel in all the tissues of C. mrigala is higher than that of chromium. In addition, the metal accumulations of the binary mixtures of chromium and nickel are substantially higher than those of the individual metals, indicating synergistic interactions between the two metals. Theoretically the simplest explanation for an additive joint action of toxicants in a mixture is that they act in a qualitatively similar way. The observed data suggest that C. mrigala could be suitable monitoring organisms to study the bioavailability of water-bound metals in freshwater habitats.展开更多
The aim of this study is to report the length-weight relationship parameters (a and b) for some economically important fish species from Iranian freshwaters. The length-weight relationships (LWR) are calculated for si...The aim of this study is to report the length-weight relationship parameters (a and b) for some economically important fish species from Iranian freshwaters. The length-weight relationships (LWR) are calculated for six freshwater fish species collected during 2006 and 2007 in Iran. The values of the exponent b in the LWR (W=aLb) vary between 2.985 and 3.543. The LWR with high correlation coefficient (r2) is significant for all the species. These parameters are of great importance to evaluate the relative condition of populations, biology, species management and their fisheries and stock assessment. The application of the length-weight relationships presented here should be limited to the observed length ranges.展开更多
According to the three-dimensional contour maps showing the gel-forming properties of surimi derived fromfreshwater fish, 8 species of surimi were classified into two types. The V-valley type surimi (silver carp, big-...According to the three-dimensional contour maps showing the gel-forming properties of surimi derived fromfreshwater fish, 8 species of surimi were classified into two types. The V-valley type surimi (silver carp, big-head carp, Chi-nese snake head and blunt snout bream) shows easy setting, low resistance to gel collapse, high enhancement ability withtwo-step heating, and narrow optimum heating temperature and time area, which are of the same characteristics as the wall-eye pollack surimi. In contrast, the Plateau type surimi (tilapia, grass carp, mud carp and common carp) exhibits difficultsetting, high resistance to gel collapse, no enhancement ability with two-step heating, and wide optimum heating tempera-ture and time area. There are seasonal changes of gelling properties of silver carp surimi, and the setting ability of surimi gelis higher in winter and lower in summer. The marine fish meat gels and the freshwater fish meat gels have the same accept-ability for inland Chinese according to the sensory evaluation results. A slight increase in sensory scorings of kamaboko gelsoccurred when the extract from walleye pollack muscle was added, especially in the odor scoring of silver carp kamaboko gels.展开更多
We surveyed the distribution, composition and diversity of freshwater fish in Hong Kong, China from 2002 to 2004. Sites surveyed were mainly streams, marshes and estuaries. There are ponds for aquaculture and reservoi...We surveyed the distribution, composition and diversity of freshwater fish in Hong Kong, China from 2002 to 2004. Sites surveyed were mainly streams, marshes and estuaries. There are ponds for aquaculture and reservoirs in Hong Kong but no large natural water bodies. From the 220 sites surveyed, 114 species of 37 families were found. Gobiidae (with 24 species) and Cyprinidae (21 species) were the dominant families. This survey has increased the number of freshwater fish species recorded in Hong Kong to 167. Among these, 71 (42.5%) are primary freshwater fish, 44 are brackish and 46 are vagrants. The remaining 6 species are diadromous. In Hong Kong, freshwater fish are conserved by a combination of measures. About 38% of Hong Kong’s land area is designated as country parks and/or special areas, and is managed for nature conservation and educational purposes. In addition, another 5% of land area is zoned for conservation in the statutory land use zoning system to protect them from development and incompatible land uses. Major development projects have to go through the statutory environmental impact assessment process to ensure that they will not have adverse impact as far as practicable. There are conservation action plans for important species. For example, captive-bred individuals of the endemic Hong Kong Paradise Fish Macropodus hongkongensis have been released to suitable and secure sites inside country parks and their populations are regularly monitored. Other measures such as wetland creation, restoration and enhancement programmes are also implemented for freshwater fish conservation.展开更多
Three different packaging materials of (37 cm × 25 cm) size (Sealed Transparent Polythene Bag (STPB) Sealed Paper Bag (SPB) (Brown envelope), Open Mouth Polythene Bag (OMPB) (Black incolour)) were used for Oreoch...Three different packaging materials of (37 cm × 25 cm) size (Sealed Transparent Polythene Bag (STPB) Sealed Paper Bag (SPB) (Brown envelope), Open Mouth Polythene Bag (OMPB) (Black incolour)) were used for Oreochromisniloticus (O), Clariasgariepinus (C) and Mormyrusrume (M). Twenty fish samples per species (averaging 250 gm) were hot smoked dried whole for 36 hours at an average temperature of 100?C. Packaged hot at the rate of 6 fishes per package for each species (three packs for each packaging treatment i.e. 18 pieces were packed while the remaining 2 pieces were used for initial bacteria load and microbial load). Microbial load (Total Viable Count (TVC), Total Coliform Count (TCC) and Total Fungi Count (TFC)) for the fresh fish was initial hot smoked and finally at the end of 12 weeks was monitored. The TVC (bacterial load) of O. niloticus dropped from (10.6 - 8.4) × 104 (fresh state-hot smoked) and M. rume (9.8 - 7.0) × 104, while C. gariepinus slightly increased from (12.4 - 12.6) × 104. After hot smoking, highest TVC of 8.6 × 104 (OMPBC), 8.3 × 104 (SPBC) and 8.2 × 104 (STPBC) were recorded in C. gariepinus among the 9 packag- ing at 12 weeks. However highest tendency for heavy TVC is in all OMPB with highest bacteria load in the OMPBC (8.6 × 104), 7.6 × 104 (OMPBO) and 6.6 × 104 (OMPBM). After 12 weeks highest ranged TFC of (0.6 - 0.7) × 104 was recorded in M. rume as against 0.2 × 104 recorded in the initial smoked for all. TCC was highest in C. gariepinus (4.0 - 4.3) × 104. Packaging did not limit the existence of micro-organisms. Six bacteria species (Micrococcus (acidiophilus, luteus), Bacillus (subtilis, cereus, aureus), Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus lactis, Proteus (vulgaricus, morganii), Pseudomonas aureginosa) and three fungi species (Aspergillus (niger, tamari), Rhizopusnigricans, fusariumoxysporum) were represented in all the packages. On the average five bacteria and two fungi species were represented, excepting for OMPBM and OMPBO with six bacteria species.展开更多
[ Objective] To propose strategic conception for sustainable development of massive freshwater fish in China. [ Method] The current development status of massive freshwater fish industry in China was analyzed. On this...[ Objective] To propose strategic conception for sustainable development of massive freshwater fish in China. [ Method] The current development status of massive freshwater fish industry in China was analyzed. On this basis, strategic conception for sustainable development of massive freshwater fish in China was proposed. [Remlt] In order to solve the present problems in the massive freshwater fish industry in China, basic strategies were proposed to develop the massive freshwater fish industry in China. The fishery resources should be capitalized to promote sustainable development of resources. Consumer demand of end-market should be used to drive stable development of the whole industry chain. Consumer demand should be guided to enhance the industrial market position. Processing and distribution channels should be constructed to promote sustainable development of seed and farming industries. Consumer demand at different levels should be used to promote multi-level multi-media health culture. Brand building and operating should be performed to enhance the competitive position of the industry in international and domestic markets. [ Condusion] The study has great theoretical and practical significance for promoting development of the massive freshwater fish industry in China.展开更多
Stream animals on tropical high islands have ecological counterparts among continental fauna but are confronted with highly dynamic and variable environmental conditions that can far exceed those occurring in mainland...Stream animals on tropical high islands have ecological counterparts among continental fauna but are confronted with highly dynamic and variable environmental conditions that can far exceed those occurring in mainland streams.In response to weather fronts passing through an island chain or to localized fluctuations in the formation of orographic rain,water levels in island streams can change from low flows of a few centimeters depth to sudden flash floods of several meters and back to clear shallow water within a few days.Studies of the five species of indigenous Hawaiian stream fishes have shown that the dispersal of larvae out to sea and their return several months later during their amphidromous life cycles constantly restock streams and provide a kind of ready reserve for recolonizing streams after unusually harsh disturbances,such as the recent Hurricane Iniki.Because of the predominance of amphidromy among the major species of stream fishes and macroinvertebrates on tropical Pacific high islan s,we hypothesize that maintaining biodiversity in these island streams when conditions are otherwise favorable and restoring animal life to formerly diverted streams may be no more complicated than assuring that the freshwater-marine threshold remains open and that natural fluctuations in flow are unhampered.展开更多
文摘Contamination of aquatic ecosystems with heavy metals has been receiving increased worldwide attention due to their harmful effects on human health and other organisms in the environment. Most of the studies dealing with toxic effects of metals deal with single metal species, while the aquatic organisms are typically exposed to mixtures of metals. Hence, in order to provide data supporting the usefulness of freshwater fish as indicators of heavy metal pollution, it has been proposed in the present study to investigate the bioaccumulation and depuration of chromium in the selected organs of freshwater fingerlings Cirrhinus mrigala, individually and in binary solutions with nickel. The results show that the kidney is a target organ for chromium accumulation, which implies that it is also the ＂critical＂ organ for toxic symptoms. The results further show that accumulation of nickel in all the tissues of C. mrigala is higher than that of chromium. In addition, the metal accumulations of the binary mixtures of chromium and nickel are substantially higher than those of the individual metals, indicating synergistic interactions between the two metals. Theoretically the simplest explanation for an additive joint action of toxicants in a mixture is that they act in a qualitatively similar way. The observed data suggest that C. mrigala could be suitable monitoring organisms to study the bioavailability of water-bound metals in freshwater habitats.
文摘The aim of this study is to report the length-weight relationship parameters (a and b) for some economically important fish species from Iranian freshwaters. The length-weight relationships (LWR) are calculated for six freshwater fish species collected during 2006 and 2007 in Iran. The values of the exponent b in the LWR (W=aLb) vary between 2.985 and 3.543. The LWR with high correlation coefficient (r2) is significant for all the species. These parameters are of great importance to evaluate the relative condition of populations, biology, species management and their fisheries and stock assessment. The application of the length-weight relationships presented here should be limited to the observed length ranges.
文摘According to the three-dimensional contour maps showing the gel-forming properties of surimi derived fromfreshwater fish, 8 species of surimi were classified into two types. The V-valley type surimi (silver carp, big-head carp, Chi-nese snake head and blunt snout bream) shows easy setting, low resistance to gel collapse, high enhancement ability withtwo-step heating, and narrow optimum heating temperature and time area, which are of the same characteristics as the wall-eye pollack surimi. In contrast, the Plateau type surimi (tilapia, grass carp, mud carp and common carp) exhibits difficultsetting, high resistance to gel collapse, no enhancement ability with two-step heating, and wide optimum heating tempera-ture and time area. There are seasonal changes of gelling properties of silver carp surimi, and the setting ability of surimi gelis higher in winter and lower in summer. The marine fish meat gels and the freshwater fish meat gels have the same accept-ability for inland Chinese according to the sensory evaluation results. A slight increase in sensory scorings of kamaboko gelsoccurred when the extract from walleye pollack muscle was added, especially in the odor scoring of silver carp kamaboko gels.
基金the comprehensive ecological baseline survey programme of the Department of Agriculture ,Fisheries and Conservation
文摘We surveyed the distribution, composition and diversity of freshwater fish in Hong Kong, China from 2002 to 2004. Sites surveyed were mainly streams, marshes and estuaries. There are ponds for aquaculture and reservoirs in Hong Kong but no large natural water bodies. From the 220 sites surveyed, 114 species of 37 families were found. Gobiidae (with 24 species) and Cyprinidae (21 species) were the dominant families. This survey has increased the number of freshwater fish species recorded in Hong Kong to 167. Among these, 71 (42.5%) are primary freshwater fish, 44 are brackish and 46 are vagrants. The remaining 6 species are diadromous. In Hong Kong, freshwater fish are conserved by a combination of measures. About 38% of Hong Kong’s land area is designated as country parks and/or special areas, and is managed for nature conservation and educational purposes. In addition, another 5% of land area is zoned for conservation in the statutory land use zoning system to protect them from development and incompatible land uses. Major development projects have to go through the statutory environmental impact assessment process to ensure that they will not have adverse impact as far as practicable. There are conservation action plans for important species. For example, captive-bred individuals of the endemic Hong Kong Paradise Fish Macropodus hongkongensis have been released to suitable and secure sites inside country parks and their populations are regularly monitored. Other measures such as wetland creation, restoration and enhancement programmes are also implemented for freshwater fish conservation.
文摘Three different packaging materials of (37 cm × 25 cm) size (Sealed Transparent Polythene Bag (STPB) Sealed Paper Bag (SPB) (Brown envelope), Open Mouth Polythene Bag (OMPB) (Black incolour)) were used for Oreochromisniloticus (O), Clariasgariepinus (C) and Mormyrusrume (M). Twenty fish samples per species (averaging 250 gm) were hot smoked dried whole for 36 hours at an average temperature of 100?C. Packaged hot at the rate of 6 fishes per package for each species (three packs for each packaging treatment i.e. 18 pieces were packed while the remaining 2 pieces were used for initial bacteria load and microbial load). Microbial load (Total Viable Count (TVC), Total Coliform Count (TCC) and Total Fungi Count (TFC)) for the fresh fish was initial hot smoked and finally at the end of 12 weeks was monitored. The TVC (bacterial load) of O. niloticus dropped from (10.6 - 8.4) × 104 (fresh state-hot smoked) and M. rume (9.8 - 7.0) × 104, while C. gariepinus slightly increased from (12.4 - 12.6) × 104. After hot smoking, highest TVC of 8.6 × 104 (OMPBC), 8.3 × 104 (SPBC) and 8.2 × 104 (STPBC) were recorded in C. gariepinus among the 9 packag- ing at 12 weeks. However highest tendency for heavy TVC is in all OMPB with highest bacteria load in the OMPBC (8.6 × 104), 7.6 × 104 (OMPBO) and 6.6 × 104 (OMPBM). After 12 weeks highest ranged TFC of (0.6 - 0.7) × 104 was recorded in M. rume as against 0.2 × 104 recorded in the initial smoked for all. TCC was highest in C. gariepinus (4.0 - 4.3) × 104. Packaging did not limit the existence of micro-organisms. Six bacteria species (Micrococcus (acidiophilus, luteus), Bacillus (subtilis, cereus, aureus), Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus lactis, Proteus (vulgaricus, morganii), Pseudomonas aureginosa) and three fungi species (Aspergillus (niger, tamari), Rhizopusnigricans, fusariumoxysporum) were represented in all the packages. On the average five bacteria and two fungi species were represented, excepting for OMPBM and OMPBO with six bacteria species.
基金supported by the grants of the China Spark Program (2006EA770019)National Special Research Fund for Public Welfare (Agriculture) of China (200903028)+2 种基金the 11th Five-year Plan for Key Construction Academic Subject (Zoology) of Hunan Province (07-A-2)Production-Teaching-Research Demonstration Base Project of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province (2008-2010)Technology Innovation Platform of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province for Conservation and Use of Living Aquatic Resources (2010-2012)
文摘[ Objective] To propose strategic conception for sustainable development of massive freshwater fish in China. [ Method] The current development status of massive freshwater fish industry in China was analyzed. On this basis, strategic conception for sustainable development of massive freshwater fish in China was proposed. [Remlt] In order to solve the present problems in the massive freshwater fish industry in China, basic strategies were proposed to develop the massive freshwater fish industry in China. The fishery resources should be capitalized to promote sustainable development of resources. Consumer demand of end-market should be used to drive stable development of the whole industry chain. Consumer demand should be guided to enhance the industrial market position. Processing and distribution channels should be constructed to promote sustainable development of seed and farming industries. Consumer demand at different levels should be used to promote multi-level multi-media health culture. Brand building and operating should be performed to enhance the competitive position of the industry in international and domestic markets. [ Condusion] The study has great theoretical and practical significance for promoting development of the massive freshwater fish industry in China.
文摘Stream animals on tropical high islands have ecological counterparts among continental fauna but are confronted with highly dynamic and variable environmental conditions that can far exceed those occurring in mainland streams.In response to weather fronts passing through an island chain or to localized fluctuations in the formation of orographic rain,water levels in island streams can change from low flows of a few centimeters depth to sudden flash floods of several meters and back to clear shallow water within a few days.Studies of the five species of indigenous Hawaiian stream fishes have shown that the dispersal of larvae out to sea and their return several months later during their amphidromous life cycles constantly restock streams and provide a kind of ready reserve for recolonizing streams after unusually harsh disturbances,such as the recent Hurricane Iniki.Because of the predominance of amphidromy among the major species of stream fishes and macroinvertebrates on tropical Pacific high islan s,we hypothesize that maintaining biodiversity in these island streams when conditions are otherwise favorable and restoring animal life to formerly diverted streams may be no more complicated than assuring that the freshwater-marine threshold remains open and that natural fluctuations in flow are unhampered.
