基于改进COF-YOLO v8n的油茶果静态与动态检测计数方法

针对自然环境下油茶果存在严重遮挡、近景色、小目标等现象,使用YOLO网络存在检测精度低、漏检现象严重等问题,提出对YOLO v8n网络进行改进。首先使用MPDIOU作为YOLO v8n的损失函数,有效解决因为果实重叠导致的漏检问题;其次调整网络,向其中加入小目标检测层,使网络能够关注小目标油茶以及被树叶遮挡的油茶;最后使用SCConv作为特征提取网络,既能兼顾检测精度又能兼顾检测速度。改进COF-YOLO v8n网络精确率、召回率、平均精度均值分别达到97.7%、97%、99%,比未改进的YOLO v8n分别提高3.2、4.8、2.4个百分点,其中严重遮挡情况下油茶检测精确率、召回率、平均精度均值分别达到95.9%、95%、98.5%,分别比YOLO v8n提高4.0、9.1、4.6个百分点。因此改进后COF-YOLO v8n网络能够明显提高油茶在严重遮挡、近景色、小目标均存在情况下的识别精度,减小油茶的漏检。此外,模型能够实现动、静态输入条件下油茶果计数。动态计数借鉴DeepSORT算法的多目标跟踪思想,将改进后COF-YOLO v8n的识别输出作为DeepSORT的输入,实现油茶果实的追踪计数。所得改进模型具有很好的鲁棒性,且模型简单可以嵌入到边缘设备中,不仅可用于指导自动化采收,还可用于果园产量估计,为果园物流分配提供可靠借鉴。

TpBD-3COOH COF的制备及对废水中罗丹明B吸附性能研究

研究了以三醛基间苯三酚(Tp)、4,4-二氨基联苯-2,2-二羧酸(DBd)和联苯二胺(BD)为原料,通过溶剂热法制备新型羧基官能化的二维共价有机框架材料TpBD-3COOH COF,并用于吸附罗丹明B染料废水,采用XRD、FT-IR、SEM对其形貌进行了表征。结果表明:在pH=4、TpBD-3COOH COF用量8 mg、废水中罗丹明B质量浓度10 mg/L条件下吸附60 min,罗丹明B去除率可达95%;5次重复试验后,TpBD-3COOH COF对罗丹明B的去除率仍可达70%以上,且吸附过程与准二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型相吻合。

NH_(2)-UiO-66/PyPD-COF异质结构筑及高效光催化产氢

有机框架化合物因分子水平结构可控、大的比表面积、高孔隙率、分散的化学活性位点以及良好稳定性等优点,在光催化解水制氢方面具有较大的应用潜力。采用溶剂热法,在共价有机框架PyPD-COF的合成过程中引入金属有机框架NH_(2)-UiO-66,原位形成NH_(2)-UiO-66/PyPD-COF异质结。通过TEM、EDS、XPS、FTIR、UV-Vis和光电流测试分析,光催化性能测试等手段对样品进行表征,构筑的NH_(2)-UiO-66/PyPD-COF异质结不仅可以保留原始MOF及COF组分的优良特性,还可在异质界面形成键连,利于促进界面间电荷迁移,降低电子-空穴复合率,提升光催化产氢效率至20.68 mmol·h^(-1)·g^(-1),分别为原始NH_(2)-UiO-66和PyPD-COF的86倍和3倍。同时,界面处的共价键键连使得复合样品具有良好的制氢稳定性,这为构筑高效光催化分解水产氢异质结光催化剂提供了一种新的策略。

Anomalous{10.12}tensile twinning and subsequent detwinning in a friction stir processed carbon fiber-reinforced Mg composite

1.Main text Owing to their low density and high specific strength,magnesium alloys and magnesium-based composites have great potential as structure metal materials in applications where lightweight matters[1–4].Deformation twins[5],especially the{10.12}tension twins(also called tensile or extension twins)with a low critical resolved shear stress(CRSS)[6],are commonly observed in Mg alloys.They can provide the much-needed deformation along the c-axis in their hcp structure resulting from the very few easily activatedaslip systems in this crystal structure[7].The tensile twinning activation usually follows the macroscopic Schmid factor law[2],i.e.,the twin variant with the highest Schmid factor occurs,and it only appears when its Schmid factor is positive.

Using Optical Tweezers to Study the Friction of the Red Blood Cells

In the last two decades the study of red blood cell elasticity using optical tweezers has known a rise appearing in the scientific research with regard to the various works carried out. Despite the various work done, no study has been done so far to study the influence of friction on the red blood cell indentation response using optical tweezers. In this study, we have developed a new approach to determine the coefficient of friction as well as the frictional forces of the red blood cell. This approach therefore allowed us to simultaneously carry out the indentation and traction test, which allowed us to extract the interfacial properties of the microbead red blood cell couple, among other things, the friction coefficient. This property would be extremely important to investigate the survival and mechanical features of cells, which will be of great physiological and pathological significance. But taking into account the hypothesis of friction as defined by the isotropic Coulomb law. The experiment performed for this purpose is the Brinell Hardness Test (DB).

Study on Chaotic Characteristics of the Friction Process between High Hardness Alloy Steel and Cemented Carbide under C60 Nanoparticle Fluid Lubrication

Friction and wear phenomenon is a complex nonlinear system,and it is also a significant problem in the process of metal cutting.In order to systematically analyze the friction and wear process of tool material-workpiece material friction pair in the cutting process of high hardness alloy steel under different lubrication conditions,the chaotic characteristics of friction process between high hardness alloy steel and cemented carbide under the lubrication C60 nano-particles fluid are studied based on the chaos theory.Firstly,the friction and wear experiments of the friction pair between high hardness alloy steel and cemented carbide tool are carried out based on the ring-block friction and wear tester,and the results of friction force signal in time domain and wear width are obtained.Then,the friction signals in time domain are processed and transformed based on phase space reconstruction and recurrence plot theory,and the recurrence plots of different experimental groups under different lubrication conditions are generated.The evolution law of recurrence plot is further observed and studied,and the recursive quantitative index is analyzed.Finally,the cutting experiments of tool wear are carried out.The results show that the proposed method can intuitively and accurately reveal the wear evolution process and the wear feature identification law of the tool material-high hardness alloy steel pair under different lubrication conditions.Meanwhile,it is found that when the concentration of C60 nanoparticles is 200∼300 ppm,the stability of the friction pair system is best.The proposed method can provide a strategy for wear prediction in cutting process,and provide a theoretical basis and technical support for antifriction lubrication methods in practical cutting applications.

Improvement of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Rapid Cooling Friction Stir-welded A1050 Pure Aluminum

Two-mm thick A1050 pure aluminum plates were successfully joined by conventional and rapid cooling friction stir welding(FSW), respectively. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the welded joints were investigated by electron backscatter diffraction characterization, Vickers hardness measurements, and tensile testing. The results showed that liquid CO_(2) coolant significantly reduced the peak temperature and increased the cooling rate, so the rapidly cooled FSW joint exhibited fine grains with a large number of dislocations. The grain refinement mechanism of the FSW A1050 pure aluminum joint was primarily attributed to the combined effects of continuous dynamic recrystallization, grain subdivision, and geometric dynamic recrystallization. Compared with conventional FSW, the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and fracture elongation of rapidly cooled FSW joint were significantly enhanced, and the welding efficiency was increased from 80% to 93%. The enhanced mechanical properties and improved synergy of strength and ductility were obtained due to the increased dislocation density and remarkable grain refinement. The wear of the tool can produce several WC particles retained in the joint, and the contribution of second phase strengthening to the enhanced strength should not be ignored.

功能化COFs材料的制备及其对水中镉离子的吸附研究

通过探索以三醛基间苯三酚(TP)为前体,2,5-二氨基-1,4苯二硫酚二盐酸盐修饰合成共价有机框架(COFs),并应用于水体中镉的吸附研究。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重分析(TG)等手段对材料形貌进行表征。利用火焰原子吸收光谱仪(AAS)对吸附后溶液进行测定。结果表明:COFs材料对镉离子有良好的吸附效果,在低浓度下对镉吸附率为92.0%,镉浓度为150mg/L时达到最大吸附量。伪二级动力学曲线可更好地拟合吸附行为,吸附等温线同时符合Langmuir和Freundlich模型,最大理论吸附量为36.7mg/kg。制备的COFs材料对溶液中镉离子具有良好吸附性能。

Effects of friction stir processing and nano-hydroxyapatite on the microstructure,hardness,degradation rate and in-vitro bioactivity of WE43 alloy for biomedical applications

Nowadays,magnesium alloys are emerging in biomedical implants for their similar properties to natural bones.However,the rapid degradation of magnesium alloys in biological media hinders successful implantation.Refinement of microstructure,as well as reinforcement particles can significantly improve the degradation rate.In this work,multi-pass friction stir processing(FSP)was proposed to synthesize WE43/nano-hydroxyapatite(n HA)surface composite,the microstructure,reinforced particle distribution,micro-hardness,corrosion behavior and in-vitro bioactivity were studied.The subsequent FSP passes of WE43 alloy and WE43/n HA composite refined the grain size which was reduced by 94.29%and 95.92%(2.63 and 1.88μm,respectively)compared to base metal after three passes.This resulted in increasing the microhardness by 120%(90.86 HV0.1)and 135%(105.59 HV0.1)for the WE43 and WE43-n HA,respectively.It is found that increasing FSP passes improved the uniform distribution of n HA particles within the composite matrix which led to improved corrosion resistance and less degradation rate.The corrosion rate of the FSPed WE43/n HA composite after three passes was reduced by 38.2%(4.13 mm/year)and the degradation rate was reduced by 69.7%(2.87 mm/y).This is attributed to secondary phase(Mg24Y5and Mg41Nd5)particle fragmentation and redistribution,as well as a homogeneous distribution of n HA.Additionally,the growing Ca-P and Mg(OH)2layer formed on the surface represented a protective layer that reduced the degradation rate.The wettability test revealed a relatively hydrophilic surface with water contact angle of 49.1±2.2°compared to 71.2±2.1°for base metal.Also,biomineralization test showed that apatite layer grew after immersion 7d in simulated body fluid with atomic ratio of Ca/P 1.60 approaching the stoichiometric ratio(1.67)indicating superior bioactivity of FSPed WE43/n HA composite after three passes.These results raise that the grain refinement by FSP and introduction of n HA particles significantly improved the degradation rate and in-vitro bioactivity of WE43 alloy for biomedical applications.

A review of linear friction welding of Ni -based superalloys

Ni-based superalloys are one of the most important materials employed in high-temperature applications within the aerospace and nuclear energy industries and in gas turbines due to their excellent corrosion,radiation,fatigue resistance,and high-temperature strength.Linear friction welding(LFW)is a new joining technology with near-net-forming characteristics that can be used for the manu-facture and repair of a wide range of aerospace components.This paper reviews published works on LFW of Ni-based superalloys with the aim of understanding the characteristics of frictional heat generation and extrusion deformation,microstructures,mechanical proper-ties,flash morphology,residual stresses,creep,and fatigue of Ni-based superalloy weldments produced with LFW to enable future optim-um utilization of the LFW process.

Tailoring the microstructure of Mg-Al-Sn-RE alloy via friction stir processing and the impact on its electrochemical discharge behaviour as the anode for Mg-air battery

Constructing the magnesium alloy with fine grains,low density of dislocations,and weak crystal orientation is of crucial importance to enhance its comprehensive performance as the anode for Mg-air battery.However,this unique microstructure can hardly be achieved with conventional plastic deformation such as rolling or extrusion.Herein,we tailor the microstructure of Mg-Al-Sn-RE alloy by using the friction stir processing,which obviously refines the grains without increasing dislocation density or strengthening crystal orientation.The Mg-air battery with the processed Mg-Al-Sn-RE alloy as the anode exhibits higher discharge voltages and capacities than that employing the untreated anode.Furthermore,the impact of friction stir processing on the electrochemical discharge behaviour of Mg-Al-Sn-RE anode and the corresponding mechanism are also analysed according to microstructure characterization and electrochemical response.

Preheating-assisted solid-state friction stir repair of Al-Mg-Si alloy plate at different rotational speeds

Additive friction stir deposition(AFSD)is a novel structural repair and manufacturing technology has become a research hotspot at home and abroad in the past five years.In this work,the microstructural evolution and mechanical performance of the Al-Mg-Si alloy plate repaired by the preheating-assisted AFSD process were investigated.To evaluate the tool rotation speed and substrate preheating for repair quality,the AFSD technique was used to additively repair 5 mm depth blind holes on 6061 aluminum alloy substrates.The results showed that preheat-assisted AFSD repair significantly improved joint bonding and joint strength compared to the control non-preheat substrate condition.Moreover,increasing rotation speed was also beneficial to improve the metallurgical bonding of the interface and avoid volume defects.Under preheating conditions,the UTS and elongation were positively correlated with rotation speed.Under the process parameters of preheated substrate and tool rotation speed of 1000 r/min,defect-free specimens could be obtained accompanied by tensile fracture occurring in the substrate rather than the repaired zone.The UTS and elongation reached the maximum values of 164.2MPa and 13.4%,which are equivalent to 99.4%and 140%of the heated substrate,respectively.

Friction Characteristics Between Marine Clay and Construction Materials

Structure-soil interface friction characteristics is of importance to investigate the interaction between engineering structures and soils,especially for offshore structures.The interface friction behavior between marine clay and structural materials with different roughness was studied in this paper by using 3D optical scanning tests,a modified direct shear device and numerical simulation.Relationships between the surface roughness of structures,water content and interface friction angle were presented by model tests.The increase of water contents decreased the interface friction angles.For interfaces with different roughness,the interface friction angles will be smaller than that of the soil when the water content exceeds a certain value.The roughness of the interface and the water content of the soil are mutually coupled to influence the coefficient of friction(COF).This paper proposed a Finite Element Method(FEM)to simulate the interface direct shear tests of structures with different roughness.The surface models with different roughness are established based on the structure data obtained by 3D scanning.The Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian(CEL)approach was employed to analyse soils sheared by irregular surfaces.The interface behavior for interfaces with different roughness under cyclic shear stresses was analyzed by FEM.

Application of novel constrained friction processing method to produce fine grained biomedical Mg-Zn-Ca alloy

In order to obtain Mg alloys with fine microstructures and high mechanical performances,a novel friction-based processing method,name as“constrained friction processing(CFP)”,was investigated.Via CFP,defect-free Mg-Zn-Ca rods with greatly refined grains and high mechanical properties were produced.Compared to the previous as-cast microstructure,the grain size was reduced from more than 1 mm to around 4μm within 3 s by a single process cycle.The compressive yield strength was increased by 350%while the ultimate compressive strength by 53%.According to the established material flow behaviors by“tracer material”,the plastic material was transported by shear deformation.From the base material to the rod,the material experienced three stages,i.e.deformation by the tool,upward flow with additional tilt,followed by upward transportation.The microstructural evolution was revealed by“stop-action”technique.The microstructural development at regions adjacent to the rod is mainly controlled by twinning,dynamic recrystallization(DRX)as well as particle stimulated nucleation,while that within the rod is related to DRX combined with grain growth.

Existence and numerical approximation of a solution to frictional contact problem for electro-elastic materials

In this paper,a frictional contact problem between an electro-elastic body and an electrically conductive foundation is studied.The contact is modeled by normal compliance with finite penetration and a version of Coulomb’s law of dry friction in which the coefficient of friction depends on the slip.In addition,the effects of the electrical conductivity of the foundation are taken into account.This model leads to a coupled system of the quasi-variational inequality of the elliptic type for the displacement and the nonlinear variational equation for the electric potential.The existence of a weak solution is proved by using an abstract result for elliptic variational inequalities and a fixed point argument.Then,a finite element approximation of the problem is presented.Under some regularity conditions,an optimal order error estimate of the approximate solution is derived.Finally,a successive iteration technique is used to solve the problem numerically and a convergence result is established.

Prediction of corrosion rate for friction stir processed WE43 alloy by combining PSO-based virtual sample generation and machine learning

The corrosion rate is a crucial factor that impacts the longevity of materials in different applications.After undergoing friction stir processing(FSP),the refined grain structure leads to a notable decrease in corrosion rate.However,a better understanding of the correlation between the FSP process parameters and the corrosion rate is still lacking.The current study used machine learning to establish the relationship between the corrosion rate and FSP process parameters(rotational speed,traverse speed,and shoulder diameter)for WE43 alloy.The Taguchi L27 design of experiments was used for the experimental analysis.In addition,synthetic data was generated using particle swarm optimization for virtual sample generation(VSG).The application of VSG has led to an increase in the prediction accuracy of machine learning models.A sensitivity analysis was performed using Shapley Additive Explanations to determine the key factors affecting the corrosion rate.The shoulder diameter had a significant impact in comparison to the traverse speed.A graphical user interface(GUI)has been created to predict the corrosion rate using the identified factors.This study focuses on the WE43 alloy,but its findings can also be used to predict the corrosion rate of other magnesium alloys.

Dynamic simulation insights into friction weakening effect on rapid long-runout landslides:A case study of the Yigong landslide in the Tibetan Plateau,China

This study proposed a novel friction law dependent on velocity,displacement and normal stress for kinematic analysis of runout process of rapid landslides.The well-known Yigong landslide occurring in the Tibetan Plateau of China was employed as the case,and the derived dynamic friction formula was included into the numerical simulation based on Particle Flow Code.Results showed that the friction decreased quickly from 0.64(the peak)to 0.1(the stead value)during the 5s-period after the sliding initiation,which explained the behavior of rapid movement of the landslide.The monitored balls set at different sections of the mass showed similar variation characteritics regarding the velocity,namely evident increase at the initial phase of the movement,followed by a fluctuation phase and then a stopping one.The peak velocity was more than 100 m/s and most particles had low velocities at 300s after the landslide initiation.The spreading distance of the landslide was calculated at the two-dimension(profile)and three-dimension scale,respectively.Compared with the simulation result without considering friction weakening effect,our results indicated a max distance of about 10 km from the initial unstable position,which fit better with the actual situation.

全球好豆,汇聚昆山——记2024昆山国际咖啡产业展览会(COFAIR 2024)

2024年5月19日,由中国食品工业协会主办、中国食品工业协会咖啡与饮品专业委员会承办的备受全球咖啡从业者瞩目的年度盛会——2024昆山国际咖啡产业展览会(COFAIR 2024)在江苏省昆山市划上了完美的句号。本届展会以“创新·灵感·未来”为主题,规模超过16000平方米,吸引了全球11个国家的573家企业及品牌参展,到场专业观众超12000人次。

基于平板模型测量Ecoflex材料膜的电导率

功能高分子材料通常都制成薄膜,薄膜状的功能高分子材料的导电性测量需要采用直流三电极、惠斯通电桥法和直流四探针法,但这些方法都对样品的尺寸和厚度有一定要求。不同厚度下直流电流的流向和分布不可控会严重影响测试精度,而且使用四探针法测量薄膜材料比较繁琐,需要先制备方形膜并将其平整地固定在水平玻璃板上。对此,通过上述方法了解,提出一种原创的测量装置,通过接触分离式TENG搭建了一套测量功能Ecoflex薄膜材料的导电性测量装置。并使用静电检测仪进行数据提取,平均相对误差为9.272%,填补了Ecoflex材料导电性测量的空缺。该Ecoflex薄膜材料的导电性测量装置的创新型在于接触分离式TENG测量功能Ecoflex薄膜导电性的优点在于基于位移电流的交流测试对样品的几何尺寸无严格要求,而且无需特定形状,操作方便,可原位检测。除此之外,提供了一种足底能量收集方案,可以用于机械能对电能的转化。

Pt/COF-LZU1中空结构催化剂的制备及其催化性能

为了提高对偶氮染料的去除效率,采用加热回流法、刻蚀法和浸渍法相结合,制备了Pt/COF-LZU1中空结构催化剂,对催化剂的形貌和结构进行了表征,并对亚甲基蓝溶液的催化降解效果进行了测试。结果表明:当二氧化硅微球、均苯三甲醛和对苯二胺的配比为1∶1∶1时,所制备的中空结构的COF-LZU1微球分散性更好,表面没有多余的共价有机框架材料(COFs)链生成,合成的Pt/COF-LZU1催化剂,Pt纳米颗粒负载量大,分布均匀;在室温条件下,在120 min时,40 mg的Pt/COF-LZU1中空催化剂+H_(2)O_(2)对150 mL 10 mg/L的亚甲基蓝的催化降解效率可达到93.45%。