Residual Capacity of Friction⁃Type High⁃Strength Bolted T⁃stub Connection with Nut Corrosion Damage

Corrosion is a primary cause of the slippage of friction⁃type high⁃strength bolted(FHSB)T⁃stub connections.This paper attempts to quantify the residual capacity of FHSB T⁃stub connections with corroded nuts.Firstly,corrosion simulation tests were conducted on 48 manually cut nuts to find out the relationship between the damage degree of nut section and the residual clamping force(RCF)of bolt.Then,static load tests were carried out on 24 FHSB T⁃stub connections with nuts of different degrees of damage to obtain the failure modes.By finite⁃element(FE)models,a comparative analysis was performed on the initial friction load(IFL)and ultimate strength(US)of each connection with corroded nuts.Finally,the parameters of 96 FE models for FHSB T⁃stub connections were analyzed and used to derive the calculation formulas for the degree of damage for each nut and the IFL and US of each connection.The results show that the RCF decay of a bolt is a quadratic function of the equivalent radius loss ratio and the shear failure after nut corrosion;the IFL of each connection had a clear linear correlation with the RCF of the corresponding bolts,and the correlation depends on the applied load and static friction on connecting plate interface induced by the clamping force;the static friction had little impact on the US of the connection;the proposed IFL and US formulas can effectively derive the residual anti⁃slip capacity of FHSB T⁃stub connections from the degree of damage of the corroded nut section.The research results provide a scientific basis for the replacement and maintenance of corroded bolts of FHSB T⁃stub connections.

1300 MPa High Strength Steel for Bolt with Superior Delayed Fracture Resistance

By the increase in Mo content,the addition of microalloying elements V and Nb and by reducing the contents of Mn,P and S based on the composition of steel 42 CrMo,we have developed a 1 300 MPa-grade high strength steel(ADF1)for bolts.The sustained load bending test,sustained load tensile test and stress corrosion cracking test have been carried out to evaluate the delayed fracture resistance of steel ADFl and commercial steel 42 CrMo.The results showed that steel ADF1 has superior delayed fracture resistance to that of 42 CrMo steel.It's concluded that the superior delayed fracture resistance of ADF1 is mainly due to the increase of tempering temperature,fine homogeneously distributed MC carbide and fine prior austenite grain size.

Failure mechanism of bolting support and high-strength bolt-grouting technology for deep and soft surrounding rock with high stress

In deep underground mining, the surrounding rocks are very soft with high stress. Their deformation and destruction are serious, and frequent failures occur on the bolt support. The failure mechanism of bolt support is proposed to solve these problems. A calculation theory is established on the bond strength of the interface between the anchoring agent and surrounding rocks. An analysis is made on the influence law of different mechanical parameters of surrounding rocks on the interfacial bond strength. Based on the research, a new high-strength bolt-grouting technology is developed and applied on site. Besides, some helpful engineering suggestions and measures are proposed. The research shows that the serious deformation and failure, and the lower bond strength are the major factors causing frequent failures of bolt support. So, the bolt could not give full play to its supporting potential. It is also shown that as the integrity, strength, interface dilatancy and stress of surrounding rocks are improved, the bond strength will increase. So, the anchoring force on surrounding rocks can be effectively improved by employing an anchoring agent with high sand content, mechanical anchoring means, or grouting reinforcement. The new technology has advantages in a high strength, imposing pre-tightening force, and giving full play to the bolt supporting potential. Hence, it can improve the control effect on surrounding rocks. All these could be helpful references for the design of bolt support in deep underground mines.

Prying Force Calculation and Design Method for T-shaped Tensile Connector with High Strength Bolt

In order to establish the design method for T-shaped tensile connector with high strength bolt,the theoretical analysis is carried out. Firstly,it analyzes the performance of the connector and establishes prying force calculation model. Based on the model,prying force equation and function between bolt prying force and flange thickness is derived,and the min and max thickness requirement of flange plate under a certain tension load is then obtained. Finally,two simplified design methods of the connector are proposed,which are bolt pulling capacity method and flange plate bending capacity method.

Numerical Model Research on Rotational Performance of Beam-Column High-Strength Bolt Extension End-Plate Connection Node

The high-strength bolted end plate connection is widely used in the construction industry with its green environmental protection and excellent seismic performance. The joints of the joints are semi-rigid, the force performance is extremely complicated, and the experimental research cost is relatively high, and the cycle is very long. Therefore, the establishment of an efficient numerical model is of great significance for evaluating the force performance of high-strength bolt end plates. In this paper, the influence of different material models on the rotation performance of the joint is studied by numerical simulation, and the bending moment-rotation curve is obtained. The numerical simulation and the experimental results are in good agreement, so as to provide a reference for the design and application of this kind of joint.

Research on Bolt Support Technology in Soft Coal Seam Roadway

In order to solve the problem of surrounding rock control in soft coal seam roadway, taking the centralized return airway of No. 2 coal seam in Liangdu Coal Industry as the research background, the mechanical conditions of roadway surrounding rock were analyzed by means of field investigation, rock mechanics experiment and numerical simulation. The design principles of roadway support in soft coal seam were put forward: high strength anchor cable support, high preload support and high stiffness support. The bearing capacity of surrounding rock was strengthened by anchor cable support, and the deformation and failure of surrounding rock were effectively controlled. Through the numerical simulation method, the deformation and plastic failure range of roadwaysunder different support schemes are compared and analyzed. The support scheme of centralized transportation roadway is studied and determined, and the field test is carried out, which effectively controls the deformation of surrounding rock of roadway in weak coal seam.

新型承插式螺栓连接柱-柱节点抗拉性能研究

为实现模块化钢结构单元房间的上下连接,提出一种新型承插式螺栓连接柱-柱节点,以有无注浆、承插深度为参数设计并制作3个足尺节点试件,并对其进行抗拉试验,分析了各节点的破坏形态、应变分布以及承载能力等,探讨了该新型节点的抗拉性能.建立了数值分析模型,进行了轴拉荷载作用下的受力性能参数化分析,研究了承插深度、螺栓直径及内套筒厚度对节点抗拉承载力的影响.基于高强螺栓的抗剪承载力,提出了适用于该新型节点的抗拉承载力计算公式.研究结果表明:该新型节点可将轴向拉力有效传递至高强螺栓,试件破坏时均出现高强螺栓群被剪断,灌浆节点试件发生破坏时,出现钢材与灌浆料界面的黏结破坏及螺栓周围局部灌浆料的压碎;高强螺栓群在拉力荷载作用下呈端部螺栓受剪较大、中心螺栓受剪较小的分布,试件破坏时,各螺栓承受的剪力趋于相等;灌浆节点与无浆节点相比,灌浆料与高强螺栓协同工作性能良好,弹性阶段最大摩擦力平均值提高64.4%,极限抗拉承载力提高14.1%;承插深度由300 mm增至500 mm,节点极限抗拉承载力提高80.9%;承插深度和螺栓直径对节点抗拉承载力影响较大,内套筒厚度对节点抗拉承载力的影响较小;根据提出的节点抗拉承载力计算公式得到的计算值与有限元模拟值吻合良好.

喷砂处理钢板高强度螺栓摩擦型连接循环抗剪试验研究

为了解决地震下高强度螺栓抗剪连接承载力性能的问题,对钢板喷砂处理的不同螺栓尺寸和孔型的36个高强度螺栓抗剪连接件进行了双剪、单剪和夹紫铜片双剪的循环加载试验,获得了连接件抗剪承载力、抗滑移系数、滑移前变形、刚度、滑移后的滑动承载力、实测摩擦因数、名义摩擦因数和螺栓拉力。结果表明:双剪连接刚度大,单剪连接滑移前变形是双剪连接的1.8倍;在喷砂钢板间夹紫铜片后抗滑移系数提高约16.1%并可减小摩擦力离散性和滑移噪声;螺栓垫圈与喷砂钢板间的摩擦力对单剪抗剪承载力有提高作用;提出修正的单剪连接抗滑移承载力公式;给出双剪、单剪和夹紫铜片双剪连接的滑移前变形建议取值,提出3类连接的滑动承载力公式。

基于超声多尺度衰减的螺栓轴向应力评价

针对超声波传统衰减法测量高强度短螺栓应-力时,难以达到预期精度,提出了一种基于超声散射衰减理论和小波多尺度分解的测量螺栓应力的方法。基于立方晶系材料的瑞利散射,推导了超声衰减系数与应力关系的理论模型。利用小波变换得到各个尺度的衰减系数并定义加权超声多尺度衰减系数,结合粒子群优化算法和灰色关联分析确定衰减系数最优尺度组合及其归一化权重系数,建立轴向应力的超声多尺度衰减测量模型。利用搭建的螺栓轴向应力超声波测量系统,对普通螺栓进行轴向应力测量,证明了该方法的可行性。对比了多尺度衰减法与渡越时间和传统衰减法对高强度短螺栓轴向应力的测量结果,验证了多尺度超声衰减法更适合高强度短螺栓的轴向应力测量。

钢板加固螺栓球节点力学性能试验研究

针对螺栓球节点高强螺栓漏拧、少拧的情况,实际工程中常采用焊接钢板加固螺栓球节点来保障螺栓球节点承载力。为探究钢板加固螺栓球节点的破坏形式及极限承载力规律,对三组高强螺栓拧入深度0.5d(d为螺栓直径)螺栓球节点采用钢板加固并进行受拉承载力试验。试验结果表明,钢板加固螺栓球节点虽能提高节点的承载力,但试件高强螺栓和钢板变形很难协调,共同受力不理想,易发生局部破坏。故对原有加固方法进行改进,并进行加固后螺栓球节点拉伸破坏试验。结果表明,改进后的钢板加固螺栓球节点力学性能得到很好的提升,可为螺栓节点加固提供保障。

端板攻丝高强度螺栓连接受力性能试验研究

对10.9S级M16、M20高强度螺栓和Q345B端板攻丝连接与传统高强度螺栓连接受力性能进行试验对比,研究了其在单向受拉、单向受剪以及拉-剪复合受力状态下的破坏形态、受力机理和极限承载能力。试验结果表明:单向受拉时,极限承载能力和变形与传统连接方式基本一致;单向受剪时,即使是厚径比为0.8的M20螺栓,仍可实现栓杆剪断,而端板攻丝孔内牙体无明显变形破坏且攻丝连接件形式早期滑移量明显较小;拉-剪复合受力时,随着拉剪比从0.58增大到1.73,破坏形态由剪切破坏转变为受拉破坏。因此,为确保端板攻丝牙体无明显破坏,应考虑螺栓与板厚的合理设计,建议M20螺栓在单向受拉和拉-剪复合受力时厚径比不小于0.9d,3种受力状态下高强度螺栓端板攻丝连接方式的承载力与传统连接方式基本一致。试验结果分析可为工程设计提供参考依据。

高强预应力锚杆力学性能实验与支护研究

高强预应力锚杆支护是传统锚杆支护技术的进一步优化发展。由于深部巷道具有围岩破碎、高应力等复杂地质特征,更多的高强预应力锚杆替代传统锚杆应用于其中。本文通过理论分析,预应力转化试验,左右旋锚杆拉拔试验以及锚固力试验,对比分析高强预应力锚杆的力学性能,揭示了新型左旋高强预应力锚杆加固围岩的支护机理。研究结果表明:(1)理论分析锚杆在围岩中的作用机理,阐明了预应力锚杆对围岩的加固作用;(2)滚丝锚杆扭矩转化成预紧力的效率约为等强全螺纹锚杆1.7~1.9倍;不同直径的左旋滚丝锚杆力学性能均优于右旋全螺纹锚杆,左旋螺纹钢锚杆锚固力大于右旋螺纹钢锚杆;(3)分析新型左旋高强预应力锚杆的结构,其具有预应力高、锚固力高、有效断面大等优势。本研究为深部巷道围岩支护技术的优化与创新提供了有益的参考和借鉴。

高强度螺栓施拧工具控制系统设计

为了使高强度螺栓施拧工具能够满足施工现场对扭矩控制精度以及对工具多样化的需求,设计了基于STM32的高强度螺栓施拧工具控制系统。控制系统采用一体化设计。硬件具有应变片接口和霍尔传感器接口。软件对应开发扭矩控制和转角控制双重可配置模式,以控制螺栓精准施拧。控制器配备数据上传功能,方便数据化管理、追溯工具和螺栓信息。此外,开发标定功能、故障检测功能、人机交互等功能,以进一步满足施工需求、降低施工难度。该控制系统体积紧凑、控制精度高、响应速度快、功能丰富。在标准扭矩仪测试过程中,施拧工具能够保证±4%以内的控制精度。该设计为市场同类铁路桥梁建设工具的设计提供了参考。

高强螺栓连接装配式混凝土剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

提出一种用于装配式剪力墙结构的螺栓连接的干式连接方法,即预制墙板上预埋钢件,上、下层墙体通过高强螺栓和预埋钢件进行连接。为研究高强螺栓连接装配式混凝土剪力墙的抗震性能,对1个现浇试件和2个高强螺栓连接试件进行拟静力试验,对试件的破坏特征、滞回性能、变形能力、承载能力、耗能能力及延性等进行分析。结果表明:高强螺栓连接装配式剪力墙有效实现了剪力墙构件的工作机制,滞回曲线饱满,耗能能力较强,抗震性能良好。现浇试件RCSW、钢筋焊接试件DCSW1、钢筋环绕型试件DCSW2的极限位移角分别达到了1/60、1/60和1/41;钢筋焊接试件DCSW1的裂缝开展形态、受力性能及破坏形态与现浇试件RCSW相似,耗能曲线基本一致,耗能能力接近;钢筋环绕型试件DCSW2的屈服荷载、峰值荷载和极限荷载均小于RCSW和DCSW1,墙体塑性变形偏小,耗能能力偏低。

板桁结合加劲梁弦杆焊接残余应力影响研究

为明确板桁结合加劲肋弦杆焊接残余应力分布特征,研究弦杆顶板焊接对腹板高强螺栓应力的影响。以温州瓯江北口大桥为背景,基于ABAQUS软件建立加劲梁下弦杆局部三维有限元模型,结合现场焊接顺序对焊接温度场和应力场进行数值模拟。

高强度螺栓轴力与扭矩关系线性回归分析及不确定度评定

高强度螺栓广泛应用于各类高压罐体中,为了量化装配过程中的检验标准,建立高强度螺栓扭矩与轴力的对应关系模型。基于高强度螺栓轴力-扭矩实验,采用一元线性回归分析方法,建立高强度螺栓拧紧扭矩与轴力的理论关系模型;并采用剩余标准差对线性回归模型的斜率和截距进行不确定度评定。结果表明,模型计算的回归结果与实验结果的误差在±7%以内,螺栓轴力的剩余标准偏差与平均值的相对百分比小于3%,线性回归方程可以准确预测高强度螺栓扭矩与轴力的之间关系,不确定度分析可准确获取各参数的置信区间。研究对提升高强度螺栓的装配质量和连接性能,有一定的理论意义和应用价值。

基于SMCS模型的高强螺栓及节点火灾全过程断裂性能模拟

高强螺栓广泛应用于钢结构节点连接,火灾高温会影响其基本材性和断裂行为,从而影响螺栓节点抗火性能甚至整体结构抗倒塌性能。基于10.9级高强螺栓火灾全过程(升温段、降温段、火灾后)单轴拉伸试验结果,结合有限元模拟,对不同温度历程和应力三轴度对应的螺栓SMCS断裂模型进行校准,并与螺栓材性试验和T-stub节点试验结果对比验证;对T-stub节点火灾全过程断裂行为进行参数分析,研究损伤准则和温度历程对节点失效模式和变形特征的影响。结果表明:校准的SMCS模型能够有效、准确地预测螺栓和节点在火灾全过程和高应力三轴度(0.3~1.2)下的受拉断裂行为,适用预测误差在12%以内;拉伸温度和峰值温度是影响高强螺栓抗断能力的主要因素,螺栓抗断能力随温度升高而提高;不同温度历程下T-stub节点可能发生翼缘板屈服断裂、翼缘板和螺栓同时屈服断裂、螺栓屈服断裂三种失效模式,且节点的变形能力(延性系数)与失效模式有关,确定钢板母材和螺栓的断裂模型是准确预测节点失效模式的关键。

钢-预制UHPC组合梁中高强螺栓剪力键群的抗剪性能试验研究

为研究高强螺栓作为钢-预制UHPC组合梁剪力键的抗剪性能,共设计15个推出试件,探究螺栓间距和螺栓数量对试件的破坏模式、荷载-滑移曲线、极限承载力、延性和初始抗剪刚度的影响。试验结果表明,推出试件的主要破坏模式为螺栓剪力键剪断,同时在螺栓剪切面下端有局部UHPC受压剥落,UHPC预制板只在剪力槽四周出现细微裂缝。减小螺栓间距会导致试件的抗剪性能降低;而增加螺栓数量可以有效地提高试件的抗剪性能,但也会导致单栓初始抗剪刚度下降。分析国内外现行钢-混凝土组合梁中剪力键的抗剪承载力计算公式,并以此提出一条更适用于钢-预制UHPC组合梁中高强螺栓剪力键群的抗剪承载力计算公式。对比提出公式的计算值与试验值,两者的平均比值、标准差和变异系数分别为1.02、0.02和0.02。

风力发电机组高强度螺栓的疲劳预测

风力发电机组法兰盘和叶根轮毂处通过高强度螺栓进行连接,大多数风力发电机塔筒发生倒塌就是连接螺栓疲劳所导致的。为了减少此类塔筒倒塌事故的发生,提出了一种新的螺栓疲劳损伤分析和预测方法。针对2.0 MW风力发电机组的高强度连接螺栓,采用超声探头和温度传感器采集螺栓数据,获得螺栓随机应力谱;然后基于雨流计数法和Goodman公式修正应力谱,提取应力循环数据;最后基于螺栓材料S-N曲线和Miner线性累计损伤理论,构建螺栓疲劳预测模型。实验结果表明,所估算的螺栓疲劳损伤远小于螺栓疲劳极限,满足风力发电机组的设计寿命要求。

全互通立交中下部结构钢盖梁预制拼装技术应用研究

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