Effect of Temperature on Frost-Free Days and Length of Crop Growing Season across Southern Ontario

Climate change has an impact on various climatic variables. In this study our focus is mainly on temperature characteristics of climate parameter. In temperate and humid regions like southern Ontario, the effect of climate change on Frost-free days in winter is distinctive. The average annual temperature is going upward but the extreme increase is in the winter temperature. Winter average temperature is going up by about 2˚C. However, extreme daily minimum temperature is going up by more than 3˚C. This climate effect has a great impact on the nature of precipitation and length of frost-free days. The snowfall over winter months is decreasing and the rainfall is increasing. However, the number of frost-free days during late fall months, early winter months, late winter months and early spring months are increasing. This result reveals an increase in length of the growing season. This research focuses on the effect of change in climatic variables on Frost-free days in Southern Ontario. Therefore, special attention should be given to the effect of change in climate Frost-free conditions on length of crop growing in winter season for potential investigation.

Analysis of the Change Trends of Temperature and Frost-free Period in Xingtai in Recent 53 Years

[Objective] The changes trend of temperature and frost-free period in Xingtai in recent 53 years were studied.[Method] According to the climate data of Xingtai City and Nangong County in 1958-2010,the changes trend of the temperature,the first and the last frost day,and the frost-free days in Xingtai were studied.The characteristics of the changes of temperature and frost-free days in Xingtai in recent 53 years were studied.[Result] No matter in city or countryside,the annual average temperature was increasing.The climate tendency rates in Xingtai and Nangong were about 0.5 and 0.2 ℃/10 a respectively.Especially,since 1996,the annual average temperature increasing trend was about 1.0 ℃/10 a.The average temperature of the four seasons was also climbing and was similar to the increasing span of the annual average temperature.The annual average temperature increasing span was the largest in winter.And the increase of the annual average temperature in winter was the largest and the increase of the annual average temperature was caused by the increase of the average temperature in winter.The urban annual average temperature was obviously higher than that of the countryside,which reflected the characteristics of tropical island effect.No matter in the city or the countryside,the early frost day,final frost day and frost-free day showed same tendency,namely,the delay of early frost day,advance of final-frost day,extension of frost-free day;the day of urban early frost was late than that of the countryside,and the final frost day was earlier than that of the countryside,the frost-free days were longer than that of countryside and indirectly influenced by urban heat effect.[Conclusion] The study provided theoretical basis for the development and application of thermal resources in Xingtai.

民国时期报纸与武术传播互动性研究

民国时期报纸在与各武术主体的交流互动中扮演着积极角色。研究其武术传播历史对理解武术传播现象,洞悉武术传播本质具有积极意义。笔者从社会互动视角,运用文献资料法,逻辑分析法对民国报纸武术传播状况进行分析。研究认为:民国报纸武术传播是民国时期报纸和民国政要、武术组织等主体交流互动的结果。这种互动不仅使报纸武术传播得以实现,而且对报纸武术传播内容的产出呈现也具有重要影响。以此为思路,笔者系统分析解读了民国时期报纸和政治群体、武术组织、专业人士、民国大众之间的互动过程,充分强调了其在传播武术价值、传递武术资讯、增进武术交流等方面的积极作用。

北半球和中国气候的模拟及1996年汛期预测的试验及检验

该文用ＯＳＵ／ＳＺ／ＺＷ全球大气环流模式耦合全球混合层海洋与海冰模式对北半球及中国气候进行了模拟，与实况场的对比检验说明模式对北半球及中国气候具有一定的模拟能力．同时，利用该模式作了１９９６年汛期预报，对其主要预报结果与实况场进行对比与检验后表明：该模式对大气环流场、Ｎｉｎｏ区海温、中国区域降水等有一定的预报能力．

重症手足口病155例临床特点分析

目的：探讨重症手足口病患儿的临床特点及治疗体会。方法：对155例重症手足口病患儿的相关临床流行病学资料进行回顾分析，患儿在抗感染及对症治疗基础上，均给予静脉注射丙种球蛋白、甲泼尼龙，根据病情给予降颅压、改善循环、营养心肌、呼吸支持等综合治疗。结果：155例重症患儿多发生在3岁以内（91．6％），其中1～2岁占60．6％；以男孩多见，男女比例1．5：1；农村患儿121例（72．2％）；均有易惊、皮疹，其中发热147例，嗜睡、精神差110例，肢体抖动32例，恶心呕吐14例，出冷汗3例。血常规WBC升高75例，肌酸激酶同工酶升高68例，血糖升高45例，C反应蛋白升高37例，血压升高33例，心率增快16例。150例患儿行脑脊液检查，其中异常148例。治愈153例，其中1例曾出现急性迟缓性麻痹；2例死亡。结论：针对临床手足1：1病患儿尤其是年龄〈3岁，伴有发热、嗜睡、打惊等精神症状者，高度重视，密切观察血压、血糖、心率等生命体征变化，早期识别重症手足口病，早期干预治疗是降低病死率、减少后遗症、改善患儿预后的关键。

苹果主要经济性状遗传动态的研究

对９个苹果杂交组合和１个国光天然实生苗群体的童期、果实大小及颜色、成熟期和抗病性等经济性状的遗传特性进行了分析研究。结果认为，苹果遗传组成比较复杂，以上性状均属微效多基因控制，呈连续分布的数量性状遗传。杂种性状明显表现母性遗传优势，杂种群体结果的早晚，果实大小及颜色均有倾向母本的现象。杂种童期长短与亲本营养期亲中值呈正相关（相关系数ｒ＝０．６９），即亲本结果越早，杂种实生苗的童期亦短，但一般童期均较亲本营养期长。杂种果实平均果重普遍低于亲中值，并向中小果型回归，呈偏态分布。不同组合均有不同程度的超亲类型出现。果色虽有色对无色为显性，有色亲本后代仍有色，但有色后代仍出现无色类型和不同有色连续性状类型，明显表现出经济性状衰退和趋中变异。在成熟期性状遗传中，中×中、中×晚组合的杂种群体多倾向晚熟。在试验中，还发现多父（混合花粉）组合，其杂种后代出现抗病类型多，说明多父本具有多抗互补作用。此研究结果为今后苹果育种的亲本选择和选配，提供了参考依据。

论缓刑保证金制度的设立

为了保证缓刑的有效执行,强化监管力度,提高对罪犯的改造质量,迫切需要对缓刑犯设立保证金制度。这既是适应社会主义市场经济体制的需要,也是适应人们思想观念变化的需要,同时也是积极参与和推行社会治安综合治理的一项重要措施。在执行中,既要合理确定保证金适用的数额幅度,又要严格规范保证金的执行程序及管理办法;严格办案制度和严格执行缓刑的法定条件,加强对保证金的财务管理,杜绝把保证金作为单位的“创收”来源,从而保证缓刑保证金的公正执行而不发生偏差。

黄淮海夏大豆品种比较研究

分析并比较了黄淮海6省育成的18个夏大豆新品种的农艺性状及品质性状。结果表明:阜豆9765产量居第1位,平均为2 833.35 kg/hm2,较CK(冀豆12)增产11.84%;鲁96150和荷豆12产量并列第2位,平均为2 733.47 kg/hm2,较CK增产7.89%;晋豆23产量居第3位,平均为2 600.01 kg/hm2,较CK增产2.63%。但上述品种较CK均晚熟,生育期>108 d,不适宜在沧州地区夏播种植。

清代中期贵州乡村社会蠡测——以嘉庆朝《刑科题本》为例

刑科题本对研究乡村社会经济与日常生活有重要的史料价值。考《清嘉庆朝刑科题本社会史料辑刊》收入的81件贵州档案可见,嘉庆时期的贵州乡村社会,生计方式灵活多样,农业、商业成为主要的谋生手段,服务业与兼业的情况极为多见,生活水平较有保障。生产生活中的借贷与雇佣极为常见,土地买卖与租佃亦大量存在。这些材料足以说明,贵州乡村社会经济既未因清初以降的政治变动和社会变乱而萧条,亦未随清王朝全面衰落而枯萎,反而呈现出较为活跃的面相。

新时期我国体育法制建设的发展趋势分析

结合我国当前社会、经济和国际形势,分析了当前和未来一段时间我国体育法制将重点加强以下三方面的建设:强化保障公民体育权利的法律法规体系,与我国社会主义民主权利协调发展;完善保障体育市场规范运行和体育产业健康有序发展的法律法规,与我国社会主义市场经济协调发展;加强体育法规国际化,与国际体育发展接轨。

贵州霜冻气候变化特征

为合理利用气候资源指导农业生产,利用贵州省1961-2018年84个气象站点地面0 cm日最低气温资料,采用线性趋势、M-K突变检验和空间分析等方法,分析了贵州地区初霜冻日、终霜冻日和无霜冻期的变化特征。结果表明:近58 a贵州地区平均初霜冻日、终霜冻日分别为12月2日和2月23日,平均无霜冻期为291 d,分别以2.34 d·(10a)^-1、2.95 d·(10a)^-1和5.76 d·(10a)^-1的速率呈明显推迟、提前和延长的变化趋势;空间上初霜冻日呈现西部早、东部晚,北部早、南部晚的变化特征,69%的站点呈显著推迟的变化趋势;终霜冻日呈现南部早、西北部和东北部晚的变化特征;无霜冻期整体呈延长趋势,82%的站点通过显著性水平检验;海拔高度是影响贵州地区初霜冻日、终霜冻日和无霜冻期的关键因子,无霜冻期随纬度和海拔高度升高呈缩短趋势。初霜冻日推迟、终霜冻日提前和无霜冻期的延长,为贵州农业生产提供了充足的热量资源,利于粮食生产。

五大连池新期火山的植被类型及群落特征的研究

五大连池新期火山的植被类型及群落特征的研究潘林刘士山吕洪彦（黑龙江省克山师范专科学校生物系克山１６１６０１）１引言五大连池为国家级自然保护区之一［１］，该地区共有十四座火山，其中老黑山和火烧山为新期火山，有东北地区独一无二的火山“自然博物馆”之称，其...

Variation Characteristics of the Large-scale Frost in East Region of the Yellow River of Gansu in Recent 40 Years

[Objective]The research aimed to study variation characteristics of large-scale frost in the east region of the Yellow River of Gansu in recent 40 years.[Method]Based on daily minimum temperature data at 15 meteorological stations over the east region of the Yellow River of Gansu from 1969 to 2008,according to common climatic statistical index of the frost,variation characteristics of the large-scale frost and continuous frost in the east region of the Yellow River of Gansu in recent 40 years were studied.[Result]Since the 1990s,average last frost date in the east region of the Yellow River of Gansu obviously advanced,and first frost date started to obviously postpone.Advancing time of the last frost date was longer than postponing time of the first frost date.Average frost-free period also obviously prolonged.Extremely early first frost date and extremely late last frost date mainly happened in the 1970s and the 1980s.Extremely late first frost date and extremely early last frost date mainly happened after the middle period of the 1990s.Extremely long frost-free period gradually started to appear frequently.In recent 40 years,the continuous frost gradually decreased,and the intensity also declined.[Conclusion]The research was favorable for understanding change characteristics of the frost and climate in the east region of the Yellow River of Gansu,and had important guidance significance for improving prediction capability of the abnormal frost disaster,effectively preventing frost disaster and improving crop yield in the area.

Analysis on the Climate Variation Characteristics of Frost in Shandong Province

[Objective] The research aimed to study the climate variation characteristics of frost in Shandong Province. [Method] The daily minimum surface temperature ≤ 0 ℃ in autumn or spring was as the frost index. Based on the daily minimum surface temperature data in 67 meteorological observatories of Shandong Province during 1961-2008, the variation characteristics of first, last frost dates and frost-free period in Shandong Province were analyzed by using the climate diagnosis analysis method. [Result] The climate characteristics of first, last frost dates and frost-free period had the obvious geographical differences in Shandong Province in recent 48 years. The extreme differences of first, last frost dates and frost-free period were all above the three times of their standard deviations. It illustrated that the dispersion degrees of first, last dates and frost-free period were all very big. The average first frost date postponed with 1.99 d/10 a velocity in Shandong Province in recent 48 years, and the last frost date advanced with 1.46 d/10 a velocity. The postponing range of first frost date was bigger than the advancing range of last frost date, and the frost-free period prolonged with 3.42 d/10 a velocity. Seen from the interdecadal variations, the first frost date started to obviously postpone, and the last frost date obviously advanced since the 1990s. The frost-free period also started to obviously prolong since the 1990s. [Conclusion] The research provided the certain reference for the predication, prevention of frost disaster and the structure adjustment of crops.

The spatio-temporal variations of frost-free period in China from 1951 to 2012

The frost-free period（FFP）first frost date（FFD） and last frost date（LFD） have been regard as the important climate variables for agricultural production. Understanding the spatio-temporal variations of the FFPFFD and LFD is beneficial to reduce the harmful impacts of climate change on agricultural production and enhance the agricultural adaptation. This study examined daily minimum temperatures for 823 national-level meteorological stationscalculated the values of FFDLFD and FFP for station-specific and region-specific from 1951 to 2012estimated the gradients of linear regression for station-specific moving averages of FFDLFD and FFPand assessed station-specific time series of FFP and detected the abrupt change. The results as follows： at both the station level and the regional levelthe FFP across China decreases with the increase of latitude from south to northand with the increase of altitude from east to west generally. At the station levelthe inter-annual fluctuations of FFDLFD and FFP in south and west agricultural regions are greater than those in north and east. At the regional levelexcluding the QT regiontemporal changes of FFP are relatively small in both the low-latitude and the high-latitude regionsbut for the mid-latitude regions. According to the linear trend gradients of the moving average values of station-specific FFDLFD and FFPFFD was delayedLFD advancedand FFP extended gradually over the 80% of China. Furthermorethe change magnitudes for FFDLFD and FFP in the north and east agricultural regions are higher than that in the southern and western. Among the 659 station-specific time series of FFP examined by the Mann-Kendall test341 stationslocated mainly in the north regionhave one identifiable and significant abrupt change. And at the 341 stations with identified abrupt changesmost（57%） abrupt changes occurred during 1991–2012followed by the periods of 1981–1990（28%）1971–1980（12%）and 1951–1970（3%）. The spatio-temporal variations of FFDLFD and FFP would provide important guidance to agricultural practices.

济源南山森林公园春旱期侧柏林空气负离子浓度及其与气象因子的关系

利用河南黄河小浪底地球关键带国家野外科学观测研究站的空气负离子和气象数据,分析春旱期典型天气条件下,河南省济源市南山森林公园人工侧柏林中的空气负离子浓度与气象因子的关系.结果表明:①晴天和阴天空气负离子浓度日变化呈“U”形曲线,雨天呈单峰曲线;日均空气负离子浓度雨天>晴天>阴天.②温度、相对湿度、风速和饱和水汽压亏缺均对空气负离子浓度有显著影响:晴天时,温度、风速和饱和水汽压亏缺与空气中负离子浓度呈极显著负相关,相对湿度与空气负离子浓度呈显著正相关;阴天时,温度、风速和饱和水汽压亏缺与空气负离子浓度呈极显著负相关;雨天时,温度、风速和饱和水汽压亏缺与空气负离子浓度呈显著正相关,相对湿度与空气负离子浓度呈显著负相关.

高新技术企业研究与开发费用会计处理探讨

和传统产业相比，高新技术企业的研究与开发费用数额巨大，因而这种费用的正确会计处理对高新技术企业的发展特别重要。目前，我国高新技术企业研究与开发费用的核算是采取费用化的做法。这种方法虽符合谨慎性原则，但也存在着使企业无形资产的帐面价值残缺不全，无法正确计算各个会计期间的经营成果，从而助长企业短期行为等弊端，已不适应高新技术企业研究开发活动的客观要求。改革现行的研究与开发费用会计处理方法，采用“实际结果决定法”

层状坚硬顶板条件下矿压规律的数值分析

本文对北京矿务局大安山矿７０２机采面的矿区规律进行了数值模拟研究．得出了该工作面直接顶、老顶的冒落及破坏规律．经与物理模拟结果对比．结论基本一致．为类似采场的矿医研究提供了一种研究手段．

新中国成立初期富农问题研究综述

近年,中国现代经济史研究继续贴近当代中国经济开展研究工作。在农村土地经营方式改革的背景下,从历史角度研究建国初期土改中中共对待富农经济政策正在逐步深入。在前些年注重宏观和理论研究的基础上,对于富农经济规模与经营方式的微观研究正在突出。在研究方法上,研究者注意拓宽视角,从以经济学和历史学方法为主转变为社会、文化意识形态、跨时期等多角度研究。这些正成为对建国初期富农经济研究的趋势。

Changes in global land surface frozen ground and freeze-thaw processes during 1950-2020 based on ERA5-Land data

Frozen ground(FG)plays an important role in global and regional climates and environments through changes in land freeze-thaw processes,which have been conducted mainly in different regions.However,the changes in land surface freeze-thaw processes under climate change on a global scale are still unclear.Based on ERA5-Land hourly land skin temperature data,this study evaluated changes in the global FG area,global land surface first freeze date(FFD),last freeze date(LFD)and frost-free period(FFP)from 1950 to 2020.The results show that the current FG areas(1991-2020 mean)in the Northern Hemisphere(NH),Southern Hemisphere(SH),and globe are 68.50×10^(6),9.03×10^(6),and 77.53×10^(6)km^(2),which account for 72.4%,26.8%,and 60.4%of the exposed land(excluding glaciers,ice sheets,and water bodies)in the NH,SH and the globe,respectively;further,relative to 1951-1980,the FG area decreased by 1.9%,8.8%,and 2.8%,respectively.Seasonally FG at lower latitudes degrades to intermittently FG,and intermittently FG degrades to non-frozen ground,which caused the global FG boundary to retreat to higher latitudes from 1950 to 2020.The annual FG areas in the NH,SH,and globe all show significant decreasing trends(p<0.05)from 1950 to 2020 at-0.32×10^(6),-0.22×10^(6),and-0.54×10^(6)km^(2)per decade,respectively.The FFP prolongation in the NH is mainly influenced by LFD advance,while in the SH it is mainly controlled by FFD delay.The prolongation trend of FFP in the NH(1.34 d per decade)is larger than that in the SH(1.15 d per decade).