The Arabidopsis Toxicos en Levadura(ATL)protein is a subfamily of the E3 ubiquitin ligases,which exists widely in plants and is extensively involved in plant growth and development.Although the ATL family has been ide...The Arabidopsis Toxicos en Levadura(ATL)protein is a subfamily of the E3 ubiquitin ligases,which exists widely in plants and is extensively involved in plant growth and development.Although the ATL family has been identified in other species,such as Arabidopsis,Oryza sativa,and grapevine,few reports on pear ATL gene families have been reported.In this study,92 PbrATL genes were identified and analyzed from the Pyrus breschneideri genome.Motif analysis and phylogenetic tree generation divided them into nine subgroups,and chromosome localization analysis showed that the 92 PbrATL genes were distributed in 16 of 17 pear chromosomes.Transcriptome data and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)experiments demonstrated that PbrATL18,PbrATL41,and PbrATL88 were involved in both pear drought resistance and Colletotrichum fructicola infection.In addition,Arabidopsis thaliana overexpressing PbrATL18 showed greater resistance to drought stress than the wild type(WT),and PbrATL18-silenced pear seedlings showed greater sensitivity to drought and C.fructicola infection than the controls.PbrATL18 regulated plant resistance by regulating chitinase(CHI),phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL),polyphenol oxidase(PPO),catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD),and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activities.This study provided a reference for further exploring the functions of the PbrATL gene in drought resistance and C.fructicola infection.展开更多
褐腐病是采后桃果实最主要的侵染性病害之一,而我国桃褐腐病主要是由链核盘菌属引起,会严重降低果实品质,造成大量损失。为解析桃果实病原菌胁迫响应机制,该文采用分光光度法测定抗病相关酶活性并基于转录组学解析桃果实响应果生链核盘...褐腐病是采后桃果实最主要的侵染性病害之一,而我国桃褐腐病主要是由链核盘菌属引起,会严重降低果实品质,造成大量损失。为解析桃果实病原菌胁迫响应机制,该文采用分光光度法测定抗病相关酶活性并基于转录组学解析桃果实响应果生链核盘菌的分子机制。结果发现,桃果实的过氧化物酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶在侵染的不同时期启动了响应反应,参与了桃果实抵御果生链核盘菌侵染过程。基因本体(gene ontology,GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)富集分析表明,桃果实对果生链核盘菌的侵染会产生复杂的防御反应。展开更多
The present study was performed mainly to investigate the antagonist-pathogen-host interaction in wounds of the sweet cherry fruits. The antagonistic yeast Cryptococcus laurentii could significantly reduce the brown r...The present study was performed mainly to investigate the antagonist-pathogen-host interaction in wounds of the sweet cherry fruits. The antagonistic yeast Cryptococcus laurentii could significantly reduce the brown rot of the sweet cherry fruit caused by Monilinia fructicola at 25 and 1 ℃. The populations of yeast increased faster in the presence of the pathogen initially, but then decreased rapidly. In the fruits inoculated with M. fructicola alone or combined with C. laurentii, an induction of lipid peroxidation as well as activities of the antioxidant enzymes, such as, superoxide dismutases （SOD）, catalase （CAT）, and peroxidase （POD）, was observed. The isoenzyme pattern of polypheno/oxidase （PPO） changed greatly after the symptoms appeared, with new PPO isoforms being induced. By contrast, the induction of lipid peroxidation and activities of SOD, CAT, and POD were low, although no significant changes were found in the PPO isoenzyms in the fruits inoculated with antagonist C. laurentii alone. The inhibition of brown rot during the antagonist- pathogen-host interaction in wounds of the sweet cherry fruits was mainly on account of the stimulated growth of C. laurentii as well as the induction of antioxidant enzymes of the fruits by M. fructicola.展开更多
Based on the recently published whole-genome sequence of cultivated strawberry ’Camarosa’, in this study, 222FaWRKY genes were identified in the ’Camarosa’ genome. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the 222 FaWRKY ...Based on the recently published whole-genome sequence of cultivated strawberry ’Camarosa’, in this study, 222FaWRKY genes were identified in the ’Camarosa’ genome. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the 222 FaWRKY candidate genes were classified into three groups, of which 41 were in group Ⅰ, 142 were in group Ⅱ, and 39 were in group Ⅲ. The 222 FaWRKY genes were evenly distributed among the seven chromosomes. The exon–intron structures and motifs of the WRKY genes had evolutionary diversity in different cultivated strawberry genomes. Regarding differential expression, the expression of FaWRKY133 was relatively high in leaves, while FaWRKY63 was specifically expressed in roots. FaWRKY207, 59, 46, 182, 156, 58, 39, 62 and 115 were up-regulated during achene development from the green to red fruit transition. FaWRK181, 166 and 211 were highly expressed in receptacles at the ripe fruit stage. One interesting finding was that Fa WRKY179 and 205 were significantly repressed after Colletotrichum fructicola inoculation in both ’Benihoppe’ and ’Sweet Charlie’ compared with Mock. The data reported here provide a foundation for further comparative genomics and analyses of the distinct expression patterns of FaWRKY genes in various tissues and in response to C. fructicola inoculation.展开更多
Monilinia fructicola has been widely reported as the causal agent of brown rot disease on many Rosaceae family fruits worldwide.It has been reported on stone fruits,e.g.,peach,plum,cherry,apricot and mume;as well as p...Monilinia fructicola has been widely reported as the causal agent of brown rot disease on many Rosaceae family fruits worldwide.It has been reported on stone fruits,e.g.,peach,plum,cherry,apricot and mume;as well as pome fruits,e.g.,apple,pear and hawthorn.Loquat is a member of the Eriobotrya genus in subfamily Maloideae along with apple,pear and hawthorn.So far,loquat has not been reported as the host of any Monilia species.In June 2019,brown rot symptoms were observed on loquat fruits in an orchard in Wuhan,Hubei Province,China.Thirty single spore isolates were obtained and identified as M.fructicola based on morphological characteristics and molecular analysis.This is the first report of loquat brown rot disease caused by Monilia species in the world.Furthermore,upon artificial inoculation,all three Monilia species from peach in China,i.e.,M.fructicola,M.mumecola and M.yunnanensis,could cause typical brown rot disease on loquat fruits.At the same time,M.fructicola isolates from loquat showed virulence similar to those isolates from peach when the pathogenicity test was conducted on peach fruits.These results suggested that loquat could be infected by other Monilia species and that isolates from loquat also have potential to damage other Rosaceae family fruits in practice.展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to compare the indoor toxicities of sixteen fungicides on mycelial growth and spore germination of Monilinia fructicola,to screen out effective fungicides and to discuss use characteristics of...[Objective]The paper was to compare the indoor toxicities of sixteen fungicides on mycelial growth and spore germination of Monilinia fructicola,to screen out effective fungicides and to discuss use characteristics of various types of fungicides.[Method]The inhibitory activities of 16 fungicides on mycelial growth and spore germination were determined by mycelial growth rate method and spore germination method.[Result]The EC50 values of 16 fungicides against mycelial growth ranged from 0.0184 to 61.5305 mg/L.Prochloraz,tetramycin,fenbuconazole and fludioxonil had strong inhibitory activities on mycelial growth,and their EC50 values were 0.0184,0.0456,0.0531 and 0.0814 mg/L,respectively,significantly lower than those of other 12 fungicides.The EC50 values of 16 fungicides against spore germination ranged from 0.0084 to 189.3938 mg/L.Tetramycin and chlorothalonil had strong inhibitory activities on mycelial growth,and their EC50 values were 0.0084 and 0.0378 mg/L,respectively,significantly lower than those of other 14 fungicides.[Conclusion]The 16 fungicides had great value in preventing and controlling peach brown rot.Benzimidazoles,diformimides and ergosterol inhibitors had good inhibitory activities on mycelial growth.Strobilurins,succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors and multiple-site protective fungicides had good inhibitory activities on spore germination.The agricultural antibiotics tetramycin,phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and pyrrole fungicide fludioxonil had good inhibitory activities on mycelial growth and spore germination.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFD1200503)Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund[Grant No.CX(22)3046]+2 种基金the National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32072538)the Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutionsthe Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(Grant No.CARS-28).
文摘The Arabidopsis Toxicos en Levadura(ATL)protein is a subfamily of the E3 ubiquitin ligases,which exists widely in plants and is extensively involved in plant growth and development.Although the ATL family has been identified in other species,such as Arabidopsis,Oryza sativa,and grapevine,few reports on pear ATL gene families have been reported.In this study,92 PbrATL genes were identified and analyzed from the Pyrus breschneideri genome.Motif analysis and phylogenetic tree generation divided them into nine subgroups,and chromosome localization analysis showed that the 92 PbrATL genes were distributed in 16 of 17 pear chromosomes.Transcriptome data and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)experiments demonstrated that PbrATL18,PbrATL41,and PbrATL88 were involved in both pear drought resistance and Colletotrichum fructicola infection.In addition,Arabidopsis thaliana overexpressing PbrATL18 showed greater resistance to drought stress than the wild type(WT),and PbrATL18-silenced pear seedlings showed greater sensitivity to drought and C.fructicola infection than the controls.PbrATL18 regulated plant resistance by regulating chitinase(CHI),phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL),polyphenol oxidase(PPO),catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD),and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activities.This study provided a reference for further exploring the functions of the PbrATL gene in drought resistance and C.fructicola infection.
文摘褐腐病是采后桃果实最主要的侵染性病害之一,而我国桃褐腐病主要是由链核盘菌属引起,会严重降低果实品质,造成大量损失。为解析桃果实病原菌胁迫响应机制,该文采用分光光度法测定抗病相关酶活性并基于转录组学解析桃果实响应果生链核盘菌的分子机制。结果发现,桃果实的过氧化物酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶在侵染的不同时期启动了响应反应,参与了桃果实抵御果生链核盘菌侵染过程。基因本体(gene ontology,GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)富集分析表明,桃果实对果生链核盘菌的侵染会产生复杂的防御反应。
基金the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China （KSCX2-YW-G-010）； the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30671473）.
文摘The present study was performed mainly to investigate the antagonist-pathogen-host interaction in wounds of the sweet cherry fruits. The antagonistic yeast Cryptococcus laurentii could significantly reduce the brown rot of the sweet cherry fruit caused by Monilinia fructicola at 25 and 1 ℃. The populations of yeast increased faster in the presence of the pathogen initially, but then decreased rapidly. In the fruits inoculated with M. fructicola alone or combined with C. laurentii, an induction of lipid peroxidation as well as activities of the antioxidant enzymes, such as, superoxide dismutases （SOD）, catalase （CAT）, and peroxidase （POD）, was observed. The isoenzyme pattern of polypheno/oxidase （PPO） changed greatly after the symptoms appeared, with new PPO isoforms being induced. By contrast, the induction of lipid peroxidation and activities of SOD, CAT, and POD were low, although no significant changes were found in the PPO isoenzyms in the fruits inoculated with antagonist C. laurentii alone. The inhibition of brown rot during the antagonist- pathogen-host interaction in wounds of the sweet cherry fruits was mainly on account of the stimulated growth of C. laurentii as well as the induction of antioxidant enzymes of the fruits by M. fructicola.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31601731)
文摘Based on the recently published whole-genome sequence of cultivated strawberry ’Camarosa’, in this study, 222FaWRKY genes were identified in the ’Camarosa’ genome. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the 222 FaWRKY candidate genes were classified into three groups, of which 41 were in group Ⅰ, 142 were in group Ⅱ, and 39 were in group Ⅲ. The 222 FaWRKY genes were evenly distributed among the seven chromosomes. The exon–intron structures and motifs of the WRKY genes had evolutionary diversity in different cultivated strawberry genomes. Regarding differential expression, the expression of FaWRKY133 was relatively high in leaves, while FaWRKY63 was specifically expressed in roots. FaWRKY207, 59, 46, 182, 156, 58, 39, 62 and 115 were up-regulated during achene development from the green to red fruit transition. FaWRK181, 166 and 211 were highly expressed in receptacles at the ripe fruit stage. One interesting finding was that Fa WRKY179 and 205 were significantly repressed after Colletotrichum fructicola inoculation in both ’Benihoppe’ and ’Sweet Charlie’ compared with Mock. The data reported here provide a foundation for further comparative genomics and analyses of the distinct expression patterns of FaWRKY genes in various tissues and in response to C. fructicola inoculation.
基金financially supported by the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-30)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31401686 and 31872934)。
文摘Monilinia fructicola has been widely reported as the causal agent of brown rot disease on many Rosaceae family fruits worldwide.It has been reported on stone fruits,e.g.,peach,plum,cherry,apricot and mume;as well as pome fruits,e.g.,apple,pear and hawthorn.Loquat is a member of the Eriobotrya genus in subfamily Maloideae along with apple,pear and hawthorn.So far,loquat has not been reported as the host of any Monilia species.In June 2019,brown rot symptoms were observed on loquat fruits in an orchard in Wuhan,Hubei Province,China.Thirty single spore isolates were obtained and identified as M.fructicola based on morphological characteristics and molecular analysis.This is the first report of loquat brown rot disease caused by Monilia species in the world.Furthermore,upon artificial inoculation,all three Monilia species from peach in China,i.e.,M.fructicola,M.mumecola and M.yunnanensis,could cause typical brown rot disease on loquat fruits.At the same time,M.fructicola isolates from loquat showed virulence similar to those isolates from peach when the pathogenicity test was conducted on peach fruits.These results suggested that loquat could be infected by other Monilia species and that isolates from loquat also have potential to damage other Rosaceae family fruits in practice.
基金Major Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Province(2018CXGC0213).
文摘[Objective]The paper was to compare the indoor toxicities of sixteen fungicides on mycelial growth and spore germination of Monilinia fructicola,to screen out effective fungicides and to discuss use characteristics of various types of fungicides.[Method]The inhibitory activities of 16 fungicides on mycelial growth and spore germination were determined by mycelial growth rate method and spore germination method.[Result]The EC50 values of 16 fungicides against mycelial growth ranged from 0.0184 to 61.5305 mg/L.Prochloraz,tetramycin,fenbuconazole and fludioxonil had strong inhibitory activities on mycelial growth,and their EC50 values were 0.0184,0.0456,0.0531 and 0.0814 mg/L,respectively,significantly lower than those of other 12 fungicides.The EC50 values of 16 fungicides against spore germination ranged from 0.0084 to 189.3938 mg/L.Tetramycin and chlorothalonil had strong inhibitory activities on mycelial growth,and their EC50 values were 0.0084 and 0.0378 mg/L,respectively,significantly lower than those of other 14 fungicides.[Conclusion]The 16 fungicides had great value in preventing and controlling peach brown rot.Benzimidazoles,diformimides and ergosterol inhibitors had good inhibitory activities on mycelial growth.Strobilurins,succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors and multiple-site protective fungicides had good inhibitory activities on spore germination.The agricultural antibiotics tetramycin,phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and pyrrole fungicide fludioxonil had good inhibitory activities on mycelial growth and spore germination.
