Effects of Microwave Blanching Treatment on POD Activity and Crispness in Capsicum frutescens L.

[Objective] To study the effects of microwave blanching treatment on POD activity and crispness in Capsicum frutescens L., and to compare the effects of microwave blanching method, normal blanching method, boiling water blanching and steam blanching. [Methods] In order to obtain the optimal condition for microwave blanching, response surface methodology was used to construct a quadratic regression model describing the effects of microwave power, microwave time and calcium lactate concentration on the POD activity in C. frutescens. [Results] The optimal technology was obtained based on central composite design： 525 W microwave power, 64.5 s microwave time, and 0.08% calcium lactate concentration. Under this condition, POD enzyme activity of C. frutescens was desactivated and crispness of C. frutescens was 68.77 N. [Conclusions] This research would provide references for the crispness protection and enzyme deactivation of C. frutescens.

Effects of Chlorine Dioxide Gas on Postharvest Physiology and Storage Quality of Green Bell Pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.var.Longrum)

The effects of treatment of chlorine dioxide （C1Oz） gas on postharvest physiology and preservation quality of green bell peppers were studied. Green bell peppers were collected in bags and treated with 0, 5, 10, 20, and 50 mg L^-1 ClO2 gas at 10±0.5℃ for over 40 d, and the changes in postharvest physiology and preservation quality of the peppers were evaluated during the storage. The inhibition of rot of the peppers was observed for all the tested ClO2 gas treatments. The rot rates of the treated samples were 50% lesser than those of the control after day 40 of storage. The highest inhibitory effect was obtained after 50 mg L^-1 ClO2 gas treatment, where the peppers did not decay until day 30 and showed only one-fourth of the rot rate of the control at day 40 of storage. The respiratory activity of the peppers was significantly （P〈0.05） inhibited by 20 and 50 mg L^-1 ClO2 treatments, whereas no significant effects on respiratory activity were observed with 5 and 10 mg L^-1 ClO2 treatments （P〉0.05）. Except for 50 mg L^-1 ClO2, malondialdenyde （MDA） contents in the peppers treated with 5, 10, or 20 mg L^-1 ClO2 were not significantly （P〉0.05） different from those in the control. Degradation of chlorophyll in the peppers was delayed by 5 mg L-1ClO2, but promoted by 10, 20, or 50 mg L^-1 ClO2. The vitamin C content, titratable acidity, and total soluble solids of the peppers treated by all the tested ClO2 gas did not significantly change during the storage. The results suggested that ClO2 gas treatment effectively delayed the postharvest physiological transformation of green peppers, inhibited decay and respiration, maintained some nutritional and sensory quality, and retarded MDA accumulation.

Effects of Plant Density on the Economic Yield and Agronomic Characters of Perilla frutescens L.

Perilla frutescens L. is a traditional medicinal plant in china. In recent years, with more and more attention is paid to the nutritional and health values of Perilla frutescens L, it has become a potential medicinal and edible crop. Two Per- ilia frutescens cultivars, Qisu No.1 （oil type） and Qisu No.3 （leaf and seed-using type）, bred by Rapeseed Research Institute of Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, were used as test material for studying the effects of different planting density on the economic yield and agronomic characters of Perilla frutescens L. under moderate fertility level. The results showed the variation tendency of agro- nomic characters with the change of planting density was similar for the two Perilla frutescens cultivars. Among them, the plant height, main-stem nods, first effective branch length, first effective branch height, spikes per plant, and yield per plant were negatively related to the planting density; and main spike length and main- spike grains were positively related to the planting density. The effects of planting density on kilo-grain weight were not significant. The yield of the two cuitivars all increased first and then decreased with the increase of planting density. The re- gression analysis of planting density versus yield of Perilla frutescens L. was per- formed for obtaining the regression equations （Qisu No.l： y=54.046 5＋96.777 lx- 45.719 8x2, r=0.999 4; Qisu No.3：y=38.717 6＋42.111 3x-16.757 7x2, r=0.999 8）. Based on the regression equations, the optimal planting density for Qisu No.1 was 158 745 plants/hm2 with peak yield of 1 578.90 kg/hm2, and for Qisu No.3 was 188 745 plants/hm2 with peak yield of 977.55 kg/hm2. Under the optimal planting density, Qisu No.3 could also harvest 3 000 kg/hm2 of Perilla frutescens dry leaves and 2 400 kg/hm2 of Perilla frutescens stems. This research would provide an important reference for the promotion, high-yield cultivation and comprehensive utilization of Perilla frutescens L.

Soil Manganese and Iron Released due to Calcium Salts:Bioavailability to Pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.)

Releases of manganese and iron ions from an albic soil (Albic-Udic Luvisol), a yellow-red soil (Hap-Udic Ferrisol) and a yellow-brown soil (Arp-Udic Luvisol) induced by calcium salt addition and their bioavailability to pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) were studied in a pot experiment. Addition of Ca(NO3)2 decreased soil pH and increased both exchangeable and DTPA (diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid)-extractable Mn and Fe in soils. Meanwhile, total Mn accumulation in the shoots of Capsicum frutescens L. on the salt-treated soils increased significantly (P ＜ 0.01) compared with the control, suggesting that salt addition to soil induced Mn toxicity in Capsicum frutescens L. Although exchangeable and DTPA-extractable Fe increased also in the salt-treated soils, Fe uptake by the shoots of Capsicum frutescens L. decreased. The effect of added salts in soils on dry matter weight of pepper varied with the soil characteristics, showing different buffer capacities of the soils for salt toxicity in an order of yellow-brown soil ＞ albic soil ＞ yellow-red soil. Fe/Mn ratio in shoots of Capsicum frutescens L. decreased with increasing salt addition for all the soils, which was ascribed to the antagonistic effect of Mn on Fe accumulation. The ratio of Fe/Mn in the tissue was a better indicator of the appearance of Mn toxicity symptoms than Mn concentration alone.

Anti-inflammatory Effect and Mechanism of Characteristic Medicine Baeckea frutescens L. in Guangxi

[Objectives] This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Baeckea frutescence L.in vitro and in vivo.[Methods]The anti-inflammatory activity of B.frutescence was measured by mouse peritoneal capillary permeability test,mouse auricle swelling test and rat cotton granuloma test.The RAW264.7 macrophage model was stimulated by lipopolysaccharide(LPS),and the effects of B.frutescence on tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-6(IL-6) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and the relative expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase(i NOS) and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) proteins was detected by Western blot.Thus,the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of B.frutescence was studied.[Results] B.frutescence significantly inhibited mouse peritoneal capillary permeability,inhibited xylene-induced mouse auricle swelling and rat cotton granuloma,significantly inhibited TNF-α and IL-6 levels,and down-regulated the expression of i NOS and COX-2 proteins in cells.[Conclusions]B.frutescence showed good anti-inflammatory activity both in vitro and in vivo,and the mechanism may be related to the release inhibition of inflammatory factors TNF-α and the regulation of COX-2.

基于网络药理学和UPLC指纹图谱的紫苏质量标志物(Q-Marker)预测

基于UPLC指纹图谱和网络药理学法分析并筛选紫苏潜在质量标志物(Q-Marker)。首先建立15批紫苏叶及14批紫苏梗的指纹图谱,并对不同来源、批次的紫苏叶和紫苏梗中的成分及含量进行比较,标定紫苏不同部位指纹图谱的共有峰和非共有峰;采用网络药理学法构建紫苏“成分-靶点”网络图,并构建靶点蛋白互作网络图,预测紫苏Q-Marker。本研究建立的紫苏不同部位的指纹图谱,共检测到了5种成分,其中迷迭香酸、咖啡酸、木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷、木犀草素-7-O-二葡萄糖醛酸苷为叶和梗的共有成分,芹菜素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷为紫苏叶特有成分。筛选得到包括MAPK1、PIK3CA等在内的14个核心靶点,对以上靶点进行GO和KEGG功能分析可知涉及肿瘤坏死因子、新冠肺炎、脂质和动脉粥样硬化等通路,最后构建“成分-靶点-通路”网络图,选取排名前4的靶蛋白与4个成分进行分子对接验证,结果显示成分与蛋白之间具有十分良好的结合性能。本实验基于UPLC法建立紫苏不同部位多成分含量测定方法,此方法操作简单、准确度高,可作为紫苏质量检测的参考方法;同时结合网络药理学和分子对接技术预测迷迭香酸、咖啡酸、木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷、木犀草素-7-O-二葡萄糖醛酸苷为紫苏潜在质量标志物,以此来评价紫苏“多成分-多靶点-多通路”的协同作用,为紫苏的质量控制提供了理论依据,同时也为后续的紫苏药效物质基础和作用机制提供坚实的基础。

RP-HPLC用于紫苏油及其习用品白苏油、野苏油的鉴别

本文采用RP－HPLC方法对紫苏油及其习用品白苏油、野苏油甘油酯进行了定性定量分析。利用HPLC分析油脂也为中药材真伪鉴别提供了一条有效途径。

NaCl胁迫对辣椒种子发芽特性的影响

以绿洲椒霸、日本天鹰椒、新优一号和高产懒椒王4个辣椒品种为材料,研究了NaCl胁迫对辣椒种子发芽特性的影响。结果表明:在低浓度NaCl(30mmol/L)胁迫下,绿洲椒霸、日本天鹰椒、新优一号和高产懒椒王4个辣椒品种的活力指数与对照相比均显著提高,侧根数分别比对照下降了4.7%、29.9%、51.3%、45.0%,绿洲椒霸和高产懒椒王的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和根长显著提高;高浓度NaCl胁迫(≥60mmol/L)对以上4个辣椒品种的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、根长和侧根数均有不同程度的抑制作用,并且随着NaCl浓度的增加,各指标抑制作用逐渐增强,其中日本天鹰椒和新优一号的降幅较小,而绿洲椒霸与高产懒椒王则有较大的降幅。

Large scale identification of SSR marker in perilla by next generation sequencing

Perilla frutescens (L.) is an edible, medicinal crop, and most popular in East Asia. Its molecular breeding and research are hampered by the paucity of molecular markers. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are ubiquitous and widely used in eukaryotic genomes. EST-SSRs identification of perilla was performed in 116,387 reads generated by Illumina paired-end sequencing technology. In total 25,449 unigenes containing SSR and 33,867 SSR loci were identified, and 19,400 primer pairs were designed. Polymorphism of SSR primers was conducted by searching for insertions and deletions (INDELs), and 1,567 unique SSRs were predicted. Totally, 200 SSR primer pairs were selected for polymorphic validation among 23 perilla accessions. Results showed that 175 primer pairs produced amplicons, and 30 pairs exhibited polymorphism. Polymorphic ratio was higher by using INDEL method than using conventional primers. Phylogenetic analysis showed the 2 distinct groups: P. frutescens var. frutescens and P. frutescens var. crispa. Wrinkled leaf trait and seed trait were distinct between these 2 groups. However, no clear leaf color or geographic relationship was detected. The large scale development and identification of SSR marker in this research laid a foundation for genetic analysis and marker assisted breeding of cultivated perilla.

甜椒(Capsicum frutescens L.)离体再生体系的构建

为建立一个稳定、高效的甜椒离体再生体系,本试验以2种基因型的甜椒(野生型CA157和栽培型CA52)为材料,筛选其最佳外植体类型,优化激素配比及浓度来提高愈伤组织的诱导率和子叶节的分化率。通过筛选以野生甜椒CA157、栽培甜椒CA52的子叶节为外植体,结果表明,野生甜椒CA157子叶节愈伤组织诱导率和分化率分别达到82%和73%。栽培甜椒CA52子叶节最高愈伤组织诱导率和分化率分别为81%和70%。诱导愈伤组织最适培养基是MS+2 mg/L TDZ+0.5 mg/L 2,4-D。诱导不定芽形成的最适培养基为MS+2 mg/L TDZ+1.5 mg/L 6-BA,诱导不定芽成活率最高。在不定芽诱导生根培养基(1/2MS+20 g/L蔗糖+1.5 mg/L ABT)上,生根率为67%,每个不定芽生根数最高达到4.2,移栽后再生植株成活率达73%。2个甜椒品种都能得到再生植株而且繁殖系数高。本培养体系适宜甜椒离体再生。通过染色体分析,再生植株染色体数和供体亲本材料一致,初步表明再生植株遗传稳定。

不同颜色全生物降解地膜增温效果及对辣椒产量的影响

为了明确不同颜色全生物可降解地膜对湖北省高山地区辣椒(Capsicum frutescens L.)生长发育的影响,采用田间试验,以不覆膜、白色和黑色聚乙烯地膜为对照,分析了白色和黑色全生物降解地膜的增温作用、降解性能和辣椒产量。结果表明,辣椒生育前期(覆膜后12~33 d)是地膜增温的主要时期,覆膜种植主要提高该时期5 cm土层土壤温度;全生物降解地膜增温效果与聚乙烯地膜相近,白色地膜增温效果优于黑色地膜;全生物降解地膜诱导期在40~54 d,白色地膜降解速度比黑色地膜快,不利于抑制杂草生长;全生物降解地膜未改变辣椒产量高峰期,主要提高第5~8次采摘期辣椒产量。综合考虑保温、抑制杂草、产量等因素,湖北省高山辣椒露天栽培推荐使用厚度为0.01 mm,主要成分为PBAT、PLA的黑色全生物降解地膜。

广西特色药材横经席鉴别方法的研究

目的:建立横经席专属性鉴别方法。方法:采用性状、显微及薄层色谱相结合的方法对横经席及其同属品种绣毛红厚壳、红厚壳进行对比研究,找到横经席的鉴别特征。结果:横经席性状鉴别特征为叶呈长圆状披针形,两面无毛;锈毛红厚壳叶呈矩圆形至椭圆形,两面主脉及小枝均密被锈红色柔毛;红厚壳叶呈宽椭圆形或倒卵状椭圆形,两面无毛。横经席粉末显微特征可观察到叶表皮细胞、纤维等,无非腺毛;锈毛红厚壳粉末可见较多非腺毛;红厚壳叶下表皮细胞垂周壁波浪状弯曲并呈连珠状增厚。薄层色谱鉴别结果显示,横经席比同属其他品种多1个特征斑点。结论:研究建立的横经席鉴别方法具有专属性,可区别横经席正品及其混伪品。

Perilla frutescens:A traditional medicine and food homologous plant

Perilla frutescens,an annual herb of the Labiatae family,has been cultivated in China for more than 2000 years.P.frutescens is the one of the first medicinal and edible plant published by the Ministry of Health.Its leaves,stems and seeds can be used as medicine and edible food.Because of the abundant nutrients and bioactive components in this plant,P.frutescens has been studied extensively in medicine,food,health care and chemical fields with great prospects for development.This paper reviews the cultivation history,chemical compositions and pharmacological activities of P.frutescens,which provides a reference for the development and utilization of P.frutescens resources.

紫苏的食药价值及栽培历史考证

紫苏是我国传统的药食同源植物,具有悠久的栽培历史和广泛的应用价值。尽管目前已有对紫苏的本草考证,但对其名称演化、食药价值及栽培历史等方面仍然缺乏系统梳理。该研究以历代本草、医籍、农政史料等为基础,考证发现:(1)紫苏常以荏、苏等名收录于典籍,荏指籽用类紫苏,苏指药用类紫苏;(2)古籍中紫苏叶、籽均可用于药膳,紫苏籽油用作食用油脂,其古法压榨工艺有详细记载。(3)紫苏性味辛温,主下气,紫苏叶、梗偏于散,紫苏子偏于收,其药用价值有明确记载。(4)紫苏原产于中国,应用记载可追溯到战国时代,其栽培特性有详细记载。该文系统梳理了荏、苏的区分,并对其在食药及栽培方面的古籍记载进行了综述,可为紫苏作为药食同源大健康产品的开发提供文献依据。

基于SSR分子标记的紫苏种质资源遗传多样性及群体结构分析

为了明确不同紫苏种质的遗传基础和群体的亲缘关系,本研究利用19对SSR分子标记对不同地理来源的141份紫苏资源进行遗传多样性和群体结构分析。结果表明,19对SSR分子标记扩增出80条多态性条带,平均每对引物4.26条,多态性指数(PIC)变幅在0.3311~0.8457之间,平均为0.6206,多态性条带占比85.10%。利用UPGMA法对141份紫苏进行分子聚类,遗传相似系数(GS)介于0.4787~0.9489之间,平均为0.7099,在GS=0.696处将供试材料分为三类。通过Structure群体结构分析,将供试材料分为三大类,其中68.8%的紫苏种质资源遗传背景比较单一,31.2%的资源拥有混合血统,其遗传背景较为复杂。

Comparative transcriptome and co-expression analysis reveal key genes involved in leaf margin serration in Perilla frutescens

Objective:In this study,we aimed to identify the genes involved in leaf margin serration in Perilla frutescens.P.frutescens(Family:Lamiaceae)is widely grown in Asian countries.Perilla leaf is the medicinal part stipulated in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.There are mainly two types of perilla leaves:one with serrated leaf margin which is the phenotype described in the pharmacopoeia and the other with smooth leaf margin.Methods:Transcriptome sequencing,co-expression analysis,and qRT-PCR analysis of six perilla tissues sampled from two different phenotypes(serrated and smooth leaves)were performed.Results:Forty-three differentially expressed genes(DEGs),which may potentially regulate leaf shape,were identified through de novo transcriptome sequencing between the two groups.Genes involved in leaf shape regulation were identified.Simultaneously,we validated five DEGs by qRT-PCR,and the results were consistent with the transcriptome data.In addition,1186 transcription factors(TFs)belonging to 45 TF families were identified.Moreover,the co-expression network of DEGs was constructed.Conclusion:The study identified the key genes that control leaf shape by comparing the transcriptomes.Our findings also provide basic data for further exploring P.frutescens,which can help study the mechanism of leaf shape development and molecular breeding.

紫苏叶提取物对小鼠止咳祛痰作用研究

目的探究水提和乙醇提两种不同方法制备的紫苏叶提取物对小鼠止咳祛痰的作用。方法分别采用水和50%乙醇作为溶剂制备紫苏叶提取物。比较各种紫苏叶提取物中总酚、总黄酮、总三萜和总多糖含量的差异;采用浓氨水引咳法和气管酚红排泌量法,观察紫苏叶提取物对小鼠咳嗽潜伏期、咳嗽次数以及气管酚红排泄量。结果紫苏叶50%乙醇提取物中总酚、总黄酮、总三萜含量显著高于水提取物(P<0.01),紫苏叶水提取物中总多糖含量显著高于50%乙醇提取物(P<0.01)。与模型组相比,紫苏叶水提取物可以明显延长小鼠咳嗽潜伏期并显著减少浓氨水引起的咳嗽次数(P<0.01);紫苏叶50%乙醇提取物对小鼠咳嗽潜伏期无显著影响(P>0.05),但可以显著减少小鼠咳嗽次数(P<0.01)。与对照组相比,紫苏叶水提取物可以显著增加气管酚红排泌量(P<0.01);而紫苏叶50%乙醇提取物的酚红排泌量无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论不同溶剂所制备的紫苏叶提取物成分不同。紫苏叶水提取物中多糖成分含量较高,同时具备较好的止咳和祛痰效果;紫苏叶醇提取物成分以酚、黄酮、三萜类化合物为主,具有较好的止咳效果。

紫苏油抗过敏·炎症的研究

介绍紫苏子中脂肪酸类成分抗过敏·炎症作用及其作用机制 ,即抑制血小板活化因子 (PAF)和白三烯的研究概况。并与同系列脂肪酸二十碳五烯酸 (EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸 (DHA)进行了比较 。

镉铜胁迫下紫苏的生长响应和富集特征研究

通过盆栽试验,分析了紫苏（Perilla frutescens（L.）Britt.）在Cd、Cu胁迫下生长响应及其对Cd、Cu的耐性、吸收和累积特征。结果表明,在Cd处理浓度≤60 mg.kg^-1和Cu处理浓度为≤600 mg.kg^-1时,紫苏株高和根长均随处理浓度提高而增加,此后则随处理浓度增加胁迫作用渐趋明显。植株地上部和根部Cd的最高含量分别是331.51和991.14 mg.kg^-1,Cu的最高含量分别为228.65和2 030.63 mg.kg^-1。植株地上部Cd和Cu的最大富集量分别为66.70和36.52μg.plant^-1。植株Cd、Cu富集系数分别为2.59-15.42和0.14-1.24,迁移系数分别为0.35-1.44和0.07-0.56。因此,该植物可用于Cd、Cu污染土壤的修复。

外源NO供体硝普钠(SNP)对盐胁迫下紫苏种子萌发及幼苗抗氧化酶活性的影响

目的:通过对紫苏种子萌发及幼苗生理特性的研究,寻找提高紫苏种子及幼苗在盐胁迫条件下抗盐能力的途径。方法:测定了不同浓度硝普钠(SNP)处理后的NaCl胁迫下紫苏种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数,并对紫苏幼苗叶片的丙二醛(MDA)含量、硝酸还原酶(NR)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性进行了测定。结果:结果显示在100 mmol/L的NaCl胁迫下的紫苏种子萌发受到显著抑制,但是经过不同浓度的SNP处理后,萌发指标均有升高,其中经过0.1 mmol/L的SNP处理后,各项指标均达到最大值,发芽势为60.4%,发芽率为78.3%,发芽指数为13.7,活力指数为为0.1093。SNP处理降低了叶片MDA的含量,并且提高了NR、SOD、POD和CAT四种酶的活性,且均为当SNP浓度为0.1 mmol/L时达到最大值,分别为:1.52μg/g.h、0.32 U/mg、5.9 U/mg和4.8 U/mg。结论:0.1 mmol/L的SNP能够有效的减缓NaCl胁迫对紫苏种子及幼苗产生的伤害,提高了种子及幼苗的抗盐能力。