Degradation of acid fuchsine by a modified electro-Fenton system with magnetic stirring as oxygen supplying

The current modified electro-Fenton system was designed to develop a more convenient and efficient undivided system for practical wastewater treatment. The system adopted a cathode portion that employed magnetic stirring instead of common oxygen gas diffusion or gas sparging to supply oxygen gas for the electrolyte solution. Key factors influencing the cathode fabrication and activit） were investigated. The degradation of acid fuchsine with a self-made graphite-polytetrafluorethylene cathode was studied using spectrophotometer. It was found that the cathode generated hydrogen peroxide with high current efficiency and the hydrogen peroxide yield of the cathode did not decay after 10 times reuse. With the Pt anode at a ferrous ion concentration of 0.5 mmol/L, a pH of 3, and using magnetic stirring, dye decolorization could be rapidly accomplished but the destruction of benzene rings and intermediates was fairly difficult. With a Fe anode, dye degradation was more complete.

Extraordinary adsorption of acidic fuchsine and malachite green onto cheap nano-adsorbent derived from eggshell

Removal of dyestuffs such as Acidic Fuchsine(AF)and Malachite Green(MG)being present in many forms in industries is vital to protect water reservoirs from their catastrophic effects on the ecosystem.This study attempts to effectively eliminate these dyes using a low-cost and eco-friendly material.Eggshell,as a biocompatible by-product,was initially characterized,then some modifications were conducted,and its morphology and chemical structure were then examined through(Atomic force microscopy)AFM,(Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy)FTIR,(Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy)EDS and(Brunauer–Emmett–Teller)BET analyses.They revealed that the modifications on raw material gave rise to a natural nano-adsorbent presenting porous medium appropriate for targeted adsorbate molecules with the average particle size and average pore diameter of 54 and^2 nm,respectively.Functional groups on the adsorbent surface were also of importance to assist the adsorption of AF and MG.The effect of contact time,adsorbent dose,solution p H and initial concentration was evaluated.Pseudo-second order model accurately correlated the experimental kinetic data for both dyes.Moreover,the participation of intra-particle diffusion along with film diffusion in controlling the process was suggested.Langmuir isotherm model fitted very well to the equilibrium data for both dyes and maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of AF and MG was accordingly calculated to be 5000 and 3333.33 mg·g-1 respectively.The inherent characteristics of eggshell make it a potential material to remove contaminants from wastewater in future applications.

Preparation of activated carbon from sunflower straw through H_(3)PO_(4) activation and its application for acid fuchsin dye adsorption

With the development circular economy, the use of agricultural waste to prepare biomass materials to remove pollutants has become a research hotspot. In this study, sunflower straw activated carbon (SSAC) was prepared by the one-step activation method, with sunflower straw (SS) used as the raw material and H3PO4 used as the activator. Four types of SSAC were prepared with impregnation ratios (weight of SS to weight of H3PO4) of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:5, corresponding to SSAC1, SSAC2, SSAC3, and SSAC4, respectively. The adsorption process of acid fuchsin (AF) in water using the four types of SSAC was studied. The results showed that the impregnation ratio significantly affected the structure of the materials. The increase in the impregnation ratio increased the specific surface area and pore volume of SSAC and improved the adsorption capacity of AF. However, an impregnation ratio that was too large led to a decrease in specific surface area. SSAC3, with an impregnation ratio of 1:3, had the largest specific surface area (1 794.01 m2/g), and SSAC4, with an impregnation ratio of 1:5, exhibited the smallest microporosity (0.052 7 cm3/g) and the largest pore volume (2.549 cm3/g). The adsorption kinetics of AF using the four types of SSAC agreed with the quasi-second-order adsorption kinetic model. The Langmuir isotherm model was suitable to describe SSAC3 and SSAC4, and the Freundlich isotherm model was appropriate to describe SSAC1 and SSAC2. The result of thermodynamics showed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. At 303 K, SSAC4 showed a removal rate of 97.73% for 200-mg/L AF with a maximum adsorption capacity of 2 763.36 mg/g, the highest among the four types of SSAC. This study showed that SAAC prepared by the H3PO4-based one-step activation method is a green and efficient carbon material and has significant application potential for the treatment of dye-containing wastewater.

Adsorption of acid fuchsin onto LTA-type zeolite derived from fly ash

A facile strategy without organic template was developed for the conversion of fly ash to LTA-type zeolite(LTA-Z),which could be used as a good adsorbent for the removal of acid fuchsin(AF).XRD results indicated that the pure crystalline product was obtained with the structure of LTA-type zeolite.SEM investigations showed that the well-defined LTA-Z crystals exhibited uniform size with the same cubic shape.The maximum AF adsorption amount was observed at pH=5,slightly lower than pHPZC of LTA-Z.Higher temperature favored AF adsorption onto LTA-Z and it was an endothermic process.Furthermore,AF adsorption amount increased with initial AF concentration increasing and LTA-Z dosage decreasing.Surface sorption governed this process at the initial 120 min period,followed by the internal diffusion of AF molecules between porous sites.The Langmuir model was determined as the adsorption isothermal,suggesting that the monolayer coverage of AF on LTA-Z surface was involved.

Ferrihydrite preparation and its application for removal of anionic dyes

Anionic dyes are hazardous and toxic to living organisms. For this study, ferrihydrite was prepared to test its removal capabilities on anionic dyes. A ferrihydrite particle prepared in neutral environmental conditions is sphere-like with a diameter of 2-4 nm and its total surface area is approximately 229 m^2· g^-1. In this paper, the effects of solution pH, competitive anions, and temperature on the adsorption of acid fuchsine onto ferrihydrite and the regeneration-reutilization of ferrihydrite were investigated in detail. The results indicate that ferrihydrite is an efficient sorbent for the removal of acid fuchsine at pH 4.0. The inhibitory effect of various competing anions on the present adsorption follows the precedence relationship： NO3 〈C1- 〈SO2- 〈H2PO~. Adsorption isotherms of acid fuchsine on ferrihydrite fit the Langmuir equation well. The Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy data of adsorption indicate that this adsorption is a spontaneous, exothermic, and physical process. A ferrihydrite was regenerated and reused five times, still retaining its original adsorption capacity.